[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.20,0:00:09.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We already know that the world is made of things,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.73,0:00:11.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things like cats
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.02,0:00:12.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and macaroni salad,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.46,0:00:14.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and macaroni salad is made of things
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.32,0:00:15.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like mayo
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.33,0:00:16.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and mustard
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.19,0:00:16.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and celery,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.99,0:00:18.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are all made of molecules.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.82,0:00:20.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As we'll see, these molecules
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.10,0:00:21.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are made of the same stuff,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.64,0:00:23.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just mixed together in different ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.69,0:00:25.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's go back to our macaroni salad.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.18,0:00:27.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've already unmixed things physically
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.24,0:00:28.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as much as we can.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.35,0:00:30.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, we'll go further and unmix things chemically
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.52,0:00:32.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by breaking some bonds.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.11,0:00:33.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many larger, complex molecules
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.57,0:00:36.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are just a bunch of smaller molecules bonded together
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.24,0:00:37.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like building blocks.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.47,0:00:40.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here, again, macaroni salad provides a nice example.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.31,0:00:41.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you look at the pasta,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.48,0:00:43.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'll notice it's made of a lot of this stuff,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.56,0:00:44.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,starch,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.44,0:00:45.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is this molecule,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.72,0:00:47.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,otherwise known as amylose.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.27,0:00:48.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Turns out, if you break some bonds,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.61,0:00:51.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,amylose is made up of smaller molecules
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.27,0:00:53.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of glucose, a simple sugar.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.57,0:00:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you take a bunch of these same glucose molecules
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.00,0:00:57.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and rearrange them in a different way,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.84,0:00:59.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you get cellulose,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.32,0:01:01.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is what plants are made of.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.19,0:01:03.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, while this piece of pasta made of amylose
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.100,0:01:06.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this wooden spoon made of cellulose
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.52,0:01:07.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,look vastly different,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.77,0:01:09.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're both essentially made of the same molecules,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.92,0:01:11.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just stuck together differently.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.56,0:01:13.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This type of breaking apart and recombining
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.68,0:01:15.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is what goes on when you digest food.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.88,0:01:18.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The complex proteins found in the foods we eat,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.33,0:01:19.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like carrots and eggs,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.48,0:01:20.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can't be used by our bodies
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.88,0:01:23.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we are not carrots or chickens.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.44,0:01:25.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we can use are the smaller molecules
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.44,0:01:27.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that make up these proteins,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.11,0:01:28.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the amino acids.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.24,0:01:31.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,During digestion, our bodies break these proteins up
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.08,0:01:32.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into their amino acids
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.24,0:01:34.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they can be rearranged and put back together
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.36,0:01:36.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make human proteins.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.27,0:01:37.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But let's keep breaking bonds.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.64,0:01:40.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All molecules are made up of atoms bonded together.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.92,0:01:42.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If some molecules are building blocks,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.64,0:01:44.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,atoms are the building blocks
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.44,0:01:45.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the building blocks.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.92,0:01:47.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you'll notice that with the molecules
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.69,0:01:48.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from macaroni salad,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.88,0:01:51.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the same six types of atoms keep showing up:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.90,0:01:52.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,carbon,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.68,0:01:53.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hydrogen,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.19,0:01:53.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,oxygen,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.84,0:01:54.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nitrogen,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.60,0:01:55.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,phosphorus,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.27,0:01:56.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sulfur,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.19,0:01:57.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or CHONPS.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.96,0:01:59.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a few others,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.09,0:02:02.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the big six is what macaroni salad is made of.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.65,0:02:04.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we went a step further,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.04,0:02:05.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we could use these same atoms,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.77,0:02:06.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,recombine them,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.77,0:02:08.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and make other stuff
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.16,0:02:09.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like gasoline
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.10,0:02:10.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or sulfuric acid,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.44,0:02:11.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,methane,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.19,0:02:12.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and nylon.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.56,0:02:14.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's all made from the same elements
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.23,0:02:15.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that make up macaroni salad.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.88,0:02:17.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, to recap,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.03,0:02:19.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everything is made of atoms.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.04,0:02:22.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are the stuff that things are made of.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.02,0:02:23.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Atoms are grouped together in different ways
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.52,0:02:24.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to form molecules.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.97,0:02:27.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These molecules are constantly being combined,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.56,0:02:28.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,broken apart,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.27,0:02:29.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and recombined.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.48,0:02:30.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They get thrown into mixtures,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.77,0:02:31.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,separated,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.60,0:02:32.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,remixed
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.36,0:02:34.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over and over and over again.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.32,0:02:35.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stuff that things are made of
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.94,0:02:38.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is always in flux,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.04,0:02:39.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's always changing.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.36,0:02:42.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Macaroni salad is only macaroni salad for a short time.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.40,0:02:43.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You eat it,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.29,0:02:44.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of it becomes part of you,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.77,0:02:46.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the rest eventually goes into the ocean
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.72,0:02:48.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and gets eaten by other animals that die,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.77,0:02:50.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and after millions of years, they turn into oil,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.88,0:02:52.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is where gasoline comes from.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.64,0:02:54.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's why gasoline and macaroni salad
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.69,0:02:56.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are not that different -
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.10,0:02:57.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're both made of the same stuff,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.68,0:02:59.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just one tastes better.