0:00:00.967,0:00:06.147
So people tell me I'm a nice person ...

0:00:06.147,0:00:10.189
to the point where it's part[br]of my personal and professional identity

0:00:10.189,0:00:12.473
that I'm so nice

0:00:12.473,0:00:14.523
and able to get long with anyone,

0:00:14.523,0:00:17.757
even my most fierce opponents.

0:00:19.013,0:00:20.106
It's like my "thing,"

0:00:20.106,0:00:21.276
it's what I'm known for.

0:00:21.515,0:00:22.515
(Laughter)

0:00:24.125,0:00:25.800
But ...

0:00:25.800,0:00:29.063
what no one knows

0:00:29.063,0:00:30.586
is that I was a bully.

0:00:32.805,0:00:35.216
Honestly, I didn't think[br]about it much myself.

0:00:35.216,0:00:39.145
I buried the memories for years,

0:00:39.145,0:00:41.340
and even still, a lot of it's really hazy.

0:00:42.268,0:00:44.914
Denial, by the way, apparently[br]is also one of my things.

0:00:46.568,0:00:48.843
But the more people started to praise me

0:00:48.843,0:00:51.606
for being a liberal who could[br]get along with conservatives,

0:00:51.606,0:00:53.803
and the more I wrote articles[br]about being nice

0:00:53.803,0:00:56.769
and gave talks about being nice,

0:00:56.769,0:01:00.924
the more I felt this hypocrisy[br]creeping up inside me.

0:01:02.809,0:01:04.911
What if I was actually really mean?

0:01:08.028,0:01:12.291
When I was 10 years old,

0:01:12.291,0:01:15.053
there was a girl in my class[br]at school named Vicky.

0:01:16.744,0:01:20.426
And I tormented her ...

0:01:20.426,0:01:21.522
mercilessly.

0:01:23.407,0:01:24.648
I mean, everyone did.

0:01:24.774,0:01:26.358
Even the teachers picked on her.

0:01:27.754,0:01:29.651
It doesn't make it any better, does it?

0:01:31.094,0:01:33.961
Vicky was clearly a troubled kid.

0:01:34.424,0:01:36.989
She would hit herself[br]and give herself bloody noses

0:01:36.989,0:01:38.529
and she had hygiene problems --

0:01:38.529,0:01:39.957
she had big hygiene problems.

0:01:41.234,0:01:43.581
But instead of helping this girl,

0:01:43.581,0:01:47.969
who was plainly suffering[br]from hardships in her life,

0:01:47.969,0:01:50.070
we called her, "Sticky Vicky."

0:01:51.925,0:01:53.675
I called her, "Sticky Vicky."

0:01:56.770,0:02:01.042
My clearest memory[br]is standing in the empty hallway

0:02:01.042,0:02:02.995
outside the fifth grade classrooms

0:02:02.995,0:02:05.190
waiting for Vicky[br]to come out of the bathroom,

0:02:05.190,0:02:09.141
and I have a clipboard and a pen[br]and a survey I've made up,

0:02:09.141,0:02:10.930
asking about shampoo preferences,

0:02:10.930,0:02:13.689
like I'm doing a study[br]for science class or something.

0:02:13.939,0:02:16.419
And when Vicky comes out of the bathroom,

0:02:16.419,0:02:17.436
I pounce on her

0:02:17.436,0:02:19.313
and I ask her what shampoo she uses.

0:02:19.313,0:02:21.500
Now, to put this in perspective,

0:02:21.500,0:02:23.512
I can't remember the names of my teachers,

0:02:23.512,0:02:26.530
I can't remember the names[br]of any of the books I read that year,

0:02:26.530,0:02:29.108
I pretty much can't remember[br]anything from fifth grade,

0:02:29.108,0:02:32.061
but I remember that VIcky told me[br]she used White Rain shampoo.

0:02:33.285,0:02:34.657
Clear as yesterday,

0:02:34.657,0:02:36.087
like it just happened.

0:02:36.823,0:02:37.949
And as classes let out,

0:02:37.949,0:02:40.886
I ran down the hall shouting[br]at all the other kids,

0:02:40.886,0:02:43.178
"Sticky Vicky uses White Rain shampoo.

0:02:43.178,0:02:45.172
Don't use White Rain shampoo,

0:02:45.172,0:02:48.536
or you'll smell like Sticky Vicky."

0:02:50.792,0:02:52.792
I forgot about this memory[br]for a long time.

0:02:52.792,0:02:54.655
When I finally started remembering it,

0:02:54.655,0:02:56.298
I immediately needed to know more.

0:02:56.298,0:02:58.814
I reached out to friends[br]and eventually social media,

0:02:58.814,0:03:01.150
and I did everything I could[br]to try to find Vicky.

0:03:01.150,0:03:03.997
I needed to know that she was OK,

0:03:03.997,0:03:05.667
and that I hadn't ruined her life.

0:03:08.614,0:03:10.030
What I quickly realized

0:03:10.030,0:03:12.982
was I wasn't just trying to figure out[br]what happened to Vicky.

0:03:13.457,0:03:15.645
I was trying to figure out[br]what happened to me.

0:03:17.842,0:03:19.242
When I was 10 years old,

0:03:19.242,0:03:24.924
I treated another human being[br]like some worthless other ...

0:03:24.924,0:03:27.373
like I was better than her,

0:03:27.373,0:03:28.592
and she was garbage.

0:03:30.148,0:03:31.978
What kind of a nice person does that?

0:03:32.650,0:03:34.213
I mean, I know I was only a kid,

0:03:34.213,0:03:35.858
but not all kids do that.

0:03:35.858,0:03:38.107
Most kids don't do that, right?

0:03:39.335,0:03:41.727
So, what if I wasn't nice afterall?

0:03:41.727,0:03:44.461
I was really just a hateful monster.

0:03:46.073,0:03:50.830
Then I started to notice myself[br]having these mean impulses,

0:03:50.830,0:03:52.765
thinking mean thoughts

0:03:52.765,0:03:53.981
and wanting to say them.

0:03:56.026,0:03:59.144
Admittedly, most of my mean[br]thoughts were about conservatives.

0:03:59.524,0:04:01.217
(Laughter)

0:04:04.073,0:04:05.385
But not just conservatives.

0:04:05.385,0:04:09.665
I also caught myself thinking mean things[br]about mushy, centrist liberals

0:04:09.665,0:04:11.516
and greedy Wall Street bankers

0:04:11.516,0:04:12.894
and Islamaphobes

0:04:12.894,0:04:14.538
and slow drivers,

0:04:14.538,0:04:16.742
because I really hate slow drivers.

0:04:16.742,0:04:17.971
(Laughter)

0:04:19.388,0:04:22.364
And as I'd catch myself[br]in these moments of hypocrisy,

0:04:22.364,0:04:24.209
either I was just noticing them

0:04:24.209,0:04:26.220
or they were getting worse,

0:04:26.220,0:04:27.803
especially in the last few years.

0:04:28.213,0:04:30.361
And as I felt more [hageful]--

0:04:30.361,0:04:32.785
rageful, really,

0:04:32.785,0:04:36.037
I noticed the world around me[br]seemed to be getting more hateful, too.

0:04:36.037,0:04:38.593
Like there was this steady[br]undercurrent of hate

0:04:38.593,0:04:40.684
bubbling up all around us

0:04:40.684,0:04:42.391
and increasingly overflowing.

0:04:44.180,0:04:46.691
So the plus side, I guess,

0:04:46.691,0:04:51.846
is that I realized that hate[br]was not just my problem,

0:04:51.846,0:04:55.420
which is like, the most[br]selfish plus side ever --

0:04:55.420,0:04:56.420
(Laughter)

0:04:56.980,0:05:02.431
because now instead of just my own hate[br]and cruelty to try to figure out,

0:05:02.431,0:05:06.435
I had a whole world of hate[br]I wanted to unravel

0:05:06.435,0:05:08.730
and understand and fix.

0:05:10.578,0:05:15.639
So I did what all overly intellectual[br]people do when they have a problem

0:05:15.639,0:05:17.209
that they want to understand,

0:05:17.209,0:05:18.249
and I wrote a book.

0:05:18.947,0:05:20.201
(Laughter)

0:05:21.145,0:05:22.564
I wrote a book about hate.

0:05:23.535,0:05:25.555
Spoiler alert:

0:05:25.555,0:05:26.612
I'm against it.

0:05:26.860,0:05:28.769
(Laughter)

0:05:29.459,0:05:30.459
Now at this point,

0:05:30.459,0:05:32.130
you might be thinking to yourself,

0:05:32.130,0:05:33.990
"Why are y'all worried about hate?

0:05:33.990,0:05:35.392
You didn't hate Vicky.

0:05:35.392,0:05:37.147
Bullying isn't hate."

0:05:38.356,0:05:39.475
Isn't it?

0:05:41.245,0:05:42.394
Gordon Allport,

0:05:42.394,0:05:46.851
the psychologist who pioneered[br]the study of hate in the early 1900s,

0:05:46.851,0:05:49.483
he developed what he called[br]a "scale of prejudice."

0:05:49.483,0:05:54.831
At one end are things like genocide[br]and other bias-motivated violence.

0:05:55.133,0:05:56.809
But at the other end

0:05:56.809,0:05:59.974
are things like believing[br]that your in-group

0:05:59.974,0:06:03.543
is inherently superior to some out-group,

0:06:03.543,0:06:08.306
or avoiding social interaction[br]with those others.

0:06:09.718,0:06:11.024
Isn't that all hate?

0:06:12.227,0:06:14.116
I mean, it wasn't an accident

0:06:14.116,0:06:19.054
that I was a rich kid[br]picking on a poor kid,

0:06:19.054,0:06:23.416
or that Vicky, it turns out,[br]would eventually end up being gay.

0:06:24.877,0:06:29.050
Poor kids and gay kids[br]are more likely to be bullied

0:06:29.050,0:06:32.518
even by kids who also end up being gay.

0:06:34.110,0:06:37.037
I know there was a lot going on[br]in my little 10-year-old mind.

0:06:37.037,0:06:39.720
I'm not saying hate was the only[br]reason I picked on Vicky

0:06:39.720,0:06:42.725
or even that I was consciously[br]hateful or anything,

0:06:42.725,0:06:44.715
but the fact is,

0:06:44.715,0:06:49.469
the people we discriminate against[br]in our public policies and in our culture

0:06:49.469,0:06:54.171
are also the groups of people[br]most likely to be bullied in school.

0:06:56.072,0:06:57.754
That is not just a coincidence.

0:06:59.799,0:07:01.440
That's hate.

0:07:03.666,0:07:07.546
I am defining hate in a broad way

0:07:07.546,0:07:10.691
because I think we have a big problem.

0:07:11.397,0:07:13.027
And we need to solve all of it,

0:07:13.027,0:07:14.784
not just the most extremes.

0:07:15.039,0:07:16.172
So for instance,

0:07:16.172,0:07:18.840
we probably all agree[br]that marching down the street,

0:07:18.840,0:07:22.040
chanting about you should take away[br]rights from some group of people

0:07:22.040,0:07:24.101
because of their skin[br]color or their gender,

0:07:24.101,0:07:25.750
we'd all agree that's hate, right?

0:07:25.750,0:07:26.749
OK.

0:07:27.848,0:07:32.771
What if you believe[br]that group of people is inferior,

0:07:32.771,0:07:33.981
but you don't say it?

0:07:35.673,0:07:36.668
Is that hate?

0:07:37.844,0:07:41.487
Or what if you believe[br]that group of people is inferior

0:07:41.487,0:07:43.758
but you aren't aware[br]that you believe it --

0:07:43.758,0:07:46.029
what's known as implicit bias --

0:07:46.029,0:07:47.179
is that hate?

0:07:47.943,0:07:50.181
I mean they all have[br]the same roots, don't they?

0:07:50.181,0:07:53.219
In the historic patterns[br]of racism and sexism

0:07:53.219,0:07:54.636
that have shaped our history

0:07:54.636,0:07:56.324
and still infect our society today.

0:07:56.324,0:07:57.805
Isn't it all hate?

0:07:58.817,0:08:01.242
I'm not saying they're the same thing,

0:08:01.242,0:08:03.687
just like I am not saying[br]that bullying --

0:08:03.687,0:08:06.343
being a bully is as bad as being a nazi,

0:08:06.343,0:08:12.002
just like I'm not saying that being a nazi[br]is the same thing as punching a nazi ...

0:08:12.002,0:08:15.733
(Laughter)

0:08:16.467,0:08:20.461
But hating a nazi is still hate, right?

0:08:21.413,0:08:24.129
What about hating someone[br]who isn't as enlightened as you?

0:08:25.231,0:08:28.600
See, what I learned

0:08:28.600,0:08:31.266
is that we all are against hate

0:08:31.266,0:08:34.240
and we all think hate is a problem ...

0:08:34.240,0:08:36.588
we think it's their problem,

0:08:36.588,0:08:38.292
not our problem.

0:08:38.913,0:08:40.215
They're hateful.

0:08:40.755,0:08:43.243
I mean, if i think the people[br]who didn't vote like me

0:08:43.243,0:08:46.729
are stupid racist monsters who don't[br]deserve to call themselves Americans,

0:08:46.729,0:08:48.645
all right, fine, I'm not being nice,

0:08:48.645,0:08:49.653
I get it.

0:08:49.653,0:08:51.077
(Laughter)

0:08:51.668,0:08:53.248
I'm not hateful,

0:08:53.248,0:08:54.250
I'm just right,

0:08:54.250,0:08:55.250
right?

0:08:55.250,0:08:56.473
(Laughter)

0:08:56.473,0:08:57.572
Wrong.

0:08:59.449,0:09:01.980
We all hate.

0:09:02.648,0:09:06.530
And I do not mean that[br]in some abstract, generic sense.

0:09:06.842,0:09:10.651
I mean all of us ...

0:09:10.651,0:09:12.468
me and you.

0:09:13.939,0:09:19.105
That sanctimonious pedestal of superiority[br]on which we all place ourselves,

0:09:19.105,0:09:22.435
that they are hateful and we are not,

0:09:22.435,0:09:26.332
is a manifestation[br]of the essential root of hate:

0:09:26.332,0:09:31.155
that we are fundamentally good[br]and they are not,

0:09:31.155,0:09:32.744
which is what needs to change.

0:09:34.159,0:09:37.924
So in trying to understand[br]and solve hate,

0:09:37.924,0:09:40.756
I read every book and every[br]research study I could find,

0:09:40.756,0:09:44.913
but I also went and talked[br]to some former nazis

0:09:44.913,0:09:46.587
and some former terrorists

0:09:46.587,0:09:49.050
and some former genocidal killers

0:09:49.050,0:09:53.306
because I figured if they could[br]figure out how to escape hate,

0:09:53.306,0:09:54.736
surely the rest of us could.

0:09:55.761,0:09:59.796
Let me give you just one example[br]of the former terrorist I spent time with

0:09:59.796,0:10:01.044
in the West Bank.

0:10:01.768,0:10:05.756
When Bassam Aramin was 16 years old,

0:10:05.756,0:10:10.372
he tried to blow up an Israeli[br]military convoy with a grenade.

0:10:11.828,0:10:14.349
He failed, fortunately,

0:10:14.349,0:10:16.788
but he was still sentecned[br]to seven years in prison.

0:10:16.788,0:10:17.952
When he was in prison,

0:10:17.952,0:10:19.860
they showed a film about the Holocaust.

0:10:19.860,0:10:20.857
Up until that point,

0:10:20.857,0:10:23.550
Bassam had thought the Hocolcaust[br]was mostly a myth.

0:10:23.812,0:10:25.533
He went to go watch the film

0:10:25.533,0:10:28.950
because he thought he would enjoy[br]seeing Jews get killed.

0:10:30.543,0:10:32.869
But when he saw what really happened,

0:10:32.869,0:10:34.250
he broke down crying.

0:10:35.763,0:10:37.141
And eventually after prison,

0:10:37.141,0:10:40.743
Bassam went on to get a master's[br]degree in Holocaust studies

0:10:40.743,0:10:44.797
and he founded and organization[br]where former Palestinian combatants

0:10:44.797,0:10:48.059
and Israel combatants come together,

0:10:48.059,0:10:49.104
work together,

0:10:49.104,0:10:50.742
try to find common ground.

0:10:52.424,0:10:54.320
By his own account,

0:10:54.320,0:10:57.464
Bassam used to hate Israelis,

0:10:57.464,0:11:00.761
but through knowing Israelis[br]and learning their stories

0:11:00.761,0:11:02.514
and working together for peace,

0:11:02.514,0:11:03.776
he overcame his hate.

0:11:05.845,0:11:10.326
Bassam says he still[br]doesn't hate Israelis,

0:11:10.326,0:11:15.322
even after the Israeli military shot[br]and killed his 10-year-old daughter,

0:11:15.322,0:11:16.320
Abir,

0:11:16.320,0:11:17.874
while she was walking to school.

0:11:22.498,0:11:25.261
Bassam even forgave the soldier[br]who killed his daughter.

0:11:26.505,0:11:27.513
That soldier,

0:11:27.513,0:11:30.141
he taught me,

0:11:30.141,0:11:34.573
was just a product of the same[br]hateful system as he was.

0:11:39.682,0:11:44.225
If a former terrorist --

0:11:44.225,0:11:48.569
if a terrorist can learn to stop hating

0:11:48.569,0:11:50.727
and still not hate[br]when their child is killed,

0:11:50.727,0:11:54.717
surely the rest of us can stop our habits

0:11:54.717,0:11:56.942
of demeaning and[br]dehumanizing each other.

0:11:57.303,0:12:00.637
And I will tell you there are stories[br]like Bassam's all over the world,

0:12:00.637,0:12:02.622
plus study after study after study

0:12:02.622,0:12:07.833
that says, no, we are neither designed[br]nor destined as human beings to hate,

0:12:07.833,0:12:11.111
but rather taught to hate[br]by the world around us.

0:12:11.449,0:12:12.790
I promise you,

0:12:12.790,0:12:16.018
none of us pops out of the womb[br]hating black people or Republicans.

0:12:16.270,0:12:21.016
There is nothing in our DNA[br]that makes us hate Muslims or Mexicans.

0:12:21.632,0:12:22.857
For better or for worse,

0:12:22.857,0:12:26.409
we are all a product[br]of the culture around us.

0:12:27.918,0:12:29.959
And the good news is

0:12:29.959,0:12:34.139
we're also the ones[br]who shape that culture,

0:12:34.139,0:12:35.731
which means we can change it.

0:12:36.844,0:12:42.267
The first step is starting to recognize[br]the hate inside ourselves.

0:12:42.267,0:12:43.772
We need to catch ourselves

0:12:43.772,0:12:46.277
and our hateful thoughts[br]in all their forms

0:12:46.277,0:12:49.556
in all of us,

0:12:49.556,0:12:51.948
and work to challenge[br]our ideas and assumptions.

0:12:51.948,0:12:53.418
That doesn't happen overnight,

0:12:53.418,0:12:54.797
I am telling you right here,

0:12:54.797,0:12:56.117
it is a lifelong journey

0:12:56.117,0:12:57.701
but it's one we all need to take.

0:12:58.519,0:12:59.494
And then second:

0:12:59.494,0:13:03.115
if we want to challenge[br]the hate in our societies,

0:13:03.115,0:13:07.156
we need to promote policies[br]and institutions and practices

0:13:07.156,0:13:09.848
that connect us as communities.

0:13:10.359,0:13:13.452
Literally, like integrative[br]neighborhoods and schools.

0:13:13.452,0:13:15.928
That by the way is the reason[br]to support integration.[br]

0:13:15.928,0:13:18.229
Not just because[br]it's the right thing to do,

0:13:18.229,0:13:21.657
but because integration[br]systematically combats hate.

0:13:21.657,0:13:24.123
There are studies[br]that teenagers who participate

0:13:24.123,0:13:28.186
in racially integrated classes[br]and activities reduce their racial bias.

0:13:28.186,0:13:31.580
And when little kids go to racially[br]integrated kindergartens

0:13:31.580,0:13:33.724
and elementary schools,

0:13:33.724,0:13:35.525
they develop less bias to begin with.

0:13:36.697,0:13:40.771
But the fact is in so many ways[br]and in so many places around our world,

0:13:40.771,0:13:43.542
we are separated from each other.

0:13:44.868,0:13:47.123
In the United States for instance,

0:13:47.123,0:13:51.721
three-quarters of white people[br]don't have any non-white friends.

0:13:52.850,0:13:56.943
So in addition to promoting[br]those proactive solutions,

0:13:56.943,0:14:00.745
the other thing we need to do[br]is upend the hate in our institutions

0:14:00.745,0:14:02.327
and our policies

0:14:02.327,0:14:05.712
that perpetuate dehumanization

0:14:05.712,0:14:06.881
and difference

0:14:06.881,0:14:07.880
and otherizing

0:14:07.880,0:14:08.802
and hate,

0:14:08.802,0:14:13.090
like systems of sexual harassment

0:14:13.090,0:14:14.850
and sexual assault in the workplace,

0:14:14.850,0:14:18.833
or our deeply, racially imbalanced

0:14:18.833,0:14:22.204
and deeply racially biased[br]criminal "justice" system.

0:14:22.934,0:14:24.613
We need to change that.

0:14:24.613,0:14:26.488
Again, it will not happen overnight.

0:14:26.488,0:14:28.438
It needs to happen.

0:14:29.859,0:14:32.242
And then ...

0:14:32.242,0:14:34.918
when we connect together

0:14:34.918,0:14:38.645
in these connection spaces,

0:14:38.645,0:14:42.767
faciliated by connection systems,

0:14:42.767,0:14:47.096
we need to change the way[br]we talk to each other

0:14:47.096,0:14:48.805
and connect with one antoher

0:14:48.805,0:14:53.926
and relate with generosity[br]and open-mindedness

0:14:53.926,0:14:55.440
and kindness and compassion

0:14:55.440,0:14:56.623
and not hate.

0:14:57.853,0:14:58.850
And that's it.

0:14:59.451,0:15:00.451
That's it.

0:15:00.770,0:15:04.826
(Applause)

0:15:05.154,0:15:06.670
I have solved it all, right?

0:15:06.900,0:15:07.904
That's it.

0:15:07.904,0:15:08.976
That is pretty much --

0:15:08.976,0:15:10.128
there's a few details --

0:15:10.128,0:15:12.101
but that's pretty much all we have to do.

0:15:12.101,0:15:13.824
It's not that complicated, right?

0:15:15.573,0:15:16.797
But it's hard.

0:15:18.625,0:15:24.077
The hate that we feel[br]towards certain groups of people

0:15:24.077,0:15:26.948
because of who they are[br]or what they believe

0:15:26.948,0:15:30.306
is so ingrained in our minds[br]and in our society

0:15:30.306,0:15:33.262
that it can feel inevitable

0:15:33.262,0:15:34.708
and impossible to change.

0:15:37.457,0:15:38.841
Change is possible.

0:15:41.236,0:15:46.259
Just look at the terrorist[br]who became a peace activist.

0:15:47.603,0:15:52.916
Or look at the bully who learned[br]to apologize to her victim.

0:15:55.481,0:15:59.618
The entire time I was traveling[br]around the Middle East

0:15:59.618,0:16:00.817
and Rwanda

0:16:00.817,0:16:02.115
and across the United States,

0:16:02.115,0:16:06.233
hearing these unbelievable stories[br]of people in communities

0:16:06.233,0:16:08.939
who had left entire histories[br]of hate behind,

0:16:08.939,0:16:10.396
I was still looking for Vicky.

0:16:11.031,0:16:14.191
It was so hard find her in fact[br]that I hired a private investigator

0:16:14.191,0:16:15.188
and he found her.

0:16:15.344,0:16:17.108
I mean, he sort of found her.

0:16:17.414,0:16:18.638
The truth is,

0:16:18.638,0:16:19.640
it became clear

0:16:19.640,0:16:24.651
that the person I'm calling Vicky[br]had gone to extraordinary lengths

0:16:24.651,0:16:26.832
to hide her identity.

0:16:28.715,0:16:30.017
But anyway,

0:16:30.017,0:16:34.683
a year after I began my journey,

0:16:34.683,0:16:36.179
I wrote Vicky an apology.

0:16:38.311,0:16:40.600
And a few months later,

0:16:40.600,0:16:41.715
she wrote back.

0:16:45.209,0:16:47.761
I'm not going to lie,

0:16:47.761,0:16:49.052
I wanted to be forgiven.

0:16:53.192,0:16:54.194
I wasn't.

0:16:56.061,0:16:58.720
She offered me sort of[br]conditional forgiveness.

0:16:59.171,0:17:01.357
What she wrote was,

0:17:01.357,0:17:06.024
"Messages such as yours[br]cannot absolve you of your past actions.

0:17:07.026,0:17:10.345
The only way to do that[br]is to improve the world,

0:17:10.345,0:17:14.260
prevent others[br]from behaving in similar ways

0:17:14.260,0:17:15.769
and foster compassion."

0:17:17.905,0:17:19.200
And Vicky's right.

0:17:21.633,0:17:22.983
Which is why I'm here.

0:17:23.705,0:17:24.705
Thank you.

0:17:25.090,0:17:28.017
(Applause)