[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.05,0:00:14.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a story of how the government of the United Kingdom
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.00,0:00:19.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,decided to attack an Arab nation, of how afraid
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.01,0:00:20.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,its oil supplies were under threat and
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.09,0:00:23.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,embarked on a strategy of regime change.\N
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.01,0:00:27.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of how Britain deliberately bypassed the United Nations
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.87,0:00:31.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and of how a power British Prime Minister led
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.07,0:00:35.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the nation to war based on suspect intelligence.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.07,0:00:42.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this isn't Iraq 2003,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.07,0:00:49.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is Egypt 1956. These are British paratroopers
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.07,0:00:51.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fighting on the orders of British Prime Minister
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.06,0:00:55.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anthony Eden. He has gambled on a war in a desperate bid to destroy
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.05,0:00:59.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Egypt's new young president Gamal Abdel Nasser.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.08,0:01:03.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I'm utterly convinced the action we have taken is right."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.01,0:01:07.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a war over who will run
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.00,0:01:11.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this Egyptian waterway - the Suez Canal - and the vital
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.04,0:01:13.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,oil supplies which are transported through it.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.06,0:01:17.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Suez is a crisis which will push the world to the brink of nuclear
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.07,0:01:19.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,catastrophe. "That moment I did think
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.98,0:01:21.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is really going to be the
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.00,0:01:24.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Third World War."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.06,0:01:27.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Britain we know Suez is a war based on a Prime Minister's lie,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.05,0:01:32.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a lie which destroys him. "MI-6 sexed up their intelligence."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.02,0:01:37.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But seen from the other side, Suez is a story of how a small
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.05,0:01:40.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,poor Arab country defended itself against the Western world
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.08,0:01:44.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and won. "People will defend their country, they will defend their land."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.00,0:02:06.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,July the 26th, 1956. It is a warm evening
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.06,0:02:10.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as Egyptian President Gamal Abdel\NNasser prepares to address his people.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.07,0:02:14.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His country is in ferment. Only seven\Ndays before,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.02,0:02:19.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the young president had suffered a\Nhumiliating blow when the West sabotaged
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.04,0:02:20.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,his key plan to lift
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.07,0:02:25.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Egypt out of poverty. Now, two hundred\Nthousand people gathered to hear their
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.09,0:02:26.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,president's response.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.02,0:02:32.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But unknown to the crowd, 30 people\Nstationed on the banks of the Suez Canal
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.07,0:02:35.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are listening for a password - a\NFrenchman's name hidden
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.05,0:02:39.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Nasser's speech. "They have
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.06,0:02:43.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their radio on to follow the speech
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.07,0:02:47.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,waiting for the password "De Lesseps."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.10,0:02:52.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When they hear this word, their president\Nhas told them to storm the offices of
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.05,0:02:54.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Suez Canal Company.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.10,0:02:57.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{Segment from speech}
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.00,0:03:01.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As jubilant Egyptians celebrate,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.08,0:03:05.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nasser heads to a movie theater to relax.\NHe doesn't know that in London,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.00,0:03:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anthony Eden has already decided to have\Nhim killed.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.08,0:03:21.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Egypt - cradle of ancient civilizations
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.00,0:03:26.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in the post-war era, strategically\Nthe most valuable country in the Arab
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.04,0:03:29.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,world.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.04,0:03:34.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks to this, the Suez Canal, which\Ncarries oil to the economies of the West.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.00,0:03:39.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The company that runs the canal
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.07,0:03:43.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is largely owned by Egypt's old colonial\Nmasters, Britain and France,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.07,0:03:46.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and is staffed by Europeans. "Reconsider
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.00,0:03:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Suez Canal Company is a country, inside
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.01,0:03:59.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our country, a state inside our state. Egypt sees virtually nothing of\Nthe tens of millions of dollars the
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.09,0:04:00.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,canal earns each year.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.04,0:04:05.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Feelings of resentment are growing.\N"Imagine
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.74,0:04:11.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,somebody, a foreigner in your country, and he give\Nyour nothing.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.01,0:04:14.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He take everything and give you nothing. Is\Nthat justice?"
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.00,0:04:15.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.01,0:04:20.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.09,0:04:24.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In February 1955, Egypt's young President\NGamal Abdel Nasser
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.05,0:04:28.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,meets British Prime Minister Anthony\NEden for the first time.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.08,0:04:31.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The two men dislike one another from the\Nstart.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.03,0:04:36.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The impression of President Nasser
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.07,0:04:39.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about Anthony Eden
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.08,0:04:41.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was that he was small Cheshire and not a, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.03,0:04:44.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,committed with imposing
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.02,0:04:50.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the British point of view on the other side."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.76,0:04:54.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For Eden, Egypt remains part of Britain's\Nsphere of influence in the Middle East.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.30,0:04:59.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Although nominally independent since\N1922, Egyptian kings have dutifully done
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.14,0:05:01.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what British Prime Minister's
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.73,0:05:04.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have told them to do. "Eden lived in the
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.09,0:05:08.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,legend of the empire, but the world was different.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.56,0:05:11.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eden didn't realize
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.85,0:05:16.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the change in the balance of power."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.10,0:05:19.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anthony Eden is every inch the\Nconservative Prime Minister.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.01,0:05:24.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Educated at Eton and Oxford, he was\Nforeign secretary during the war
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.04,0:05:31.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and is Winston Churchill's hand-picked\Nsuccessor.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.01,0:05:35.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in Nasser, Eden encounters a new kind\Nof Arab leader.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.06,0:05:38.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He is part of a new generation\Nof Egyptians determined to secure
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.04,0:05:42.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,real independence for their country.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.01,0:05:46.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.03,0:05:51.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.66,0:05:55.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.08,0:05:58.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nasser is one of a group of officers who\Nhad overthrown the playboy
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.02,0:06:03.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,King Farouk in 1952. Two years later,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.06,0:06:06.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nasser had shown Britain that Egypt would\Nnot be pushed around.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.01,0:06:11.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An aggressive guerrilla campaign forces\Nthe British to evacuate
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.01,0:06:14.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eighty-eight thousand soldiers from the\Nbiggest base in the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.06,0:06:18.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the banks of the Suez Canal. "At that\Ntime,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.00,0:06:23.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what was most important is real independence
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.03,0:06:26.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to get free, really free, by
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.03,0:06:30.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,evacuating the troops." "There was an\Noperation
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.04,0:06:34.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,against the British troops prior to\Nthe negotiations.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.01,0:06:38.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When the negotiations go in a smooth\Nway,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.09,0:06:42.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we ease the resistance. When
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.02,0:06:46.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the British delegation became\Nstubborn,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.07,0:06:53.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we intensify the resistance."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.70,0:06:58.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By the spring of 1956,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.76,0:07:03.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Egypt is free of British troops. With\Nhis country moving away from its
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.00,0:07:04.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,colonial past,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.06,0:07:09.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nasser embarks on an ambitious plan to\Ntransform the lives of his people.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.79,0:07:13.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Egypt was very much backward,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.02,0:07:16.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,half percent of the people were\Npossessing
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.26,0:07:19.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nearly about seventy-five percent of the\Nfortune.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.06,0:07:22.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We had one of the lowest standards life,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.70,0:07:25.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the majority of Egyptians were in\Nstreets with
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.04,0:07:30.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,naked feet."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.05,0:07:36.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nasser's solution is to build a huge dam on\Nthe Nile at Aswan
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.02,0:07:40.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which will provide water for agriculture\Nand electricity.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.02,0:07:44.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It will be the biggest dam in the world\Nand will lift Egypt out of poverty
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.03,0:07:47.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,once and for all. "This project of the high dam
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.02,0:07:51.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will provide Egypt with water to double the
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.03,0:07:57.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,farms and will give power - electricity to\Nindustrialize Egypt."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.09,0:08:00.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But Nasser needs four hundred million\Ndollars to realize his dream,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.06,0:08:05.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an enormous sum in the 1950s.\NHis first port of call
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.09,0:08:09.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the West. "In the beginning, Nasser
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.95,0:08:15.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and all the revolution have no problem\Nwith the Americans. On the contrary, we can get help
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.54,0:08:20.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the Americans." The World Bank, backed by the United\NStates and Britain,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.01,0:08:24.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,agrees to give him a loan. At this point,\NNasser's relations with the Americans
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.09,0:08:27.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,seem close. "Nasser's favorite film
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.41,0:08:31.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is It's a Wonderful Life with Jimmy Stewart.\NHe really loves that
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.08,0:08:35.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,film and Washington arranges to send out\Na special copy of the film
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.10,0:08:40.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with Arabic subtitles." By 1956,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.01,0:08:43.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Egypt's glamorous young president is\Nconfident his plans to develop Egypt
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.84,0:08:47.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are on course, but Nasser has another\Nproblem,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.96,0:08:54.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which will destroy his plans.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.76,0:08:59.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"As the sporadic fighting takes on the\Nproportions of full-scale war,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.02,0:09:03.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dead and captured arms are the order of\Nthe day, as both Arabs and Israelis put
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.08,0:09:05.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their nations on a full mobilization\Nbasis."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.32,0:09:10.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{Explosions}
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.95,0:09:14.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nassar faught in the Arab armies defeated by\Nthe Israelis in 1948.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.27,0:09:19.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since then the Middle East's newest\Nstate has fought a border war with its
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.84,0:09:20.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Arab neighbors.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.07,0:09:23.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Israel's very existence is an affront
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.02,0:09:28.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to Nasser. "Nasser was at the time a great
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.21,0:09:32.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,danger and enemy. Very soon, it was clear\Nthat he aspires
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.71,0:09:36.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the unify the Arab world." "Nasser
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.07,0:09:39.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,made great speeches. He was handsome, he
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.02,0:09:43.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was eloquent. He carried fire with him,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.08,0:09:48.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was a catastrophe."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.04,0:09:55.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Israelis see themselves surrounded\Nby enemies,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.05,0:09:59.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fearing attack, they are desperately\Ntrolling the world for arms.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.69,0:10:02.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The Americans were very strict, they wouldn't supply us arms,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.64,0:10:07.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so did Great Britain, and I thought
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.01,0:10:10.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the only opening we have is France."
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.01,0:10:16.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,France agrees to supply Israel with the\NJewish state's
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.04,0:10:19.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,first jet fighters. To Nasser,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.03,0:10:23.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it looks like an increasingly powerful\Nenemy is at the gates.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.69,0:10:27.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The French are giving Israel arms, I am
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.01,0:10:31.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,confronting the situation that may distract my\Ncountry.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.06,0:10:35.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Should I stand still?"
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.01,0:10:40.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Nasser decides he too will look\Nabroad for arms.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.08,0:10:43.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As with the loan for his dam, his first\Ncall
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.00,0:10:47.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is on the United States. "Nasser, from the first
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.03,0:10:50.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,day of revolution, asks the Americans,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.06,0:10:53.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I need arms, our
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.10,0:10:56.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,army needs arms and he asked the British
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.04,0:11:00.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the same question. Neither the British
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.83,0:11:07.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nor the Americans gave a response on that." But\Nthis
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.46,0:11:13.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the 1950s, the depths of\Nthe Cold War,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.01,0:11:17.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the West and the Soviet Union are locked\Nin a battle for influence across the
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.05,0:11:17.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,world.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.15,0:11:21.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nasser knows that if Washington says no
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.02,0:11:28.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then maybe Nikita Khrushchev in\NMoscow will say yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.05,0:11:34.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Egypt flexes its military muscles with\Nthe display of arms newly acquired from
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.06,0:11:35.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Russia and its satellites."
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.02,0:11:39.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first arms from the Soviet bloc
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.09,0:11:42.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,land in Alexandria on the 27th of\NSeptember,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.09,0:11:45.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1955. The deal as a triumph for Khrushchev,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.05,0:11:49.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who is keen to extend Communist\Ninfluence in the region.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.07,0:11:52.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"He didn't expect that countries would\Nbe communist immediately,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.00,0:11:56.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he's willing to wait. Egypt was\Nthe first great success for him.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.02,0:12:00.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was for Khrushchev a sign.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.03,0:12:03.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The kind of relationship he could have\Nwith many of the large states in
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.08,0:12:03.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,developing world.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.06,0:12:07.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And for the West, this was a very\Ndramatic achievement."
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.08,0:12:10.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But Nasser is not in Khrushchev's pocket,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.03,0:12:16.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as many in the West fear. "Nasser has\Nnever been a Communist, never, never
Dialogue: 0,0:12:16.05,0:12:19.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at all." "We are believer. I\Nam a believer, I believe in God. Nasser
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.03,0:12:23.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,used to believe in God. Nasser used to\Npray.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.04,0:12:26.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Communists don't believe in God.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.00,0:12:31.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nasser was an anti-communist.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.02,0:12:35.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The soviets knew full well he was an anti-communist.\NThey knew that he was putting communists
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.00,0:12:35.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in jail.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.07,0:12:38.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He didn't let those communists out of jail\Nwhen his relations improved with the
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.02,0:12:42.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Soviet Union, but both sides made a\Npragmatic
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.05,0:12:45.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,decision." But in Eden's view,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.08,0:12:49.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nasser does look like a communist stooge. The prime minister and the Americans
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.00,0:12:52.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,decide to punish him for cutting a deal\Nwith the Soviets.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.09,0:12:56.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their response is to mount a covert\Ncampaign against Nasser,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.04,0:13:01.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,code-named Omega. "Omega includes\Npropaganda
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.00,0:13:05.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to provide information to journalists, to\Nbroadcasters,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.03,0:13:09.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that say, "Nasser really isn't a very good\Nperson, can you please report this?"
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.08,0:13:11.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.07,0:13:15.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Omega also includes sanctions against\NEgypt. It includes
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.02,0:13:20.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,locking military aid to Egypt." Then
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.06,0:13:24.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as part of this undeclared war, a secret\Ndecision is taken to slow down financing
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.04,0:13:26.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the Aswan dam.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.09,0:13:30.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anthony Eden and the US Secretary of\NState, John Foster Dulles,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.09,0:13:33.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are behind the new strategy. "I think
Dialogue: 0,0:13:34.00,0:13:38.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dulles was angry with Nasser for having
Dialogue: 0,0:13:38.04,0:13:42.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,almost flaunted his independence. I really\Nthink that
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.05,0:13:46.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dulles believed that Nasser's\Nbehavior was
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.03,0:13:54.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,almost a personal affront him.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:54.07,0:13:58.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In London, Eden's mistrust of Nasser is\Nincreased by some mysterious
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.07,0:14:01.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,intelligence reports which have just\Nlanded on his desk.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.77,0:14:05.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are from an MI6 contact known as\N"Lucky Break".
Dialogue: 0,0:14:05.05,0:14:10.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lucky Break tells Eden that Nasser is a\Npawn of the Soviet Union
Dialogue: 0,0:14:10.10,0:14:15.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the Egyptian people will welcome his\Noverthrow. "From reading the reports in MI6
Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.13,0:14:19.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is giving to British officials and\Ngiving to the Americans,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.03,0:14:23.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think they're taking a few sources and\Ntheir sexing them up.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.05,0:14:27.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No one individual
Dialogue: 0,0:14:27.78,0:14:33.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could have provided the information that\NNasser was so close to the Soviets,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:33.01,0:14:37.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that Nasser was so vulnerable to being\Noverthrown,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.07,0:14:40.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if not assinated, because that was
Dialogue: 0,0:14:40.09,0:14:45.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not true, that simply was not true."
Dialogue: 0,0:14:46.06,0:14:49.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But "Lucky Break" is telling the British\NPrime Minister
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.01,0:14:55.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what he wants to hear them. The firm attitude that the\Ngovernment have adopted is not (quote fades)
Dialogue: 0,0:14:55.07,0:14:56.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Foreign Office Minister Anthony Nutting
Dialogue: 0,0:14:57.03,0:15:00.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is one of the first to realize just how\Nfar the Prime Minister
Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.09,0:15:02.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is now prepared to go. "Over an open line,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:05.44,0:15:08.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,having just said, 'it's me,' we started\Na violent argument on the telephone, and he
Dialogue: 0,0:15:09.01,0:15:09.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was really violent
Dialogue: 0,0:15:10.00,0:15:12.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in our conversation
Dialogue: 0,0:15:12.04,0:15:16.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and ended up by shouting at me, 'I don't\Nwant Nasser neutralized, I want him
Dialogue: 0,0:15:16.52,0:15:17.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,destroyed'."
Dialogue: 0,0:15:17.04,0:15:20.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were two-two people [unintelligible] in conversation:
Dialogue: 0,0:15:20.53,0:15:24.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eden and Nutting. Nutting said subsequently that Eden had said murder.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:24.01,0:15:28.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:28.07,0:15:29.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Operatives within MI6
Dialogue: 0,0:15:30.04,0:15:34.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,take the Prime Minister at his word. "What\Nyou have is Thomas of Becket situation
Dialogue: 0,0:15:35.04,0:15:36.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were Eden says will someone not
Dialogue: 0,0:15:36.06,0:15:41.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,make me rid of this turbulent Nasser." "I'm not\Nexaggerating.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:42.05,0:15:45.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nearly every month, nearly
Dialogue: 0,0:15:46.03,0:15:49.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every month, there was an attempt against Nasser.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:49.03,0:15:52.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From the West, either French
Dialogue: 0,0:15:52.01,0:15:56.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or British, or Israelis, nearly every month.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:57.05,0:16:01.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As Nasser was making a public speech in\NAlexandria,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.07,0:16:05.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a young man fired eight bullets at him.\NAll missed the Premier, but two of his aids
Dialogue: 0,0:16:06.02,0:16:06.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were wounded.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:06.07,0:16:09.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The plans just are are wildly out of\Ncontrol,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:09.09,0:16:12.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,putting nerve gas into the ventilation\Nsystem of
Dialogue: 0,0:16:13.03,0:16:17.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nasser's headquarters, trying to put poison\Ninto Nasser's coffee,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:17.03,0:16:24.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trying at some point to possibly shoot\NNasser.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:27.07,0:16:31.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If Lucky Break did not exist in 1956, he would\Nhave had to be created
Dialogue: 0,0:16:32.02,0:16:39.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to justify their extravagant plans to\Nget rid of Nasser.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:49.04,0:16:53.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the 19th of July, 1956, the Egyptian\Nambassador to the USA
Dialogue: 0,0:16:54.02,0:16:58.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is called into the state department. He is\Ninformed that the financing up the Aswan
Dialogue: 0,0:16:58.05,0:17:00.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dam is cancelled.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:01.01,0:17:05.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If the West can't assassinate Nasser,\Nthen they will destroy his dreams to
Dialogue: 0,0:17:05.04,0:17:06.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,develop Egypt.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:06.06,0:17:11.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To add insult to injury, president Nasser\Nonly learns of the decision from the
Dialogue: 0,0:17:11.08,0:17:12.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,radio news.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:12.08,0:17:16.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was surprised by the insultive attitude
Dialogue: 0,0:17:17.45,0:17:21.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which the refusal was declared,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:21.02,0:17:24.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not by the refusal itself, but the
Dialogue: 0,0:17:24.06,0:17:30.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,insultive attitude and- which\Nmeant humiliation. Now
Dialogue: 0,0:17:31.03,0:17:35.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nasser has two choices, he can meekly except\Nthe West's punishment,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:35.09,0:17:38.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or he can fight. Three days later,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:39.05,0:17:44.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he gathers his most trusted lieutenants\Ntogether. "President Nasser
Dialogue: 0,0:17:44.09,0:17:51.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ordered me to bring him the file on the\NSuez Canal.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:53.10,0:17:58.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he told me 'what about nationalizing this canal?'"
Dialogue: 0,0:17:59.03,0:18:03.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I got surprised
Dialogue: 0,0:18:03.79,0:18:06.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but internally
Dialogue: 0,0:18:07.78,0:18:11.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in myself, I got proud to think about
Dialogue: 0,0:18:12.39,0:18:15.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this action at that time.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:15.55,0:18:18.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I felt proud."
Dialogue: 0,0:18:18.84,0:18:21.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nasser calculates that the Aswan dam\Ncan still be built,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:22.45,0:18:25.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if the tolls have ships transiting the\NSuez Canal come to Egypt
Dialogue: 0,0:18:26.33,0:18:29.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not the British and French\Ncontrolled Suez Canal Company.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:29.89,0:18:33.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But Nasser knows that nationalization is a\Nhuge risk,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:34.17,0:18:38.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he will have to physically seize control\Nof the canal itself.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:38.29,0:18:43.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The next day he is scheduled to make his\Nfirst speech since his humiliation at
Dialogue: 0,0:18:43.02,0:18:46.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the hands of the West. All Egypt\Nwaits for his response.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:46.53,0:18:50.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:50.67,0:18:53.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The speech is an anti-climax. "It was all\Nrhetoric.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:54.63,0:18:58.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The reaction of Egyptians was 'Oh, that\Nhe hasn't got the balls
Dialogue: 0,0:18:59.10,0:19:03.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to really stand up to the United States. But\Nafterwards
Dialogue: 0,0:19:03.79,0:19:06.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nasser orders an old military colleague,\NMahmoud Eunice,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:07.02,0:19:11.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to mastermind the dangerous job taking\Nphysical control of the canal.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:11.18,0:19:14.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eunice selects 30 man he can trust.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:14.09,0:19:17.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eunice emphasized that, if
Dialogue: 0,0:19:18.04,0:19:21.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this peace of news
Dialogue: 0,0:19:21.05,0:19:24.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is released then
Dialogue: 0,0:19:24.07,0:19:27.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it will surely
Dialogue: 0,0:19:27.09,0:19:31.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not succeed. Three days later,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:32.04,0:19:36.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nasser is scheduled to speak publicly\Nagain. The men know their queue for
Dialogue: 0,0:19:36.07,0:19:39.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,action is a password hidden in the\NPresident's speech,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:39.08,0:19:42.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which will be carried on Egyptian radio.\NThe password
Dialogue: 0,0:19:43.04,0:19:47.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the name of the man who designed the\Ncanal, Ferdinand de Lesseps.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:47.06,0:19:51.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As they wait, they still don't know if\Ntheir President has definitely decided
Dialogue: 0,0:19:52.04,0:19:53.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to take the gamble.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:53.08,0:19:56.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"My feelings were combination
Dialogue: 0,0:19:57.05,0:20:00.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of first, fear,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:01.00,0:20:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and of course the sense of
Dialogue: 0,0:20:05.01,0:20:08.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,responsibility. This
Dialogue: 0,0:20:09.00,0:20:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is tremendous.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:19.08,0:20:24.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the stifling July heat, Nasser makes his\Nway to Alexandria's Mansheya Square,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:25.05,0:20:30.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where he is to deliver his speech. Once\Nagain his people wait to hear if he
Dialogue: 0,0:20:30.01,0:20:31.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will respond to the West's
Dialogue: 0,0:20:31.05,0:20:35.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,denial of funding for the Aswan dam.\NAt 9pm,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:36.00,0:20:41.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nasser climbs the podium. The speech is long.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:41.02,0:20:46.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nasser catalogs the centuries of\Nhumiliations the Egyptians have suffered
Dialogue: 0,0:20:46.06,0:20:50.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the hands of the West.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:51.00,0:20:54.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is an attitude of such arrogance towards other peoples. We will not be manipulated.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:54.79,0:20:55.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:55.08,0:20:57.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His tone is measured but angry.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:58.07,0:21:01.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today we are going to get rid of what happened in the past.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:02.02,0:21:07.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:08.01,0:21:11.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the canal, Esset and his men are in\Nposition,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:11.02,0:21:14.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ready for the signal, but after two hours,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:14.09,0:21:17.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it still hasn't come.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:18.05,0:21:25.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Every year the Company earn 35 million pounds sterling. This money should be ours.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:26.01,0:21:29.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then the moment of truth
Dialogue: 0,0:21:29.09,0:21:33.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I imagined I had seen Ferdinand De Lesseps."
Dialogue: 0,0:21:34.01,0:21:38.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the signal, Eunice, Esset and their\Nmen, simultaneously break into the
Dialogue: 0,0:21:38.05,0:21:40.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,four main offices ot the Suez Canal\NCompany.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:41.02,0:21:45.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Alexandria, Nasser leaves nothing to\Nchance.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:45.02,0:21:48.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He repeats the password a total of 14\Ntimes.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:49.00,0:21:52.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:52.09,0:21:54.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:55.06,0:21:59.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the Canal Company headquarters, Eunice\Ninforms the European employees that the
Dialogue: 0,0:22:00.01,0:22:01.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,company has been nationalized.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:02.00,0:22:03.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He is polite,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:03.07,0:22:07.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but he is also armed. Attempts sabotage\Nor obstruction by the employees
Dialogue: 0,0:22:08.06,0:22:11.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will not be tolerated. "They were very
Dialogue: 0,0:22:12.01,0:22:16.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,astonished and afraid.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:16.01,0:22:19.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We tried to calmed them down and
Dialogue: 0,0:22:19.06,0:22:22.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,asked them to continue work
Dialogue: 0,0:22:23.51,0:22:26.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as if nothing has happened."
Dialogue: 0,0:22:26.07,0:22:30.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Back in Alexandria, Nasser now reveals to\Nthe world
Dialogue: 0,0:22:31.00,0:22:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what the employees at the Suez Canal\NCompany have just discovered.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:43.09,0:22:46.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Some of your fellow citizens have just taken over the Canal." Across Egypt, there is pandemonium. "It was a.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:47.07,0:22:51.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bombshell, of course, absolute bombshell. We\Nlisten to this thing
Dialogue: 0,0:22:51.09,0:22:55.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nobody expected." "People were rioting
Dialogue: 0,0:22:56.01,0:22:59.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the street.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:59.03,0:23:02.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I celebrated with all Egyptians."
Dialogue: 0,0:23:02.04,0:23:04.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Suez Canal Company shall be nationalized. All Company assets shall be transferred to the state. The Company is under new management.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:04.09,0:23:11.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:13.08,0:23:19.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:19.09,0:23:21.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The employees at the newly nationalized\Ncompany
Dialogue: 0,0:23:22.07,0:23:25.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,do not join in the celebrations. "I\Nremember that
Dialogue: 0,0:23:26.01,0:23:29.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of them said, 'You do not
Dialogue: 0,0:23:29.09,0:23:32.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to realize the impact
Dialogue: 0,0:23:33.00,0:23:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the reactions from the West.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:36.02,0:23:39.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because the West cannot leave
Dialogue: 0,0:23:39.00,0:23:42.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this international waterway
Dialogue: 0,0:23:42.06,0:23:45.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in incapable hands.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:46.05,0:23:50.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In London,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:51.03,0:23:55.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eden is enjoying post-dinner brandys\Nwith military and diplomatic top brass
Dialogue: 0,0:23:55.01,0:23:56.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at No. 10.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:56.08,0:23:59.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When news of Nasser's actions comes\Nthrough,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:59.08,0:24:02.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he is furious. "We all know this is how
Dialogue: 0,0:24:03.04,0:24:07.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fascist governments behave and we all\Nremember,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:07.01,0:24:10.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only too well, what the cost can be
Dialogue: 0,0:24:11.06,0:24:15.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in giving in to Fascism." The former commanding\Nofficer
Dialogue: 0,0:24:16.06,0:24:20.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of our battalion described, in his usual blunt way\Nto me, he said that
Dialogue: 0,0:24:20.09,0:24:24.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the moment you mentioned the name Nasser,\NEden practically
Dialogue: 0,0:24:25.02,0:24:30.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,got down and chewed the carpet.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:30.05,0:24:33.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in the United States, initial\Nreaction is less belligerent.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:34.37,0:24:38.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eisenhower dispatches John Foster Dulles\Nto London,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:38.02,0:24:42.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to calm me Eden down. Dulles carries with him\Na letter from the President.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:43.03,0:24:46.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The letter said that, under no circumstances,\Nwithin
Dialogue: 0,0:24:46.03,0:24:49.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,American public opinion or the american\Ngovernment support use of force in the
Dialogue: 0,0:24:50.16,0:24:54.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Middle East." But Eden has already made\Nhis decision.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:54.08,0:24:57.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The next morning, Eisenhower had a
Dialogue: 0,0:24:58.17,0:25:01.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cable from Eden,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:01.01,0:25:05.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stating the explicitly that the\Ngovernment had decided that they were
Dialogue: 0,0:25:06.06,0:25:07.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,going to get rid of Nasser,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:08.02,0:25:12.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that this is the only alternative, that\Nthere was a firm decision, they were
Dialogue: 0,0:25:12.54,0:25:13.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,going to change it,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:13.66,0:25:17.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that was that."
Dialogue: 0,0:25:17.76,0:25:20.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Essentially, the British and French reaction
Dialogue: 0,0:25:20.09,0:25:25.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the Suez Crisis, captivated\Ntwo principles,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:26.16,0:25:29.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about which we have heard quite a lot\Nrecently.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:29.53,0:25:32.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One was regime change, feeling that Nasser must go.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:32.54,0:25:35.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The other was preemptive
Dialogue: 0,0:25:36.25,0:25:39.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,self-defense. Eden's justification for\Nthis
Dialogue: 0,0:25:39.08,0:25:43.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the belief that Nasser is a Soviet\Npuppet, a direct threat
Dialogue: 0,0:25:43.10,0:25:47.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to British interests. Lucky Break's\Nintelligence has told him so.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:48.05,0:25:52.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the intelligence is wrong. In moscow,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:52.18,0:25:55.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nikita Kruschev knows nothing of Nasser's\Nplans.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:55.18,0:26:00.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"When he nationalized the canal, it was\Na surprise for the Soviet Union also.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:00.07,0:26:04.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He didn't take their permission or anything."
Dialogue: 0,0:26:04.08,0:26:08.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Even once he had made this decision, a few days before\Nthe announcement, he didn't tell the Soviets.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:08.92,0:26:12.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he didn't tell them for an obvious\Nreason, he knew what their reaction
Dialogue: 0,0:26:12.08,0:26:16.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would be. Moscow would tell him, "Don't do\Nit." The West
Dialogue: 0,0:26:17.53,0:26:23.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,saw Moscow as the ginger man in the\Nstory, as provoking Nasser to be more and
Dialogue: 0,0:26:23.91,0:26:23.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more aggressive.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:24.67,0:26:28.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, Moscow was doing the opposite."\NMeanwhile,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:29.51,0:26:33.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the newly nationalized canal, the\Natmosphere is tense.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:33.02,0:26:37.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nasser knows that Edan does not expect\Nthe Egyptians will be able to run the
Dialogue: 0,0:26:37.80,0:26:38.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,canal.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:38.04,0:26:41.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Critical to its running, are the three\Nhundred pilots,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:41.10,0:26:45.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nearly all European, who guide each ship\Nfrom one end to the other.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:46.03,0:26:49.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Without these pilots, the traffic will
Dialogue: 0,0:26:49.05,0:26:52.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will never start, canal will stop."
Dialogue: 0,0:26:52.08,0:26:55.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We noticed that after
Dialogue: 0,0:26:55.89,0:26:58.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the summer leave is over, some
Dialogue: 0,0:26:59.55,0:27:03.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,did not come back. We also notice
Dialogue: 0,0:27:03.56,0:27:07.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that some are selling their cars."
Dialogue: 0,0:27:07.04,0:27:10.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"In fourteenth of September,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:10.92,0:27:13.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at twelve o'clock, they declared
Dialogue: 0,0:27:14.52,0:27:19.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we stop work." Seven weeks after nationalization,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:27:19.06,0:27:23.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the British Prime Minister has secretly\Ninstructed the pilots to abandon the
Dialogue: 0,0:27:23.78,0:27:23.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,canal.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:24.37,0:27:27.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"It was now an exam, in
Dialogue: 0,0:27:27.07,0:27:30.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which if we failed, then soon,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:31.04,0:27:37.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then soon the Suez Canal would be lost. \NEgypt's hopes rest on the shoulders of the
Dialogue: 0,0:27:37.07,0:27:39.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,26-year-old trainee pilot Ali Nasri,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:40.53,0:27:44.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who, with only a fortnight's training, has\Nto take a ship through the canal.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:44.93,0:27:49.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"My first vessel was German and the\Ncaptain came and say,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:50.16,0:27:55.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,'You are from the new pilots?', I said, 'Yes\Nand this is my first time.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:55.02,0:27:59.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have to take a ship alone'."
Dialogue: 0,0:27:59.07,0:28:04.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The potential for disaster is huge. The\Ncanal is little over a hundred meters
Dialogue: 0,0:28:04.67,0:28:05.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wide at points.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:05.79,0:28:09.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ali Nasri fears a miscalculation could\Nsend his tanker into the bank's
Dialogue: 0,0:28:10.76,0:28:13.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,blocking the whole canal and proving\NEden right.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:14.05,0:28:19.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The feeling of responsibility makes me losing\Nsome confidence.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:19.90,0:28:23.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I couldn't see the buoys. You see the\Ngreen boys and red buoys.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:23.01,0:28:27.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I couldn't see any.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:28.17,0:28:32.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But by time, they [unintelligible], and they start to give orders.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:32.99,0:28:35.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:35.01,0:28:42.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Slowly his ship moves off down the canal.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:45.06,0:28:51.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"My orders, I executed immediately.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:51.10,0:28:53.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You keep the vessel in the middle, straight.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:54.07,0:28:57.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I start to feel happy, relax.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:57.07,0:29:00.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can see the way, the vessel was moving.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:01.01,0:29:07.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I start to feel easy-easy." Nasri's\Nprogress is followed with baited breath
Dialogue: 0,0:29:07.03,0:29:10.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the banks of the canal. I saw somebody
Dialogue: 0,0:29:10.08,0:29:13.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the road, somebody calling, "Pilot, Pilot."
Dialogue: 0,0:29:14.00,0:29:18.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, I look by the glass, and found him,\NMahmoud Younis himself.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:18.06,0:29:22.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Chairman standing in the road saying,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:23.02,0:29:26.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,'Good luck, go ahead."
Dialogue: 0,0:29:26.09,0:29:30.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,14 hours later, a ship piloted by an\NEgyptian has passed successfully through
Dialogue: 0,0:29:31.08,0:29:31.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the canal.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:32.06,0:29:35.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once again, there are celebrations in the\Nstreets.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:35.06,0:29:38.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"It is beyond any imagination
Dialogue: 0,0:29:39.06,0:29:42.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that gave the confidence
Dialogue: 0,0:29:42.06,0:29:45.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the Egyptian state that they can do
Dialogue: 0,0:29:46.02,0:29:49.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what the whole world thought
Dialogue: 0,0:29:49.05,0:29:55.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they cannot.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:56.06,0:30:00.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in London, Eden is still determined\Nto build a case for intervention.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:00.42,0:30:03.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Removing the pilots is only his opening\Ngambit.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:03.06,0:30:07.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now he decides to overwhelm the\Ninexperienced Egyptians
Dialogue: 0,0:30:07.56,0:30:13.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by forcing a gigantic fleet of tankers\Nthrough the canal.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:13.03,0:30:17.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Now the British had planned a nice\Nlittle scheme which would demonstrate to
Dialogue: 0,0:30:18.00,0:30:19.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the world Egyptians were incompetent at
Dialogue: 0,0:30:19.09,0:30:22.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,running the canal and they would have lots of\Nships, just poised and ready,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:23.68,0:30:26.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to go through the canal once the pilot's have been withdrawn."
Dialogue: 0,0:30:26.01,0:30:30.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Then instead of receiving, say 20 vessels at
Dialogue: 0,0:30:31.05,0:30:36.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Port Said, you receive 30, to make it more difficult
Dialogue: 0,0:30:36.56,0:30:43.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for any group to carry on as [unintelligible].
Dialogue: 0,0:30:43.08,0:30:46.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Exhausted, the 36 Egyptian pilots
Dialogue: 0,0:30:46.08,0:30:49.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and whatever foreign recruits they can\Nmuster, work day and night
Dialogue: 0,0:30:50.06,0:30:53.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to deny Eden his wish and to keep the\Ncanal running.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:53.10,0:30:56.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were working continuously.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:57.03,0:31:00.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,President Nasser, at that time,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:01.02,0:31:04.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was on the phone, on the wireless,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:04.06,0:31:08.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hour by hour."
Dialogue: 0,0:31:09.01,0:31:13.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Egyptians succeed in keeping the\Ncanal open, despite Eden's best efforts
Dialogue: 0,0:31:13.06,0:31:13.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at sabotage.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:14.06,0:31:17.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For a second time, the Prime Minister has\Nbeen foiled.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:18.03,0:31:21.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The whole world was
Dialogue: 0,0:31:21.07,0:31:24.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not expect, at all, that
Dialogue: 0,0:31:25.06,0:31:29.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Egypt would succeed in this severe
Dialogue: 0,0:31:29.06,0:31:32.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,exam. And some of the Western
Dialogue: 0,0:31:33.05,0:31:36.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,papers sugguested that the Egyptians
Dialogue: 0,0:31:36.09,0:31:39.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cultivate the Suez Canal area with
Dialogue: 0,0:31:40.02,0:31:43.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,potatoes, instead of running
Dialogue: 0,0:31:43.03,0:31:47.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Suez Canal." Eden is frustrated,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:48.00,0:31:53.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but Nasser feels vindicated. It is now\Nalmost three months since nationalization
Dialogue: 0,0:31:53.08,0:31:58.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the canal is still open for business.\NIt seems Aiden's plans to overthrow Nasser
Dialogue: 0,0:31:59.06,0:32:04.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and wrestle back control of the canal,\Nhave failed. The world can see no reason
Dialogue: 0,0:32:05.02,0:32:10.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for war. Then,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:10.07,0:32:14.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the 14th of October, two visitors from\Nthe French Ministry of Defence
Dialogue: 0,0:32:15.00,0:32:18.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,arrive to see a gloomy Prime Minister\Nat his country retreat,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:18.08,0:32:21.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Checkers. "The French had invented the\Nfollowing
Dialogue: 0,0:32:22.04,0:32:25.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,senario, that Israel should attack
Dialogue: 0,0:32:26.03,0:32:29.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Egypt. There upon, Britain and France, who
Dialogue: 0,0:32:29.08,0:32:34.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had forces in the neighborhood, should say,\N'We cannot allow this kind of war because
Dialogue: 0,0:32:34.10,0:32:37.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it will interfere with the Suez Canal, and therefore.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:38.01,0:32:41.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are going to intervene and hold the two\Ncountries apart.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:42.00,0:32:43.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I happened to be in Paris,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:46.09,0:32:48.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so the Minister of Defense called me in
Dialogue: 0,0:32:49.03,0:32:54.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and says, 'You ever thought about storming over Sinai?'
Dialogue: 0,0:32:55.00,0:33:01.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:02.01,0:33:05.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's how it started."
Dialogue: 0,0:33:05.10,0:33:07.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eden is enthusiastic about this\NFrench plan,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:08.08,0:33:12.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not only will he be able to seize the\Ncanal, he sees a way to bring about
Dialogue: 0,0:33:13.01,0:33:14.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nassar's downfall.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:14.06,0:33:17.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"To bomb Egypt, you
Dialogue: 0,0:33:18.00,0:33:22.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,create panic within the country, you link\Nthis
Dialogue: 0,0:33:22.02,0:33:26.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to an invasion - Israeli invasion, and\Nthe new government will emerge
Dialogue: 0,0:33:26.06,0:33:30.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Nasser will be no more. As Eden is\Nplotting in Britain,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:31.02,0:33:34.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the rest of the world is trying to\Nbroker a peace deal at the United
Dialogue: 0,0:33:34.05,0:33:34.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nations.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:35.02,0:33:38.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eden has reluctantly sent his foreign\Nsecretary,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:38.05,0:33:41.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Selwyn Lloyd, to meet with the French and\NEgyptians in New York.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:41.08,0:33:44.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To Lloyd's surprise, the talks are going\Nwell.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:45.01,0:33:48.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"He desperately hoped he would be able to\Nmake
Dialogue: 0,0:33:48.02,0:33:51.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,real progress in these talks in the United\NNations
Dialogue: 0,0:33:51.10,0:33:55.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and was encouraged by the Egyptian Foreign\NMinister, Fawzi's,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:56.07,0:34:01.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,willingness to talk over the subject." But\Njust as it seems progress is being made
Dialogue: 0,0:34:02.05,0:34:05.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the atmosphere changes, the attitude
Dialogue: 0,0:34:05.08,0:34:09.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Pireau, the French Foreign Minister,\Nwas very ambiguous.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:09.09,0:34:13.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From the beginning, he seemed to be\Nprepared
Dialogue: 0,0:34:14.01,0:34:19.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get down to real negotiations, but\Nthen halfway through,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:19.02,0:34:23.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he seemed to lose interest intirely and\Nwe wondered
Dialogue: 0,0:34:23.07,0:34:26.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what was going on and why. Eden,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:27.06,0:34:31.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,anxious that no deal is struck in New\NYork, telephones Lloyd and orders him to
Dialogue: 0,0:34:32.03,0:34:33.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,abandon the talks immediately.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:34.00,0:34:37.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Foreign Secretary, feeling he might\Nbe close to a solution,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:37.08,0:34:40.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is exasperated. Selwyn Lloyd
Dialogue: 0,0:34:41.01,0:34:44.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,probably thought that it was worthwhile\Ncontinuing with these discussions.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:45.01,0:34:48.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You might say like Hans Blix thought that he\Ncould do with a couple more months
Dialogue: 0,0:34:48.10,0:34:52.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of time to decide something very definite\Nabout the weapons of mass destruction
Dialogue: 0,0:34:53.08,0:34:57.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but Eden wasn't having any of it."
Dialogue: 0,0:34:58.00,0:35:02.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eden has another agenda and instructs\NLloyd and Logan to travel,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:02.07,0:35:05.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in secret, to a Parisian suburb called\NSe,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:06.01,0:35:09.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to finalize the plot with the French and\NIsraelis.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:09.03,0:35:13.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lloyd was desperately disappointed, but felt,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:13.04,0:35:17.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out of loyalty, that he had to do it but it\Nturned his stomach to do it
Dialogue: 0,0:35:18.00,0:35:22.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he hated it all the way through. The\Ndocument agreed on here,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:22.10,0:35:26.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,known as the Sev protocol, puts down in\Nblack and white the covert plan to
Dialogue: 0,0:35:27.06,0:35:28.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,invade Egypt
Dialogue: 0,0:35:28.07,0:35:32.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and fool the world. At the end, copies of\Nthe protocol are presented for
Dialogue: 0,0:35:33.04,0:35:33.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,signatures.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:34.01,0:35:38.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Patrick Dean, a Foreign Office official,\Nsigns on behalf of the British.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:38.07,0:35:41.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But Eden does not expect his desire\Nfor war
Dialogue: 0,0:35:42.06,0:35:45.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be confirmed in writing. "We returned late\Nthat night and took the
Dialogue: 0,0:35:46.06,0:35:50.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,document to him in No. 10 and his immediate reaction
Dialogue: 0,0:35:51.00,0:35:56.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was, 'Oh my god, I never expected it to be signed'." When this document finally emerged,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:56.06,0:35:59.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,forty years later, it confirmed how a\NBritish Prime Minister
Dialogue: 0,0:36:00.04,0:36:03.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had deceived the world and deliberately\Nengineered a war
Dialogue: 0,0:36:04.01,0:36:06.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the Middle East.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:07.00,0:36:12.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:12.58,0:36:16.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On October the 29th, the Israelis land a\Nparachute brigade
Dialogue: 0,0:36:16.06,0:36:21.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,deep in the Sinai, as agreed at Sev. Nasser\Nis awoken at 4am
Dialogue: 0,0:36:21.09,0:36:24.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and told the news. "You can take that he\Nwas surprised
Dialogue: 0,0:36:25.03,0:36:29.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not surprised. We were predicting
Dialogue: 0,0:36:29.87,0:36:34.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there would be an action against Egypt, but\Nwe have
Dialogue: 0,0:36:34.02,0:36:40.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no information from Israel." But the\NIsraeli advance towards the canal
Dialogue: 0,0:36:40.05,0:36:41.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a fake,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:41.06,0:36:44.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,designed purely to convince the world\Nthat the canal is threatened.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:45.01,0:36:48.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"It was about 40 kilometers from the canal or\N45 kilometers.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:48.07,0:36:51.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when you look at big maps then you can say
Dialogue: 0,0:36:52.00,0:36:56.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the drop was not far from the canal. There\Nwas enough to fulfill the needs of the
Dialogue: 0,0:36:56.05,0:36:56.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,British to say
Dialogue: 0,0:36:57.02,0:37:01.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the canal is threatened."
Dialogue: 0,0:37:01.09,0:37:04.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We didn't go into the motives and\Nconsideration of
Dialogue: 0,0:37:05.06,0:37:08.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,France and England because our aims were clear."
Dialogue: 0,0:37:09.02,0:37:14.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Israeli forces concentrate instead
Dialogue: 0,0:37:14.02,0:37:18.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on destroying the Egyptian army in Sinai\Nwhich they have long seen as a threat
Dialogue: 0,0:37:18.09,0:37:22.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to Israel's security. The attack takes\NNasser's commanders by surprise.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:23.08,0:37:26.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are quickly overwhelmed and forced\Nto retreat.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:26.10,0:37:29.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The following day, Britain and France
Dialogue: 0,0:37:30.00,0:37:35.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,issue their ultimatum as planned at Sev,\NIsrael and Egypt are to cease fighting
Dialogue: 0,0:37:35.04,0:37:39.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the two Western powers will intervene.\NEden knows
Dialogue: 0,0:37:40.03,0:37:43.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is an ultimatum that Nasser cannot\Naccept.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:43.05,0:37:47.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the evening of the 30th of October,\Nthe ultimatum expires.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:47.10,0:37:54.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:37:57.01,0:38:02.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Shortly afterwards, Nasser hears planes in\Nthe skies above Cairo.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:02.08,0:38:07.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I was with the Indonesian ambassador and there\Nwere the air warning
Dialogue: 0,0:38:08.03,0:38:10.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then
Dialogue: 0,0:38:10.74,0:38:14.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,came the blackout. I listened
Dialogue: 0,0:38:15.08,0:38:20.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there was the jet airplanes and I said to\Nthe Indonesian
Dialogue: 0,0:38:20.05,0:38:24.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ambassador these are British."
Dialogue: 0,0:38:24.06,0:38:28.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now Nasser realizes just how much Eden is\Nprepared to gamble.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:28.87,0:38:32.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I hadn't thought at all that Britain would do
Dialogue: 0,0:38:32.00,0:38:35.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,any attack against us because it was clear
Dialogue: 0,0:38:35.09,0:38:38.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that any attack against us would effect
Dialogue: 0,0:38:38.10,0:38:41.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the British position all over the Arab countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:42.06,0:38:45.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And would mean the end of the British relations and
Dialogue: 0,0:38:46.02,0:38:50.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,influence in the Middle East.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:50.06,0:38:53.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As the bombs fall, a frightened\NEgyptian population
Dialogue: 0,0:38:53.10,0:38:56.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rush to join civilian militias. "Most of\Nus,
Dialogue: 0,0:38:57.06,0:39:00.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the young people, decided that we're going to\Ndefend the country."
Dialogue: 0,0:39:01.00,0:39:05.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We really didn't know what we're gonna\Ndo because our training was very cursory.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:05.05,0:39:08.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It included one clip of live ammunition.\NWhen we joined,
Dialogue: 0,0:39:09.37,0:39:13.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,first thing they did was they give us\Nthose cases of Kalashnikov rifles
Dialogue: 0,0:39:13.03,0:39:17.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,right out of the boxes with Greece,\Nand they said, 'Okay, here is your rifle.'"
Dialogue: 0,0:39:17.87,0:39:21.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This makeshift civilian army
Dialogue: 0,0:39:21.04,0:39:24.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now waits for the arrival of British\Nparatroopers.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:24.04,0:39:27.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"You hear a lot of fire, people flying
Dialogue: 0,0:39:27.09,0:39:30.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rifles and firing in the air. We don't-
Dialogue: 0,0:39:31.04,0:39:35.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know, everybody is a parachutist, you know.\NAny noise you think somebody had just
Dialogue: 0,0:39:35.09,0:39:38.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,come from sky. So it was a very very
Dialogue: 0,0:39:39.03,0:39:43.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tense moment and we were scared."
Dialogue: 0,0:39:43.06,0:39:46.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But Cairo, where Talaat Badrawi and\Nother volunteers are waiting
Dialogue: 0,0:39:47.06,0:39:51.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is not the target for the British\Nparatroopers assault. Port Said,
Dialogue: 0,0:39:51.10,0:39:55.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the mouth of the canal, is where\NBritain will begin the reconquest
Dialogue: 0,0:39:56.04,0:40:03.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Egypt.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:03.08,0:40:09.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After five days of aerial bombardment,\N668 British paratroopers land in Port Said.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:10.01,0:40:16.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The city quickly finds itself under\Noccupation,
Dialogue: 0,0:40:16.06,0:40:20.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but its population is determined not to\Ngive Eden the easy victory
Dialogue: 0,0:40:20.09,0:40:24.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he has anticipated. "And then they landed,
Dialogue: 0,0:40:25.00,0:40:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the British landed\Nin Port Said.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:28.01,0:40:31.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So of course we wanted to wipe them\Nout."
Dialogue: 0,0:40:31.03,0:40:34.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"All the people have
Dialogue: 0,0:40:34.06,0:40:38.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,arms and guns and machine guns. They shoot at the airplanes
Dialogue: 0,0:40:38.08,0:40:41.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and every Egyptian people are ready to\Nsacrifice himself
Dialogue: 0,0:40:42.07,0:40:46.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to- to defend his country." \NAs the resistance mobilizes,
Dialogue: 0,0:40:47.04,0:40:50.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the British Prime Minister is insisting\Nto the world
Dialogue: 0,0:40:50.00,0:40:53.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that his actions are right, legal, and\Nmorally sound.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:54.03,0:41:00.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"All my life, I've been a man a man of peace.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:00.08,0:41:03.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Working for peace, striving for peace,
Dialogue: 0,0:41:04.03,0:41:07.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,negotiating for peace
Dialogue: 0,0:41:07.08,0:41:12.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm still the same, with the same\Nconviction,
Dialogue: 0,0:41:13.02,0:41:16.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,same diversion to peace.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:16.04,0:41:19.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I'm utterly
Dialogue: 0,0:41:19.04,0:41:24.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,convinced the action we have taken is\Nright."
Dialogue: 0,0:41:24.82,0:41:26.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As Eden is speaking,
Dialogue: 0,0:41:26.04,0:41:29.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Port Said is burning.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:29.09,0:41:32.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"There were two streets
Dialogue: 0,0:41:33.05,0:41:36.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm Abbas Street and Adadi
Dialogue: 0,0:41:36.06,0:41:39.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Street. These were mainly slums of wooden huts.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:40.02,0:41:43.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they shot powder
Dialogue: 0,0:41:43.06,0:41:47.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at this homes and they were all set\Nablaze. One would see so many
Dialogue: 0,0:41:48.05,0:41:51.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,homes burned, from the start to the end\Nof the street.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:52.01,0:41:56.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This homes were all burned.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:56.00,0:41:59.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I saw corpses down the streets that\Nnobody
Dialogue: 0,0:41:59.03,0:42:02.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could bury and they brought small\Nwagons,
Dialogue: 0,0:42:02.00,0:42:05.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,usually used to sell vegetables, and put\Nsix
Dialogue: 0,0:42:05.06,0:42:09.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or seven corpses on every wagon to\Ntake them to the graveyard,
Dialogue: 0,0:42:09.09,0:42:12.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to be buried there and I saw two corpses
Dialogue: 0,0:42:13.04,0:42:16.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which were flattened to the ground all\Ntogether.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:16.05,0:42:21.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were crushed by tanks."
Dialogue: 0,0:42:21.08,0:42:26.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The war is barely a week old, hundreds of\NEgyptian civilians have already been
Dialogue: 0,0:42:26.09,0:42:27.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,killed in the bombing campaign
Dialogue: 0,0:42:28.07,0:42:34.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and more die in the street fighting that\Nfollows.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:34.09,0:42:36.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:42:37.04,0:42:41.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is at this point that Eden hopes a\Nterrified Egyptian population
Dialogue: 0,0:42:41.05,0:42:46.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will rise up to overthrow Nasser. "They do\Nnot understand what Egypt
Dialogue: 0,0:42:46.07,0:42:51.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is. They were completely wrong. The\NEgyptians were- all of them- were
Dialogue: 0,0:42:51.10,0:42:58.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where at one heart behind Nasser."
Dialogue: 0,0:42:59.09,0:43:01.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"When they feel a foreign threat,
Dialogue: 0,0:43:02.55,0:43:05.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people come together and that's what happened exactly."
Dialogue: 0,0:43:05.07,0:43:10.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Egyptian Armed Forces may be\Nhopelessly outgunned,
Dialogue: 0,0:43:11.60,0:43:14.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but Nasser and his government remain in\NCairo.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:14.07,0:43:17.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Plans are made to begin a guerrilla war,
Dialogue: 0,0:43:17.07,0:43:20.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,should the army be overwhelmed. "A popular\Narmy
Dialogue: 0,0:43:21.00,0:43:24.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to fight in the canals, in the streets, in the countryside, in the ports."
Dialogue: 0,0:43:24.05,0:43:28.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We were hiding
Dialogue: 0,0:43:28.58,0:43:31.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,arms all over the villages, everywhere in\NEgypt;
Dialogue: 0,0:43:31.08,0:43:35.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So even if the troops, they\Ncame to invade Egypt, we will fight- we
Dialogue: 0,0:43:36.06,0:43:37.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will resist."
Dialogue: 0,0:43:38.10,0:43:41.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And to prevent the British taking the\Ncanal,
Dialogue: 0,0:43:41.84,0:43:45.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nassar orders ships to be sunk and the\Ncanal blocked.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:45.01,0:43:49.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eden's invasion has succeeded in\Nobstructing the very waterway
Dialogue: 0,0:43:49.32,0:43:53.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is trying to save and that is in the\NPrime Minister's only miscalculation.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:53.05,0:43:56.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Suez Crisis suddenly increases the\Ntemperature
Dialogue: 0,0:43:56.09,0:43:59.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the Cold War. "Burning buildings and\Nbitter street fighting,
Dialogue: 0,0:44:00.04,0:44:05.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,signal the release of long, pent-up resentment."
Dialogue: 0,0:44:05.10,0:44:07.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,2,000 kilometers away, in Budapest,
Dialogue: 0,0:44:08.06,0:44:12.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Soviet Union's empire in Europe is\Nthreatened by a popular uprising.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:13.00,0:44:17.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The red star has been ripped, the hated symbol of communism is effaced
Dialogue: 0,0:44:17.02,0:44:20.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where ever found." Nikita Kruschev
Dialogue: 0,0:44:20.08,0:44:23.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sees his ally Nasser coming under attack\Nin Cairo
Dialogue: 0,0:44:24.00,0:44:27.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and realizes that Soviet prestige\Nappears to be crumbling
Dialogue: 0,0:44:27.07,0:44:30.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on two continents. "He feels
Dialogue: 0,0:44:31.05,0:44:35.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the West is taking advantage of him\Nwhen he is down,
Dialogue: 0,0:44:36.01,0:44:39.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that that British and the French are\Nwatching his troubles in eastern Europe
Dialogue: 0,0:44:39.04,0:44:42.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and see that they have an opportunity to\Ndeal with one of his allies now because
Dialogue: 0,0:44:43.03,0:44:44.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he is distracted.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:44.06,0:44:47.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His reaction was the reaction of\Npolitical leader
Dialogue: 0,0:44:48.03,0:44:52.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who is fearful, surprised, and
Dialogue: 0,0:44:52.06,0:44:56.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,angry at the same time. Kruschev
Dialogue: 0,0:44:57.01,0:45:01.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,uses the city of Budapest to send a\Nbloody message to the West,
Dialogue: 0,0:45:01.05,0:45:08.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as recent research has uncovered.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:08.09,0:45:11.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We have the Politburo minutes and it makes clear
Dialogue: 0,0:45:11.09,0:45:15.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what's going on here. He wants to send a\Nsignal to them that no, Soviet Union is as
Dialogue: 0,0:45:16.82,0:45:16.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,powerful as ever.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:17.79,0:45:20.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You cannot mess with me, either in the\NMiddle East
Dialogue: 0,0:45:21.25,0:45:26.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or in Eastern Europe." Then
Dialogue: 0,0:45:27.03,0:45:31.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kruschev ups the stakes. Lacking\Nconventional forces in the Middle East
Dialogue: 0,0:45:31.86,0:45:33.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help, Egypt against the British and\NFrench
Dialogue: 0,0:45:33.10,0:45:37.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he threatens the West with the doomsday\Noption. "He
Dialogue: 0,0:45:38.04,0:45:42.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,said to the world that, don't be\Nsurprised
Dialogue: 0,0:45:42.10,0:45:46.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if the consequences of your actions is\Nthat nuclear weapons will fall on
Dialogue: 0,0:45:47.04,0:45:53.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,London and Paris.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:54.03,0:45:55.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was the first time they had
Dialogue: 0,0:45:57.38,0:45:59.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ever made a nuclear threat." Suddenly,
Dialogue: 0,0:45:59.08,0:46:03.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it looks like Eden's adventure in Egypt\Nis going to end in Armageddon.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:04.01,0:46:09.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Somebody had a radio and we heard of\Nthat-
Dialogue: 0,0:46:09.05,0:46:12.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the Russians were threatening
Dialogue: 0,0:46:13.04,0:46:17.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to drop bombs on London, and the Chinese might\Nbe about to join in
Dialogue: 0,0:46:17.07,0:46:22.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,too. And that moment I did think, this\Nis really going to be
Dialogue: 0,0:46:23.01,0:46:28.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the third world war.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:28.06,0:46:31.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The threat of nuclear war
Dialogue: 0,0:46:32.03,0:46:36.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,concentrates minds in Washington, where\NPresident Eisenhower is already furious
Dialogue: 0,0:46:36.07,0:46:37.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the Prime Minister.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:38.01,0:46:41.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"United States was not consulted in any\Nway about
Dialogue: 0,0:46:41.05,0:46:44.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,any phase of these actions. Nor were we informed of\Nthem
Dialogue: 0,0:46:45.05,0:46:48.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in advance." "He was so angry with the\NBritish,
Dialogue: 0,0:46:49.02,0:46:53.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, he was really angry with the\NBritish. they'd gone
Dialogue: 0,0:46:53.07,0:46:58.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around his back and colluded with these\Nother guys."
Dialogue: 0,0:46:59.02,0:47:02.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:47:02.02,0:47:05.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In front of the world, the American\NSecretary of State
Dialogue: 0,0:47:05.00,0:47:08.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,condemns his country's oldest ally. "I\Ndoubt that any
Dialogue: 0,0:47:09.00,0:47:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,delegate ever spoke from this forum with as\Nheavy a heart
Dialogue: 0,0:47:14.00,0:47:17.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as I have brought here tonight."
Dialogue: 0,0:47:18.01,0:47:21.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Eden had the
Dialogue: 0,0:47:21.05,0:47:24.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,awful realization
Dialogue: 0,0:47:25.00,0:47:30.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that he had totally misjudged the\NAmerican aspect of the affair."
Dialogue: 0,0:47:30.08,0:47:34.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eden's plans are unraveling fast. He is\Nnot anticipated this level of hostility
Dialogue: 0,0:47:35.06,0:47:36.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the Americans,
Dialogue: 0,0:47:37.02,0:47:41.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nor from his own people. "If he is sincere in what he is saying, then he is too stupid to be a prime minister."
Dialogue: 0,0:47:42.01,0:47:46.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:47:46.07,0:47:50.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"There was demonstrations in London as big as\Ndemonstrations in Egypt."
Dialogue: 0,0:47:50.07,0:47:56.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"And there is only one way in which that they can even begin to restore that tarnished reputation. And that is to get out, get out, get out!"
Dialogue: 0,0:47:56.10,0:47:58.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:47:59.04,0:48:04.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:48:04.78,0:48:08.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The world sees photographs which show in\Ngrisly detail
Dialogue: 0,0:48:08.01,0:48:12.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the effects of the war on the Egyptian\Npeople. As opposition across the world
Dialogue: 0,0:48:12.92,0:48:12.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mounts,
Dialogue: 0,0:48:13.59,0:48:17.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,moral in Port Said soars. "People\Naround the world we're backing
Dialogue: 0,0:48:18.53,0:48:22.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you. In the West, we had the public\Nopinion with Egyptians."
Dialogue: 0,0:48:23.08,0:48:28.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Eden realizes he has fatally\Nmiscalculated the reaction
Dialogue: 0,0:48:28.80,0:48:31.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the Egyptian population to invasion.\N"If you ask me,
Dialogue: 0,0:48:32.34,0:48:38.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where they afraid? Yes, we were all\Nafraid, because nobody likes to die.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:38.84,0:48:43.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We used to live a daily natural life, but with\Nlittle commodities.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:44.73,0:48:47.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Limited food but people would stay
Dialogue: 0,0:48:48.55,0:48:51.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at cafes, listening to the radio, encouraging people to resist -
Dialogue: 0,0:48:52.51,0:48:58.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very special atmosphere."
Dialogue: 0,0:48:58.02,0:49:02.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nasser refuses to go into hiding. He\Ndetermines instead to rally his people
Dialogue: 0,0:49:02.09,0:49:04.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after Friday prayers at Cairo's
Dialogue: 0,0:49:04.01,0:49:08.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ancient Al Azar mosque.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:09.03,0:49:13.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We will fight from house to house, from village to village. We will fight and never surrender.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:13.09,0:49:18.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We will fight rather than live humiliated. We will fight to the last drop of blood. We're building our country, our history, our future.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:18.09,0:49:21.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:49:22.01,0:49:27.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:49:27.05,0:49:34.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:49:39.07,0:49:43.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In London, Eden is feeling the strain. He\Nhas failed to win the hearts and minds
Dialogue: 0,0:49:44.12,0:49:45.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the Egyptian people.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:45.07,0:49:49.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nasser is more popular than ever and now\Ncomes the decisive blow.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:50.29,0:49:54.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Britain's currency reserves have been\Nhemorrhaging since the bombing campaign
Dialogue: 0,0:49:54.59,0:49:54.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,began,
Dialogue: 0,0:49:55.26,0:49:59.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as dealers all over the world dump\Nsterling. "In those days,
Dialogue: 0,0:49:59.50,0:50:03.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Britain was the banker of the sterling\Narea. Britain saw
Dialogue: 0,0:50:03.97,0:50:10.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,immediate danger over the bottom falling\Nout of that."
Dialogue: 0,0:50:10.06,0:50:12.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When Eden appeals to the Americans for\Nfinancial help,
Dialogue: 0,0:50:13.05,0:50:17.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,President Eisenhower makes sure there\Nwill be no room for misunderstanding
Dialogue: 0,0:50:18.00,0:50:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this time. "Eisenhower's was quite firm, he said as soon as you agree to get out
Dialogue: 0,0:50:23.00,0:50:25.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and really are getting out, we willl help you,\Nbut not a minute before."
Dialogue: 0,0:50:27.12,0:50:29.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the 6th of November,
Dialogue: 0,0:50:30.08,0:50:33.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after nine days of war, Eden has no\Nchoice.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:34.00,0:50:38.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With British troops having advanced\Nlittle over 10 miles down the canal,
Dialogue: 0,0:50:38.07,0:50:43.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Prime Minister reluctantly calls a\Ncease-fire. If the United Nations will take over
Dialogue: 0,0:50:44.12,0:50:45.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this police action,
Dialogue: 0,0:50:45.04,0:50:49.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we shall welcome, indeed we prefer
Dialogue: 0,0:50:50.02,0:50:56.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that cause to them."
Dialogue: 0,0:50:56.06,0:51:03.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The arrival of United\NNations contingents at Port Said
Dialogue: 0,0:51:08.02,0:51:12.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,causes a sensation that nearly develops into a\Nriot by excitable Egyptians.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:12.06,0:51:15.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Of\Ncourse,
Dialogue: 0,0:51:15.07,0:51:19.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was jumping with joy. When the last\NBritish soldier left,
Dialogue: 0,0:51:20.01,0:51:26.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we used to say, "Go to hell." Plans\Nare made for United Nations troops to
Dialogue: 0,0:51:26.07,0:51:28.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,replace the British and French on the\Nground.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:28.09,0:51:31.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The cease-fire is a humiliating\Nclimbdown for Eden
Dialogue: 0,0:51:32.06,0:51:35.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and his commanders. "I have to say
Dialogue: 0,0:51:36.04,0:51:40.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that most of the offices in the regiment
Dialogue: 0,0:51:40.04,0:51:44.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,took it as a mortal blow. I think it was
Dialogue: 0,0:51:44.05,0:51:47.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very, very hard all professional soldiers\Nwho'd gone into this
Dialogue: 0,0:51:48.04,0:51:52.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,enterprise in good faith, thought that\Nthis was going to be the final
Dialogue: 0,0:51:52.01,0:51:56.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,roar of the British lion and suddenly found it\Nit was just a sort of a
Dialogue: 0,0:51:56.09,0:52:01.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mingy little squeak that achieved nothing." For\Nthe prime minister,
Dialogue: 0,0:52:02.04,0:52:07.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the pressure of failure is unbearable.\NWith Britain facing a winter fuel crisis
Dialogue: 0,0:52:07.04,0:52:08.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of the closure of the canal,
Dialogue: 0,0:52:09.02,0:52:12.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he leaves the country for Jamaica, his\Nhealth and career
Dialogue: 0,0:52:12.09,0:52:15.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,crumbling. So anthony, at the moment of departure may we ask you how you're feeling?"
Dialogue: 0,0:52:16.02,0:52:19.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The main thing I'm feeling
Dialogue: 0,0:52:20.01,0:52:23.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that I'm deeply sorry to have to leave
Dialogue: 0,0:52:23.04,0:52:27.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the country at this time."
Dialogue: 0,0:52:27.01,0:52:33.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Five weeks later, he is back but not for\Nlong.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:34.34,0:52:38.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eden never returned to frontline politics\Nand his reputation never recovered from
Dialogue: 0,0:52:38.63,0:52:40.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,taking Britain to war in the Middle East
Dialogue: 0,0:52:40.91,0:52:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,under false pretenses. Britain's\Nreputation was equally damaged.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:45.83,0:52:48.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Well it was a total utter disaster
Dialogue: 0,0:52:49.70,0:52:52.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it took us twenty years
Dialogue: 0,0:52:53.05,0:52:57.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to recover our rightful position as someone\Nwho was not
Dialogue: 0,0:52:57.72,0:53:00.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lord and master in that area, but a\Nfriend
Dialogue: 0,0:53:01.55,0:53:05.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to those states which will emerge after\Nmany centuries when we and the French
Dialogue: 0,0:53:06.09,0:53:09.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had ruled the roost." In Egypt,
Dialogue: 0,0:53:09.66,0:53:14.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Suez Crisis was the making of Nasser.\N"The 23rd of December,
Dialogue: 0,0:53:15.61,0:53:18.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1956 [unintelligible].
Dialogue: 0,0:53:19.16,0:53:22.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was the first day of the liberation of Port Said
Dialogue: 0,0:53:22.89,0:53:28.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the whole city was out to celebrate victory."
Dialogue: 0,0:53:28.03,0:53:31.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"At that time, he was, you know, he was\NGod, I have to tell you."
Dialogue: 0,0:53:31.08,0:53:34.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"President Nasser is a\Nhistoric hero."
Dialogue: 0,0:53:35.06,0:53:39.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the aftermath of the Suez Crisis,
Dialogue: 0,0:53:40.04,0:53:44.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nasser was fated all over the Arab world.\NHere at last was a leader who could
Dialogue: 0,0:53:44.10,0:53:45.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stand up to the West
Dialogue: 0,0:53:46.00,0:53:49.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and win. "And the Arabs at that time
Dialogue: 0,0:53:49.06,0:53:53.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,started to realize that Nasser was hero,
Dialogue: 0,0:53:53.10,0:53:56.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who was sent by god
Dialogue: 0,0:53:57.01,0:54:00.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to retrieve the Arabs from
Dialogue: 0,0:54:00.00,0:54:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many years of subordination." "Nasser,
Dialogue: 0,0:54:04.00,0:54:08.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a sense, was a big winner but with a\Nwin which set him up
Dialogue: 0,0:54:09.01,0:54:14.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be an awfully big loser because Nasser\Neventually came to believe his own
Dialogue: 0,0:54:14.06,0:54:14.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,propaganda that
Dialogue: 0,0:54:15.04,0:54:19.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he had won a great battle." A little over 10\Nyears later,
Dialogue: 0,0:54:19.06,0:54:23.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nasser decides that he is strong enough to\Nsettle old scores with the Israeli
Dialogue: 0,0:54:23.09,0:54:25.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,invaders of 1956.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:25.10,0:54:28.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"In 1967, he said, 'Last time,
Dialogue: 0,0:54:29.04,0:54:32.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we were fighting Israel, Britain, and\NFrance. We won then,
Dialogue: 0,0:54:33.02,0:54:38.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this time, Israel is alone."
Dialogue: 0,0:54:38.07,0:54:41.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is an appalling misjudgment. "In the\NSinai desert,
Dialogue: 0,0:54:42.05,0:54:45.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the wake of Egypt catastrophic\Nretreat, line Nasser's
Dialogue: 0,0:54:45.08,0:54:50.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wrecked tanks. The whole world hopes, that from\Ngreat victory and utter defeat, wisdom
Dialogue: 0,0:54:51.02,0:54:52.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will emerge and bring lasting peace
Dialogue: 0,0:54:52.09,0:54:55.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to this part of the world."
Dialogue: 0,0:54:56.01,0:54:59.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But instead of peace coming to the\NMiddle East,
Dialogue: 0,0:55:00.01,0:55:03.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the unresolved issues at the 1967 war,
Dialogue: 0,0:55:03.04,0:55:07.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the West Bank, and Gaza Strip, still\Npoison the region today.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:07.08,0:55:11.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:55:12.02,0:55:16.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The end of the Suez Crisis was also the\Nmoment a new power decided to take
Dialogue: 0,0:55:16.19,0:55:16.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,center stage
Dialogue: 0,0:55:17.17,0:55:21.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the Middle East. Within weeks at\Nthe end of the war,
Dialogue: 0,0:55:21.00,0:55:24.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,President Eisenhower, convinced that the\NBritish and French could no longer be
Dialogue: 0,0:55:25.02,0:55:27.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trusted to protect Western interests in\Nthe region,
Dialogue: 0,0:55:27.81,0:55:30.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,announces a fight for change in American\Npolicy.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:31.27,0:55:36.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He concludes that what the Middle East\Nneeds is more American involvement
Dialogue: 0,0:55:36.30,0:55:41.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not less. The Eisenhower doctrine said\Nwe're going to safeguard any country
Dialogue: 0,0:55:41.98,0:55:45.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is threatened by Communism within\Nthe Middle East. That's the old idea of
Dialogue: 0,0:55:45.51,0:55:49.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're either with us in Washington or with\Nus in Moscow and cuts out a third way
Dialogue: 0,0:55:49.52,0:55:49.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for Arab Nationalism.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:50.47,0:55:53.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The very factors which lead the Americans\Nkeep their distance
Dialogue: 0,0:55:53.80,0:55:56.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from Britain's in moving to aggressively\Nagainst Nasser in 1956,
Dialogue: 0,0:55:57.71,0:56:00.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they lose sight of those." "The occasion
Dialogue: 0,0:56:01.34,0:56:04.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has come for us, to show our deep respect\Nfor the rights
Dialogue: 0,0:56:05.12,0:56:08.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and independence of every nation, however\Ngreat,
Dialogue: 0,0:56:08.18,0:56:11.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,however small. We seek not violence, but peace.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:11.78,0:56:15.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:56:15.05,0:56:17.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is a policy which echoes from Suez
Dialogue: 0,0:56:18.00,0:56:21.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to today. "States like these
Dialogue: 0,0:56:21.01,0:56:24.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and their terrorist allies constitute\Nan
Dialogue: 0,0:56:24.05,0:56:28.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,axis of evil. I will now wait on a bench\Nwhile dangers gather.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:29.05,0:56:32.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The United States of America will not\Npermit
Dialogue: 0,0:56:32.05,0:56:35.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the world's most dangerous regimes to\Nthreaten us
Dialogue: 0,0:56:35.04,0:56:41.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the world's most destructive\Nweapons."
Dialogue: 0,0:56:42.10,0:56:47.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"This is not the time to falter, this is the\Ntime for this house to give a lead,
Dialogue: 0,0:56:47.08,0:56:50.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to show that we wil,l stand up for what\Nwe know to be right
Dialogue: 0,0:56:51.02,0:56:54.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to show that we will confront the\Ntyrannies
Dialogue: 0,0:56:54.02,0:57:01.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and dictatorships and terrorists who put\Nour way of life at risk."
Dialogue: 0,0:57:02.02,0:57:03.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The fact of the matter is
Dialogue: 0,0:57:03.02,0:57:07.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that Iraq could turn out in the long run\Nto be a Suez fifty years later.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:07.09,0:57:10.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But where as that will take years to find\Nout with Iraq, with Suez,
Dialogue: 0,0:57:11.62,0:57:17.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we found it out within a matter of weeks."\N
Dialogue: 0,0:57:17.03,0:57:21.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ordinary Egyptians have drawn their own\Nlessons from the Suez Crisis.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:21.05,0:57:25.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"There is a great difference between\Nresistance
Dialogue: 0,0:57:26.00,0:57:29.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and terroism.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:29.02,0:57:36.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was a patriot, defending my country.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:36.03,0:57:39.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The spirit of resistance is deeply rooted
Dialogue: 0,0:57:39.07,0:57:44.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in our country and in the area."
Dialogue: 0,0:57:45.01,0:57:48.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"When the US and Britain went into Iraq
Dialogue: 0,0:57:48.00,0:57:52.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the idea of being accepted with open arms and\Nso on,
Dialogue: 0,0:57:53.36,0:57:57.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was a very stupid idea. I mean
Dialogue: 0,0:57:57.03,0:58:00.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where did they ever come up with that idea. I don't know. They could have looked at the
Dialogue: 0,0:58:01.02,0:58:04.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,history books; they could have looked at the Suez\NCrisis, you know.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:04.06,0:58:07.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which is after all, it's only fifty years\Nago and they
Dialogue: 0,0:58:08.00,0:58:11.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could have learned that this will never happen, it will\Nnever happen.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:11.09,0:58:15.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, people will defend the country\Nthey would defend their land."
Dialogue: 0,0:58:16.06,0:58:19.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I am a human being, I have dignity. I don't
Dialogue: 0,0:58:20.03,0:58:24.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,except any foreigner to dominate me or\Nat else,
Dialogue: 0,0:58:24.09,0:58:31.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am a slave. Right or wrong?"
Dialogue: 0,0:58:39.01,0:58:42.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:58:43.02,0:58:46.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,