[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can we, as adults, grow new nerve cells?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's still some confusion \Nabout that question,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as this is a fairly new field of research.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, I was talking\Nto one of my colleagues, Robert --
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who is an oncologist --
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he was telling me,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Sandrine, this is puzzling,\N
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of my patients that have been told\Nthey are cured of their cancer,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,still develop symptoms of depression."
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I responded to him,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Well, from my point of view \Nthat makes sense.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The drug you give to your patients\Nthat stops the cancer cells multiplying,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also stops the newborn neurons\Nbeing generated in their brain."
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then Robert looked at me \Nlike I was crazy and said,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"But Sandrine, these are adult patients,\Nadults do not grow new nerve cells."
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And much to his surprise, I said,\N"Well actually, we do."
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is a phenomenon \Nthat we call Neurogenesis.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Neurogenesis]
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, Robert is not a neuroscientist,\Nso when he went to medical school,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so when he went to medical school\Nhe was not taught what we know now --
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the adult brain \Ncan generate new nerve cells.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, Robert, you know, \Nbeing a good doctor that he is,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wanted to come to my lab to understand\Nthe topic a little bit better.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I took him for a tour
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of one the of most exciting\Nparts of the brain,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when it comes to Neurogenesis --
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is the Hippocampus.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is this gray structure\Nin the center of the brain.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what we've known for what\Nseems like already for very long,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that this is important for learning,\Nmemory, mood and emotion.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, what we have learned\Nmore recently,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that this is one of the unique\Nstructures of the adult brain
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where new neurons can be generated.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if we slide \Nthrough the Hippocampus
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and zoom in,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what you actually see here in blue
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a newborn neuron\Nin an adult mouse brain.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when it comes to the human brain,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my colleague Dr. Jonas Frisén\Nfrom the Karolinska Institute,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has estimated that we produce
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,700 new neurons per day\Nin the Hippocampus.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you might think this is not much\Naccording the to billions of neurons we have,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,according to the billions\Nof neurons we have,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but by the time we will turn 50