WEBVTT

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I'd like to start by asking you
a few questions.

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Please raise your hand
if you have a smartphone.

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OK. Is there anyone here
without a smartphone?

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Oh, I'm sorry.
(Laughter)

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Raise your hand if you have
a Facebook account.

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OK. Is there anyone here
without a Facebook account?

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Wow, I'll speak more slowly.
(Laughter)

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Is there anyone here that has more
than one Facebook account?

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OK, interesting.

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How about Twitter?
Instagram?

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Have you ever bought
something from Ebay?

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Amazon? Deal Extreme?
With that, you are very good.

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Is there anyone here that has bitcoins?

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OK, interesting.

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OK, last one.
Listen carefully.

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If you had to choose
between spending three days

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without your smartphone
or without your toothbrush,

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what would you choose?
(Laughter)

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Don't answer.
There are cameras here.

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Ever since I was a kid,
I was fascinated with computers.

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I loved taking them apart
and putting them back together.

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Putting them back together
didn't always work.

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Nevertheless, I learned a lot.

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But there was a downside to this,
as you would expect.

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Friends, and friends of friends,
and even their parents,

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used to call me and ask,

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"Do you have a spare minute?
I need you to fix my computer."

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It never took a minute.

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And I hated the fact that computers
had so many problems.

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One day, I decided, "Enough.

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From now on, I'm going to charge
anyone who wants me to fix his computer."

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Amazingly enough, that actually worked.

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People started paying me
to fix their computers.

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From that moment on, I loved the fact
that computers had so many problems.

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(Laughter)

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So at the age of 15,
I actually opened my first business

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together with a friend of mine
from school.

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And it was a huge success for us.

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We didn't have to take anymore money
from our parents.

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And we started with fixing computers

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and at some point we started
selling computers.

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But the most amazing thing
about this story

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is that so few people know it.

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This is actually the first time
I'm sharing this business card.

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I only took this picture four days ago
for the sake of this presentation.

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I'm from the last generation that knows

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how the world looked like
before the Internet.

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Now, keep that in mind, and think
about the children of our grandchildren.

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They will know us so well.

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I have no clue who was
my great grandfather.

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It could have been anyone.

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There is so little information
about past generations.

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And only selected few had received
this highest honor

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of having their life documented.

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Right, kings and philosophers.

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But for us, we document
our lives as we go.

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Every 60 seconds, 100 hours of movies
are being uploaded to YouTube.

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In those 60 seconds, approximately 40,000 
pictures are being posted on Instagram.

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And 350,000 tweets are being shared.

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So, future generations will have 
so much information about us,

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they wouldn't know what to do with it.

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They could know us so well,
but so could anyone else.

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Including our future potential boss

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that might approach
a new type of psychologist,

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that will be asked to determine whether
we fit for the job that we applied to.

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And he would do that
without even meeting us.

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Just by browsing through
the information we shared,

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and, yes, sometimes the information
we forgot we've shared.

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(Laughter)

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I have no excuse, I'm sorry.

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No one needs to meet us
in order to know us.

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So sometimes we will find out 
if we got the job

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even before we had the interview.

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Strange as it may sound,
today, 75% of employers

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are already browsing through
candidates' personal profiles

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before hiring them.

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One in every three admitted
having disqualified a candidate

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because of information found online.

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And we're becoming even better
at sharing information, right?

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So, amazing companies
are creating great tools

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that will help us share
more and more information.

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They do that because
they understand the great value

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in holding huge amounts of personal
information, of our infomation.

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We should think of them as a great machine

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that knows how to transform
personal data into profit.

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And they make billions of money.

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But I want to speak about
a different type of machines.

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Those machines also take personal data,
the same data,

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but they transform it
into National Security.

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Those are governments
and intelligence agencies.

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So, with Facebook, we know
how they get the information.

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We give it to them, free of charge.

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But how would intelligence agencies
get this information?

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It's not very easy to collect, right?

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But wait a minute.

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If someone already collected it,
maybe we can use it.

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So, many states understand now
that they have a great incentive

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to put a spy inside Facebook.

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But not just Facebook.

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Many companies in the private sector
are unwillingly becoming pawned

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in the national security games,
in the homeland security campaigns.

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You probably recognize this guy, right?

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This is Edward Snowden,
who worked for the NSA.

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The NSA is the National Security Agency.

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What do they do there, inside the NSA?

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In the world of intelligence, they are
called SIGINT Intelligence gathering Unit.

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SIGINT stands for Signals Intelligence.

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That means that the NSA,

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much like Facebook and Google and others,

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is in the business of collecting
digital data and processing it.

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So, every country in the world
has an agency

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that is responsible for SIGINT gathering.

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In the United States, it's the NSA.

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Edward Snowden worked there,

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and one day he decided to do something

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that completely changed the way
we speak about privacy.

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He took many documents and published them;

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many classified documents
from within the NSA, and published them.

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You should understand,
that until that point,

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people in my field of work
addressed NSA as No Such Agency.

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This is how we called them.

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But right now, we have so much information
about what is going on in there.

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So, one of the first things 
that Edward Snowden

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actually published,
revealed to the world

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this secret secret secret project,
named PRISM.

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This is what Edward Snowden published.

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This is what used to be
a top secret presentation.

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It was so secret that
only selected few inside the NSA

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were cleared to see it.

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While viewing this presentation,
we come to understand two amazing things.

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The first one, they design terrible
presentations inside the NSA.

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(Laughter)

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This design is unforgivable.
Seriously, guys.

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The second thing that we learned
is what PRISM is.

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PRISM is an intelligence
gathering program,

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through which the NSA actually
had access to private companies,

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to information that was stored
inside private companies,

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like Microsoft, Yahoo, Google
and Facebook, Skype, YouTube and Apple.

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The NSA could access those companies

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in order to gain access
to our information.

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Obviously these things
that Edward Snowden published

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created a lot of public criticism
surrounding the NSA, right?

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The public wasn't happy with that.

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So, someone had to tell
the other side of the story.

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The job fell on the shoulders
of this guy, General Keith Alexander,

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who until recently was 
the head of the NSA.

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So, his job was to demonstrate 
the trade-off.

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So if you have privacy in one hand,

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and national security in the other,

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and you want more national security,

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you should compromise privacy.
That's that.

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So, he tries to convince us that the NSA
is actually an efficient machine

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for transforming personal data
into national security.

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How did he do that?

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One of the things that he did,

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he went onstage at a big
cyber conference in Las Vegas.

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This conference is for hackers
and security professionals.

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I was sitting there in the audience
listening to him,

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and he said about PRISM
and other intelligence gathering programs

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that they were a vital tool
in stopping actual terrorist attacks.

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Oh my God!
What should we take from it?

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What should we take from the fact
that the NSA is using this information

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to stop terrorist attacks?

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It is now the undeniable truth
that the information that sits

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within private companies
such as Facebook,

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is valuable intelligence
related information.

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It is the type of information
that the United States can use

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in order to promote its old
national security agenda.

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Now, the NSA had a pretty easy life

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because all of those companies
are actually American companies,

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which sit within the United States.

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So they could approach a federal judge
that will issue a warrant.

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This is a magic key.

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It forces everyone to hand over
this information.

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But what can Russia do?

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What can China do?

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What can any other country
in the world do?

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Every intelligence agency in the world

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wants the information that sits
inside Facebook and other companies.

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If the United States
can stop terrorist attacks

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using this information,

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everyone can use this information.

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Make no mistake.

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It is not a question 
of if they will get it.

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It is a question of how and when.

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They can try to actually 
approach the federal judge,

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right, the American federal judge.

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It won't help, though 
it might amuse him a lot.

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So there are basically two ways
to go about it.

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One, they can try hacking into Facebook,

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which is not an easy thing to accomplish.

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Trust me.
(Laughter)

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The second thing that they can do,

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they can try to put a spy inside Facebook,

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so that he will provide
the information they need.

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Well, when we think
about a spy inside Facebook,

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this is probably not a spy
we have in mind.

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This is more like it.
(Laughter)

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It's strange to think about
state sponsored spies

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inside private companies,
inside commercial companies.

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But there are several reasons
that make this thing easier.

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One, it's much easier to get a job
inside Facebook than inside the NSA,

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security clearance-wise.

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The second thing is 
that the risk is lower.

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Being a spy inside Facebook
is not as risky

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as being a spy inside the NSA.

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And the third, in the past,
if you wanted to be a good spy,

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if you wanted to hire a good spy,
you wanted this guy.

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This is the guy that
knew everything, right?

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You wanted someone that would be as senior
as possible inside the organization.

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But today, in the age of information,

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the people that actually have the power
are those people,

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the hands-on guys, the engineers,
the support team.

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Those people have unrestricted access
to information.

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This is what you want.

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This makes your life much easier,

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if you want to put a spy
inside a commercial company.

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And then the plot thickens,

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because there are many other companies
that hold information that is valuable.

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For example, you might put a spy
inside a mobile operator.

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And he could listen to your phone calls,

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and might be able to tell
where you're at at every given moment.

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You might want to put a spy
inside a credit card company.

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He will know everything about everyone

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while being inside a credit card company,

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and sometimes, your deepest secrets.

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And there are many other companies

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that hold valuable information
for intelligence.

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So, where do we go from here?

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Someone hacked my presentation.

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(Laughter)

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Good job guys.

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Where do we go from here?

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We have to understand that today,

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commercial companies are actually
better at collecting data

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than actual intelligence agencies.

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Companies like Facebook and Google
are better at collecting our data

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than actual intelligence agencies.

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That's amazing.

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Think about Facebook 
facial recognition mechanism.

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This is an amazing tool for spies.

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Are you familiar with this mechanism?

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It means that you can take
pictures of your friend

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and Facebook will automatically tag them.

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He will recognize your friends
and will automatically tag them.

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So if you are a spy, 
you could create this amazing camera,

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and stand outside a secret agency,

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and take pictures of people coming out

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and immediately receive their names,
the names of their friends,

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what are their deepest secrets,
where are they going to be.

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Facebook is a dream place for spies.

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You can see how much the spy is happy.

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So where do we go from here?

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Should we educate our children
only to use applications

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that were made by countries
that we consider friendly?

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Or should we just accept
that we are living in a world

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that has no secrets?

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What we can be sure of 
is that nothing is free.

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On the Internet nothing is free.

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We either pay with money
or with our privacy.

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Thank you.

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(Applause)