Anytime you want to understand something...
Why is such and such happening?
Why is there a bio-diversity crisis?
Why are we drilling for more oil,
when it's polluting the atmosphere
and causing oil spills? Why?
And you ask why!?
And down a couple levels of why, you always get to money.
I talk a lot about the story of self, that every culture has,
that answers the question - What are you?
What is it to be human?
It says that you're this separate being,
among other separate beings,
in a universe that is separate from yourself as well.
You are not me, that plant is not me,
that's something separate.
And this story of self really creates our world.
If you're a separate self
and there's other separate selves out there,
other species out there,
the universe is fundamentally indifferent to you
or even hostile, then you definitely want to control.
You want to be able to have power over other beings and over
these whimsical, arbitrary forces of nature
that could extinguish you any time.
This story is becoming obsolete,
it's becoming no longer true.
We don't resonate with it any more.
It's actually generating crises that are insoluble
from the methods of control.
That's what's clearing the space for us
to step into a new story of self and a new story of the people.
(wind chimes)
Money is an agreement.
It doesn't have value all by itself.
It has value because people agree that it has value.
Economists will tell you what money does.
That it facilitates exchange.
You use it to count things and keep track of things.
You write some numbers
on a magical piece of paper called a check,
and you can cause all kinds of abundant goods
to come to your house.
You can even cause misery for thousands of people
if you are one of the highest initiates of the magic of money.
Scarcity is built into the money system,
on a most obvious level.
It's because of the way money is created,
as interest-bearing debt.
Any time a bank lends money into existence,
or the Federal Reserve creates money,
the money comes along with a corresponding amount of debt,
and the debt, because of interest on it,
is always greater than the amount of money.
It essentially throws people into competition with each other
for never enough money.
Growth is another thing that's built into our money system.
If you're a bank, you're going to lend it to the person
who's going to create new goods and services,
so they can profit and they can pay you back.
You're not going to lend to somebody
who doesn't create goods and services.
So money goes toward those who will create even more of it.
But basically economic growth means
that you have to find something that
was once nature and make it into a good,
or was once a gift relationship
and make it into a service.
You have to find something that people once got for free
or did for themselves or for each other
and then take it away and sell it back to them, somehow.
By turning things into commodities,
we get cut off from nature
in the same ways we're cut off from community.
We look at nature with eyes, well, it's just a bunch of stuff.
And that leaves us very lonely
and leaves us with many basic human needs that go unmet.
And if you have money,
you might try to fulfill this hunger through purchasing,
through buying things, or through accumulating money itself.
Of course, now we're nearing the end of growth.
Our planet can't sustain much more growth.
That's why the crisis that we have today won't go away.
One of the things I talk about is the sense
of wrongness that I had as a child.
I think most kids have some sense of it,
that it's not supposed to be this way.
For example, that you're not supposed to actually hate Monday,
and be happy when you don't have to go to school.
School should be something that you love.
Life should be something that you love.
We didn't earn any of the things that really
keep us alive or that make life good.
We didn't earn air. We didn't earn being born.
We didn't earn our conception.
We didn't earn being able to breathe.
We didn't earn having a planet that can provide food.
We didn't earn the Sun.
So, I think that on some level, people have this inborn gratitude.
Because on some level we know that we didn't earn any of this.
We know that life is a gift.
Well, if you know that you've received a gift,
then the natural response is gratitude,
the desire to give in turn.
In a gift economy, it's not true, the way it is in our money economy,
that everybody's in competition with everybody else.
In a gift society, if you have more than you need,
you give it to somebody who needs it.
That's how you get status.
And that's even where security comes from.
Because if you build up all that gratitude,
then people are going to take care of you, too.
And if there are no gifts, then there's no community.
And we can see as society has become more monetized,
that community has disappeared.
People long for it, but you can't just have community
as an add-on to a monetized life.
You have to actually need each other.
People desire to enact their gifts,
and if they were free from money, they would do it.
But money is so often a barrier.
People think - Oh, I would love to do this, but can I afford to do it? Is it practical?
Money stops them. What beautiful thing would I do? What am I called to do?
Would it be to set up big gardens for homeless people
to take care of, and reconnect them to nature?
Would it be to clean up a toxic waste site?
What would you do?
What beautiful thing would you do?
And why isn't it practical to do these things?
Why isn't there money in those things?
An economy that embodies the principles of the gift
is an economy that is simply grounded in the truth.
The task before us is to align money
with the true expression of our gifts.
It requires a very different mechanism
for the creation of money and the circulation of money.
They include things like negative interest,
which reverses the effects of usury.
They include things like the internalization of costs,
so you can no longer pollute
and have somebody else or future generations pay the costs.
They include a social dividend:
sharing in the wealth that comes from what should be the commons
-- the land, the aquifers, our cultural heritage.
They include a relocalization of a lot of economic functions.
They include all kinds of peer-to-peer financing
and the peer-to-peer revolution.
What will it take to shift away from the current money system?
The current money system just works less and less well.
Growth can only be maintained at a higher and higher cost.
Even our best efforts can't keep the economy growing
as fast as it needs to for the system to work
-- and that creates further misery.
People just can't take it anymore.
Even the people on top, even the winners
of this artificially induced competition,
they're not happy either.
It's not working for them either.
So I think that we're going to see a series of crisis moments,
each one more severe than the last.
And at each crisis moment
we'll have a collective choice:
do we give up the game and join the people?
Or do we hold on even tighter?
It's really up to us to determine
at what point this wake up point will happen.
Was this all a big mistake?
That's a good question, and it sure seems like it was sometimes.
When you look around at just the horrors
that have taken place on this Earth
and that are ongoing right now.
And some people think: I just don't want any part of this,
civilization was a huge mistake.
I came to see this whole journey of separation
not as a mistake, but as part of a larger process.
It started, I think, with the environmental movement in the 1960s,
that was its first awakening into mass consciousness.
And the astronauts went up
and experienced the pinnacle of separation.
And the photos that got beamed down,
even today it still evokes love in us.
So, we're falling in love with Earth.
That's one part of our transition into adulthood.
The other part is the coming of age ordeal,
when the old world falls apart,
and a new world is born.
You know, a child plays
a child plays and develops his or her gifts,
but doesn't apply them toward their true purpose yet.
And that's what humanity's been doing.
We've been messing around,
playing with our gifts of technology and culture,
and developing these gifts.
Now we're coming into adulthood and it's time
to apply them to our true purpose.
At the beginning, I think that'll be simply to heal
the damage that's been done.
And there's a lot of healing that needs to be done,
and it's almost impossible actually.
You could say that really we're in the business
of creating a miracle here on Earth.
I'm saying it's something that is impossible
from an old understanding of reality,
but possible from a new one.
And, in fact, it's necessary.
And, in fact, anything less than that isn't even worth trying.