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Do you know where what you buy[br]or wear or eat comes from?

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Do you know whose hands [br]what you've bought has passed through?

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Do you think about it?

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Do you care?

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Now, I'm a consumer,[br]just like everyone else.

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I buy things; I wear things; I eat things.

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But these are questions that[br]have plagued me for a really long time.

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Why?

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Well, I work in very large[br]and very complex organizations,

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the ones that are generally held to task[br]over everything they do or don't do.

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And it's my role

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to work across these organizations[br]and their supply chains

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to reduce their impact on the environment[br]and the communities in which they operate.

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So basically, I am a professional[br]sustainability person.

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The good news is that so many of us[br]want to buy sustainable goods.

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We want to know that the people[br]who made our clothes were paid fairly

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and that the environment wasn't harmed[br]in producing the food we ate.

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In fact, 66% of us even say we're willing[br]to pay more for sustainable goods.

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And, of course, you and I want to know

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that what we've bought[br]was sourced sustainably.

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But how do we know this?

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Well, we need to ask a whole bunch[br]of very important and valid questions.

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There's just one teeny-tiny problem.

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The supply chains of everything we buy[br]are really, really complex.

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I know this because it's my job[br]to collect the data

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and look at it from all the way[br]through the process.

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It's incredibly important work.

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But I've got to tell you, it's not easy.

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Let me give you an example.

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Okay, so here, this is a cake.

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So for you, this might look[br]like celebratory goodness.

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For me, this is a source[br]of potentially unsustainable palm oil.

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Now, palm oil,[br]as I'm sure many of you know,

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has been linked to pretty horrible[br]farming practices

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and the destruction[br]of the orangutan habitat -

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were not produced sustainably.

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So this cake is a minefield

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when it comes to thinking[br]about whether or not it's sustainable.

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So let's start with the cake.

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Is there oil in it? Is it palm oil?

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If it's 8% by weight,[br]how much oil got in the cake?

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The cream layers -[br]has that got palm oil in it as well

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or did that fall below[br]the reportable threshold?

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The icing.

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So our manufacturer,[br]they get that from another manufacturer.

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Oh, and they just changed[br]their manufacturer.

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So did the new manufacturer[br]get the briefing from us on the palm oil?

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For the palm oil that we know about,[br]is it sustainable?

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Is it certified? And to what method?

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And do we have the certificates on file?

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Are there chocolate sprinkles on the cake?

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Are you kidding me?

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Did the supplier include the data[br]from the sprinkles in what they gave us?

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I'm going to have to go and ring them.

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And so it goes on.

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In this example alone, just in whether[br]or not the palm oil is sustainable,

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there's about 30 data points.

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Oh, you want to know,[br]like, the conditions of the factory

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or whether it's vegan,[br]GMO-free, organic, free range?

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Well, you're going to need[br]a whole lot more data points.

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All this from one really valid question.

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So why is it that this is a question[br]we should be asking?

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Well, we have a reported[br]40.3 million people

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in some form of modern slavery

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in the supply chains[br]of the products we buy.

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It's estimated that 71% of them are women.

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And we are in the midst[br]of the sixth great extinction -

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the Anthropocene, or age of humans -

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because it's us that's having the impact.

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This is not okay.

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The data that I collect,[br]it's a person, it's a habitat.

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I've got to tell you, sometimes you can't[br]see that through the spreadsheets.

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But I, really, I can't lose sight of this,

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because it's my analysis of this data

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that enables a company to make[br]a more sustainable decision.

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But sometimes, companies[br]don't have the visibility that they need,

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so whether it's through limitations[br]of information or ignorance

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or sometimes deliberate avoidance.

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And this lack of transparency[br]is a huge problem for everyone.

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In fact, in a study done last year,[br]which was a global study,

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54% of the manufacturers surveyed[br]said they had no visibility

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into their supply chain[br]and sustainability related risks.

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So we've got a bit of a problem.

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A really big gap.

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But what if there was a better way?

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What if there was a way we could get[br]faster and more accurate data

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to help us solve[br]these supply chain issues.

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What if I could open up my cupboard[br]and scan everything in there

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and get a full suite of information [br]about what was there?

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From who made it, where it was from,[br]the country of origin,

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the greenhouse gas emissions[br]along the supply chain,

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the conditions of the factory.

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What if technology could help us solve[br]and crack the sustainability code?

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Well, industry is actually beginning[br]to deploy this type of technology.

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So it enables people like me

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to more readily act[br]on the information I've received.

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So blockchain, combined[br]with mobile and smart tags,

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has been used to trace[br]tuna provided to restaurants in Japan.

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Blockchain has also been used to verify[br]fair paid workers for 1,000 coconuts.

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What if we could actually train[br]our supply chains to self-check?

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Or to identify whether there was a gap[br]or an anomaly in the sustainability data?

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What if we could order continuously,[br]rather than just at a point in time?

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What if we could combine machine learning

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as an application[br]of artificial intelligence

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and blockchain

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to not just identify and trace

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but to validate and assure[br]that the right thing,

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from raw material to finished product,

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was done correctly[br]all the way through the process?

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I believe, and it's my firm belief,

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that it's going to be this type of data

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and accelerated process

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through blockchain,[br]digital technology, and signatures,

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and artificial intelligence[br]is going to be crucial

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in enabling us to collect the data

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to eradicate the issues[br]I mentioned earlier.

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And we shouldn't be shying away from this;

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we should embrace it[br]because sustainability affects us all.

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And so we all need to fight.

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It's your fight as consumers

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to ask where what you've bought

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has come from

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and challenge the answers[br]that you're given.

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It's the corporate fight[br]to work with like-minded suppliers

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who are galvanized[br]towards making these changes.

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And it's my fight

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to continue to pore through[br]those wretched spreadsheets today

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and analyzing and grinding the data

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with a firm eye[br]on the technology of tomorrow.

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And this should give you[br]a resounding sense of hope

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that there are solutions,

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that by challenging the status quo,

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thinking creatively,

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and changing our mindset[br]about how things have always been done

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that we can adopt new and exciting ways

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to change the game

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on how we conduct ourselves[br]as corporates and consumers

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across an increasingly smaller world.

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Thank you.

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[Applause]