[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.36,0:00:10.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In ancient Greece, violent internal\Nconflict between bordering neighbors
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.54,0:00:14.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and war with foreign invaders\Nwas a way of life,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.47,0:00:17.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Greeks were considered\Npremier warriors.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.85,0:00:22.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most Greek city-states surrounded\Nthemselves with massive defensive walls
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.10,0:00:23.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for added protection.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.83,0:00:27.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sparta in its prime was a different story,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.31,0:00:29.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,finding walls unnecessary
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.01,0:00:34.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when it had an army of the most feared\Nwarriors in the ancient world.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.11,0:00:37.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what was Sparta doing differently\Nthan everyone else
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.38,0:00:40.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to produce such fierce soldiers?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.09,0:00:44.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To answer that question, we turn to\Nthe written accounts of that time.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.05,0:00:47.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are no surviving written accounts\Nfrom Spartans themselves,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.21,0:00:50.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as it was forbidden for Spartans\Nto keep records,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.94,0:00:55.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we have to rely on those of\Nnon-Spartan ancient historians,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.25,0:00:58.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like Herodotus, Thucydides,\Nand Plutarch.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.99,0:01:00.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These stories may be embellished
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.63,0:01:03.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and depict Sparta \Nat the apex of its power,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.94,0:01:06.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so take them with a grain of salt.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.30,0:01:10.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For Spartans, the purpose for their\Nexistence was simple:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.16,0:01:12.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to serve Sparta.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.18,0:01:13.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the day of their birth,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.63,0:01:16.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,elder Spartan leaders examined\Nevery newborn.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.66,0:01:21.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The strong healthy babies were considered\Ncapable of fulfilling this purpose,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.14,0:01:25.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the others may have been left\Non Mount Taygetus to die.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.24,0:01:30.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every Spartan, boy or girl,\Nwas expected to be physically strong,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.44,0:01:31.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mentally sharp,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.75,0:01:33.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and emotionally resilient.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.62,0:01:38.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it was their absolute duty\Nto defend and promote Sparta at all costs.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.54,0:01:40.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in the first years of their lives,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.38,0:01:44.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,children were raised to understand that\Ntheir loyalty belonged first to Sparta,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.95,0:01:47.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then to family.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.88,0:01:50.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This mindset probably made it easier\Nfor the Spartan boys,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.97,0:01:54.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who upon turning seven,\Nwere sent to the agoge,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.32,0:01:56.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a place with one main purpose:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.44,0:01:59.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to turn a boy into a Spartan warrior
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.11,0:02:04.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through thirteen years of relentless,\Nharsh, and often brutal training.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.91,0:02:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Spartans prized physical perfection\Nabove all else,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.00,0:02:13.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so the students spent a great deal\Nof their time learning how to fight.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.79,0:02:15.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To ensure resilience in battle,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.66,0:02:18.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,boys were encouraged to fight\Namong themselves,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.85,0:02:22.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and bullying, unlike today, \Nwas acceptable.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.71,0:02:25.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In order to better prepare the boys\Nfor the conditions of war,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.63,0:02:27.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the boys were poorly fed,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.53,0:02:30.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes even going days without eating.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.26,0:02:32.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They also were given little \Nin the way of clothing
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.68,0:02:35.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that they could learn to deal\Nwith different temperatures.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.55,0:02:39.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Spartan boys were encouraged\Nto steal in order to survive,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.35,0:02:40.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but if they were caught,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.53,0:02:41.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they would be disciplined,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.90,0:02:45.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not because they stole,\Nbut because they were caught in the act.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.98,0:02:48.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,During the annual contest of endurance
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.14,0:02:51.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a religious ritual known as\Nthe diamastigosis,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.13,0:02:53.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,teenage boys were whipped\Nin front of an altar
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.87,0:02:56.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.73,0:03:00.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was common for boys to die\Non the altar of the goddess.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.43,0:03:03.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fortunately, not everything\Nwas as brutal as that.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.81,0:03:06.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Young Spartans were also taught\Nhow to read,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.45,0:03:07.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,write,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.28,0:03:08.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and dance,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.54,0:03:11.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which taught them graceful control\Nof their movements
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.02,0:03:12.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and helped them in combat.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.76,0:03:15.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While the responsibilities for the girls\Nof Sparta were different,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.89,0:03:17.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the high standards of excellence
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.59,0:03:22.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and expectation to serve \NSparta with their lives remained the same.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.03,0:03:25.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Spartan girls lived at home with\Ntheir mothers as they attended school.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.41,0:03:27.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their curriculum included the arts,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.50,0:03:28.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,music,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.57,0:03:29.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dance,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.46,0:03:30.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reading,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.24,0:03:31.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and writing.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.46,0:03:35.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And to stay in peak physical condition,\Nthey learned a variety of sports,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.26,0:03:36.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as discus,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.51,0:03:37.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,javelin,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.48,0:03:39.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and horseback riding.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.25,0:03:42.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Sparta, it was believed that only\Nstrong and capable women
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.75,0:03:47.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could bear children that would one day\Nbecome strong and capable warriors.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.50,0:03:50.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To all Spartans, men and women,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.62,0:03:53.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,perhaps the most important lesson\Nfrom Spartan school
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.18,0:03:55.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was allegiance to Sparta.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.47,0:03:59.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To die for their city-state was seen\Nas the completion of one's duty to Sparta.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.91,0:04:01.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Upon their death,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.10,0:04:04.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only men who died in battle\Nand women who died in childbirth
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.93,0:04:07.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were given tombstones.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.10,0:04:11.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the eyes of their countrymen,\Nboth died so that Sparta could live.