[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.13,0:00:06.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can we, as adults, grow new nerve cells?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.36,0:00:10.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's still some confusion \Nabout that question,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.47,0:00:13.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as this is a fairly new field of research.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.74,0:00:16.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, I was talking\Nto one of my colleagues, Robert --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.99,0:00:18.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who is an oncologist --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.49,0:00:20.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he was telling me,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.17,0:00:22.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Sandrine, this is puzzling,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.10,0:00:26.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of my patients that have been told\Nthey are cured of their cancer,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.24,0:00:28.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,still develop symptoms of depression."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.70,0:00:30.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I responded to him,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.100,0:00:33.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Well, from my point of view \Nthat makes sense.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.20,0:00:38.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The drug you give to your patients\Nthat stops the cancer cells multiplying,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.05,0:00:43.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also stops the newborn neurons\Nbeing generated in their brain."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.100,0:00:46.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then Robert looked at me \Nlike I was crazy and said,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.69,0:00:49.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"But Sandrine, these are adult patients --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.25,0:00:51.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,adults do not grow new nerve cells."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.49,0:00:56.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And much to his surprise, I said,\N"Well actually, we do."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.16,0:01:01.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is a phenomenon \Nthat we call neurogenesis.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.06,0:01:03.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Neurogenesis]
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.59,0:01:07.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now Robert is not a neuroscientist,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.12,0:01:11.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when he went to medical school\Nhe was not taught what we know now --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.68,0:01:15.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the adult brain \Ncan generate new nerve cells.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.50,0:01:18.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Robert --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.99,0:01:19.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.13,0:01:22.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being a good doctor that he is,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.40,0:01:26.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wanted to come to my lab\Nto understand the topic a little better.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.07,0:01:29.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I took him for a tour
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.53,0:01:32.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of one the of most exciting\Nparts of the brain
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.39,0:01:34.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when it comes to neurogenesis --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.59,0:01:36.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is the hippocampus.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.31,0:01:40.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is this gray structure\Nin the center of the brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.84,0:01:44.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what we've known for what\Nseems like already very long,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.53,0:01:48.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that this is important for learning,\Nand memory and mood and emotion.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.48,0:01:52.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, what we\Nhave learned more recently,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.50,0:01:56.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that this is one of the unique\Nstructures of the adult brain
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.05,0:01:59.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where new neurons can be generated.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.48,0:02:02.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if we slide\Nthrough the hippocampus,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.87,0:02:04.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and zoom in,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.34,0:02:06.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what you actually see here in blue
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.87,0:02:11.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a newborn neuron\Nin an adult mouse brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.81,0:02:15.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when it comes to the human brain,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.22,0:02:19.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my colleague Jonas Frisén\Nfrom the Karolinska Institute,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.73,0:02:21.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has estimated that we produce
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.15,0:02:26.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,700 new neurons per day\Nin the hippocampus.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.37,0:02:28.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you might think this is not much
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.14,0:02:31.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,according to the billions\Nof neurons we have,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.83,0:02:34.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but by the time we will turn 50,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.01,0:02:39.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we will have exchanged all the neurons\Nwe were born with in that structure
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.56,0:02:41.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with adult-born neurons.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.44,0:02:48.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, why are these neurons important\Nand what are their functions?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.57,0:02:52.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So first, we know that they're important\Nfor learning and memory.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.31,0:02:54.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in the lab we have shown
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.74,0:02:57.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that if we block the ability\Nof the adult brain
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.07,0:03:00.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to produce new neurons\Nin the hippocampus,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.60,0:03:02.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then we block certain memory abilities.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.80,0:03:10.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is especially new and true\Nfor spacial recognition --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.100,0:03:13.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so like, how you navigate\Nyour way in the city.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.41,0:03:15.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we are still learning a lot,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.22,0:03:18.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we are not only important\Nfor memory capacity,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.22,0:03:21.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also for the quality of the memory.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.91,0:03:25.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we will be helpful\Nto add time to our memory
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.88,0:03:29.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we will help differentiate\Nvery similar memories.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.13,0:03:32.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like, how do you find your bike\N
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.87,0:03:36.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you park at this station\Neveryday in the same area
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.61,0:03:38.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in a slightly different position?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.30,0:03:42.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And more interesting \Nto my colleague Robert,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.86,0:03:47.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the research we have been doing\Non neurogenesis and depression.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.01,0:03:49.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in an animal model of depression,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.13,0:03:53.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have seen that we have\Na lower level of neurogenesis,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.54,0:03:56.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if we give antidepressants,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.86,0:03:59.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then we increase the production\Nof these newborn neurons,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.37,0:04:02.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we decrease\Nthe symptoms of depression,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.64,0:04:08.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,establishing a clear link \Nbetween neurogenesis and depression.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.42,0:04:12.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But moreover, if you \Njust block neurogenesis,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.28,0:04:16.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then you block the efficacy\Nof the antidepressant.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.07,0:04:19.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So by then, Robert had understood
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.81,0:04:23.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that very likely his patients\Nwere suffering from depression
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.67,0:04:25.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even after being cured of their cancer
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.13,0:04:29.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the cancer drug had stopped\Nthe newborn neurons to be generated --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.38,0:04:31.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it will take time
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.96,0:04:36.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to generate new neurons\Nthat reach their normal functions.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.99,0:04:40.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, collectively, now,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.78,0:04:45.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we think we have enough evidence to say\Nthat neurogenesis is a target of choice
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.10,0:04:49.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we want to improve\Nmemory information or mood,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.88,0:04:52.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or even prevent their decline\Nassociated with aging,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.39,0:04:55.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or associated with stress.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.54,0:04:57.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the next question is,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.22,0:05:00.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can we control neurogenesis?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.33,0:05:02.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The answer is yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.28,0:05:05.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we are now going to do a little quiz.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.51,0:05:09.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I'm going to give you a set\Nof behaviors and activities,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.73,0:05:13.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you tell me if you think\Nit will increase neurogenesis
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.05,0:05:16.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or if it will decrease neurogenesis.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.07,0:05:18.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Are we ready?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.84,0:05:19.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, let's go.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.48,0:05:22.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what about learning?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.76,0:05:23.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Increasing?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.13,0:05:25.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.29,0:05:29.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So learning will increase\Nthe production of these new neurons.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.33,0:05:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How about stress?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.65,0:05:36.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, stress will decrease the production\Nof new neurons in the hippocampus.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.67,0:05:38.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How about sleep deprivation?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.62,0:05:42.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Indeed, it will decrease neurogenesis.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.47,0:05:43.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How about sex?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.68,0:05:45.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oh wow!
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.75,0:05:47.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.32,0:05:50.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, you are right, it will increase\Nthe production of new neurons.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.85,0:05:53.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, it's all about balance here.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.32,0:05:54.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't want to fall in a situation\N
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.28,0:05:59.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about too much sex \Nleading to sleep deprivation.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.02,0:06:01.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.100,0:06:05.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how about getting older?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.76,0:06:10.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So neurogenesis' rate\Nwill decrease as we get older,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.59,0:06:13.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it is still occurring.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.33,0:06:16.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then finally, how about running?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.21,0:06:21.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I will let you judge\Nthat one by yourself.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.92,0:06:23.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is one of the first studies\N
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.94,0:06:26.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was carried out\Nby one of my mentors --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.33,0:06:28.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rusty Gage for the Salk Institute --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.28,0:06:30.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,showing that the environment\Ncan have an impact
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.28,0:06:31.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the production of new neurons.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.21,0:06:36.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here you see a section\Nof the hippocampus of a mouse
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.62,0:06:38.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that had no running wheel in its cage.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.01,0:06:42.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the little black dots you see\Nare actually newborn neurons-to-be.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.44,0:06:47.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now, you see a section\Nof the hippocampus of a mouse
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.46,0:06:51.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that did have a running wheel in its cage.\N
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.50,0:06:52.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you see the massive increase
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.90,0:06:55.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the black dots representing\Nthe new neurons-to-be.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.82,0:07:00.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So activity impacts neurogenesis\Nbut that's not all.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.70,0:07:03.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What you eat will have an effect
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.92,0:07:06.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the production of new neurons\Nin the hippocampus.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.36,0:07:09.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here we have a sample of diet --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.19,0:07:13.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of nutrients that have been shown\Nto have efficacy.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.14,0:07:16.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'm just going\Nto point a few out for you.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.09,0:07:21.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So calorie restriction of 20% to 30%\Nwill increase neurogenesis.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.13,0:07:23.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Intermittent fasting --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.54,0:07:25.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so spaces of time between your meal --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.05,0:07:27.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will increase neurogenesis.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.93,0:07:29.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Intake of flavonoids,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.54,0:07:32.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are contained\Nin dark chocolate or blueberries,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.69,0:07:33.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will increase neurogenesis.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.39,0:07:36.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Omega-3 fatty acids,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.24,0:07:38.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,present in fatty fish, like salmon,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.47,0:07:40.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will increase the production\Nof these new neurons.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.70,0:07:42.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Conversely,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.19,0:07:45.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a diet rich in high saturated fat
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.74,0:07:48.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will have a negative impact\Non neurogenesis.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.08,0:07:51.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ethanol --\Nintake of alcohol --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.99,0:07:53.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will decrease neurogenesis.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.10,0:07:56.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, not everything is lost --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.84,0:07:59.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,resveratrol, which is\Ncontained in red wine,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.02,0:08:03.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has been shown to promote\Nthe survival of these new neurons.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.92,0:08:05.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So next time you are at a dinner party,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.90,0:08:09.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you might want to reach for this possibly\N"neurogenesis-neutral" drink.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.96,0:08:11.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.33,0:08:14.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then finally, \Nlet me point out the last one --
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.14,0:08:16.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a quick one.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.34,0:08:19.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Japanese groups\Nare fascinated with food textures,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.80,0:08:24.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they have shown that actually\Nsoft diet impairs neurogenesis,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.31,0:08:27.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as opposed to food\Nthat requires mastication --
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.28,0:08:29.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,chewing, or crunchy food.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.02,0:08:32.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So all of this data,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.99,0:08:35.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we need to look\Nat the cellular level,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.59,0:08:38.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has been generated using animal models.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.59,0:08:42.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this diet has also been given\Nto human participants,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.28,0:08:44.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what we could see
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.74,0:08:49.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that diet modulates\Nmemory and mood
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.32,0:08:52.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the same direction\Nit modulates neurogenesis.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.85,0:08:56.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Such as, calorie restriction\Nwill improve memory capacity,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.35,0:09:01.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whereas a high-fat diet will exacerbate\Nsymptoms of depression --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.71,0:09:05.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as opposed to omega-3 fatty acids,\Nwhich increase neurogenesis,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.41,0:09:11.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also help to decrease\Nthe symptoms of depression.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.36,0:09:15.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we think that the effect of diet
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.44,0:09:20.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on mental health, on memory and mood,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.34,0:09:24.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is actually mediated by the production\Nof the new neurons in the hippocampus.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.94,0:09:26.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it is not only what you eat,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.15,0:09:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's also the texture\Nof the food when you eat it,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.28,0:09:32.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how much of it you eat.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.14,0:09:35.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On our side --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.99,0:09:38.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,neuroscientists interested\Nin neurogenesis --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.43,0:09:41.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need to understand better\Nthe function of these new neurons,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.61,0:09:45.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how we can control their survival\Nand their production.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.05,0:09:50.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We also need to find a way to protect\Nthe neurogenesis of Robert's patients.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.27,0:09:52.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And on your side --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.13,0:09:54.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I leave you in charge\Nof your neurogenesis.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.94,0:09:56.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.17,0:10:01.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.18,0:10:04.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Margaret Heffernan: \NFantastic research, Sandrine!
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.32,0:10:06.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I told you you changed my life --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.62,0:10:09.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I now eat a lot of blueberries.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.85,0:10:13.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm really interested\Nin the running thing --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.07,0:10:16.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do I have to run?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.60,0:10:19.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or is it really just about\N
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.44,0:10:21.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,aerobic exercise\Ngetting oxygen to the brain?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.18,0:10:24.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Could it be any kind of vigorous exercise?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.45,0:10:25.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sandrine Thuret: So for the moment,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.24,0:10:29.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can't really say \Nif it's just the running itself,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.49,0:10:33.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we think that anything that indeed\Nwill increase the production --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.95,0:10:37.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of moving the blood flow to the brain --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.87,0:10:39.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,should be beneficial.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.01,0:10:41.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MH: Right, so I don't have\Nto get a running wheel in my office?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.21,0:10:42.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ST: No, you don't!
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.30,0:10:44.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.42,0:10:45.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MH: Oh, what a relief!
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.84,0:10:46.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, that's wonderful.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.14,0:10:48.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you so much.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.32,0:10:50.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ST: Thank you, Margaret
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.43,0:10:50.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)