[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.94,0:00:06.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can we, as adults, grow new nerve cells?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.15,0:00:10.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's still some confusion\Nabout that question,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.26,0:00:12.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as this is a fairly new field of research.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.57,0:00:16.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, I was talking\Nto one of my colleagues, Robert --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.95,0:00:18.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who is an oncologist --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.28,0:00:19.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he was telling me,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.01,0:00:21.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Sandrine, this is puzzling,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.79,0:00:26.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of my patients that have been told\Nthey are cured of their cancer,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.13,0:00:28.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,still develop symptoms of depression."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.52,0:00:30.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I responded to him,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.84,0:00:33.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Well, from my point of view\Nthat makes sense.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.20,0:00:37.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The drug you give to your patients\Nthat stops the cancer cells multiplying,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.76,0:00:42.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also stops the newborn neurons\Nbeing generated in their brain."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.82,0:00:46.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then Robert looked at me\Nlike I was crazy and said,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.63,0:00:48.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"But Sandrine, these are adult patients --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.84,0:00:51.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,adults do not grow new nerve cells."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.54,0:00:56.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And much to his surprise, I said,\N"Well actually, we do."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.10,0:01:01.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is a phenomenon\Nthat we call neurogenesis.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.95,0:01:03.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Neurogenesis]
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.16,0:01:06.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now Robert is not a neuroscientist,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.96,0:01:11.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when he went to medical school\Nhe was not taught what we know now --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.60,0:01:15.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the adult brain\Ncan generate new nerve cells.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.22,0:01:19.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Robert --\Nyou know --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.67,0:01:21.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being the good doctor that he is,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.61,0:01:23.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wanted to come to my lab
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.33,0:01:26.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to understand the topic\Na little bit better.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.88,0:01:29.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I took him for a tour
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.16,0:01:32.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of one the of most exciting\Nparts of the brain
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.10,0:01:33.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when it comes to neurogenesis --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.29,0:01:36.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is the hippocampus.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.08,0:01:40.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is this gray structure\Nin the center of the brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.61,0:01:44.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what we've know since\Nalready very long,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.06,0:01:48.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that this is important\Nfor learning, memory, mood and emotion.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.34,0:01:52.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, what we\Nhave learned more recently,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.41,0:01:56.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that this is one of the unique\Nstructures of the adult brain
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.10,0:01:59.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where new neurons can be generated.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.40,0:02:02.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if we slide through the hippocampus,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.74,0:02:04.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and zoom in,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.03,0:02:06.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what you actually see here in blue
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.86,0:02:11.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a newborn neuron\Nin an adult mouse brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.77,0:02:15.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when it comes to the human brain,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.85,0:02:19.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my colleague Jonas Frisén\Nfrom the Karolinska Institutet,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.40,0:02:25.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has estimated that we produce\N700 new neurons per day
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.17,0:02:26.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the hippocampus.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.18,0:02:28.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you might think this is not much
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.88,0:02:31.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,compared to the billions\Nof neurons we have.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.64,0:02:34.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But by the time we will turn 50,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.74,0:02:39.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we will have all exchanged the neurons\Nwe were born with in that structure
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.44,0:02:41.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with adult-born neurons.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.25,0:02:46.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So why are these new neurons important
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.51,0:02:48.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what are their functions?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.32,0:02:53.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So first, we know that they're important\Nfor learning and memory.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.05,0:02:54.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in the lab we have shown
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.59,0:02:57.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that if we block the ability\Nof the adult brain
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.85,0:03:00.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to produce new neurons in the hippocampus,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.43,0:03:02.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then we block certain memory abilities.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.50,0:03:10.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is especially new and true\Nfor spacial recognition --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.71,0:03:13.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so like, how you navigate\Nyour way in the city.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.18,0:03:15.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we are still learning a lot,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.68,0:03:18.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they are not only important\Nfor memory capacity,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.77,0:03:21.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also for the quality of the memory.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.70,0:03:25.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they will have been helpful\Nto add time to our memory
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.77,0:03:29.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they will help differentiate\Nvery similar memories.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.92,0:03:32.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like, how do you find your bike
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.58,0:03:36.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you park at the station\Neveryday in the same area
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.12,0:03:38.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in a slightly different position?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.07,0:03:42.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And more interesting\Nto my colleague Robert
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.58,0:03:47.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the research we have been doing\Non neurogenesis and depression.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.01,0:03:49.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in an animal model of depression,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.97,0:03:53.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have seen that we have\Na lower level of neurogenesis.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.50,0:03:56.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if we give antidepressants,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.77,0:04:00.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then we increase the production\Nof these newborn neurons,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.24,0:04:02.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we decrease\Nthe symptoms of depression,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.41,0:04:08.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,establishing a clear link\Nbetween neurogenesis and depression.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.19,0:04:13.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But moreover, if you\Njust block neurogenesis,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.52,0:04:16.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then you block the efficacy\Nof the antidepressant.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.71,0:04:19.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So by then, Robert had understood
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.50,0:04:23.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that very likely his patients\Nwere suffering from depression
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.22,0:04:25.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even after being cured of their cancer
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.84,0:04:29.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the cancer drug had stopped\Nnewborn neurons from being generated --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.25,0:04:31.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it will take time
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.54,0:04:36.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to generate new neurons\Nthat reach normal functions.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.78,0:04:40.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, collectively, now,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.41,0:04:42.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we think we have enough evidence to say
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.72,0:04:45.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that neurogenesis is a target of choice
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.99,0:04:49.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we want to improve\Nmemory formation or mood,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.59,0:04:53.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or even prevent the decline\Nassociated with aging,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.18,0:04:55.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or associated with stress.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.29,0:04:58.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the next question is:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.04,0:05:00.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can we control neurogenesis?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.07,0:05:02.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The answer is yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.86,0:05:05.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we are now going to do a little quiz.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.20,0:05:09.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I'm going to give you a set\Nof behaviors and activities,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.41,0:05:13.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you tell me if you think\Nthey will increase neurogenesis
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.11,0:05:16.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or if it will decrease neurogenesis.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.80,0:05:17.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Are we ready?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.55,0:05:19.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, let's go.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.03,0:05:21.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what about learning?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.52,0:05:23.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Increasing?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.72,0:05:24.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.91,0:05:28.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So learning will increase\Nthe production of these new neurons.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.72,0:05:30.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How about stress?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.43,0:05:36.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, stress will decrease the production\Nof new neurons in the hippocampus.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.19,0:05:37.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How about sleep deprivation?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.38,0:05:42.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Indeed, it will decrease neurogenesis.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.10,0:05:43.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How about sex?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.41,0:05:45.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oh wow!
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.59,0:05:46.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.88,0:05:50.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, you are right, it will increase\Nthe production of new neurons.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.66,0:05:52.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, it's all about balance here.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.83,0:05:55.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't want to fall in a situation --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.07,0:05:56.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.02,0:05:59.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about too much sex\Nleading to sleep deprivation.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.88,0:06:02.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.75,0:06:04.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how about getting older?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.64,0:06:11.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the neurogenesis rate\Nwill decrease as we get older,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.35,0:06:13.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it is still occurring.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.04,0:06:16.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then finally, how about running?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.91,0:06:20.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I will let you judge\Nthat one by yourself.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.56,0:06:23.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is one of the first studies
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.38,0:06:25.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was carried out\Nby one of my mentors --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.95,0:06:27.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rusty Gage from the Salk Institute --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.81,0:06:30.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,showing that the environment\Ncan have an impact
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.11,0:06:31.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the production of new neurons.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.02,0:06:36.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here you see a section\Nof the hippocampus of a mouse
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.30,0:06:38.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that had no running wheel in its cage.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.57,0:06:42.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the little black dots you see\Nare actually newborn neurons-to-be.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.25,0:06:48.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now, you see a section\Nof the hippocampus of a mouse
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.41,0:06:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that had running wheel in its cage.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.03,0:06:52.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you see the massive increase
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.58,0:06:55.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the black dots representing\Nthe new neurons-to-be.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.82,0:07:00.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So activity impacts neurogenesis,\Nbut that's not all.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.64,0:07:04.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What you eat will have an effect
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.31,0:07:07.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the production of new neurons\Nin the hippocampus.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.25,0:07:09.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here we have a sample of diet --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.23,0:07:13.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of nutrients that have been shown\Nto have efficacy.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.97,0:07:16.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'm just going\Nto point a few out to you.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.59,0:07:21.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So calorie restriction of 20 to 30 percent\Nwill increase neurogenesis.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.13,0:07:23.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Intermittent fasting --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.39,0:07:25.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so spacings of time between your meals --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.63,0:07:27.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will increase neurogenesis.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.80,0:07:29.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Intake of flavonoids,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.29,0:07:32.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are contained\Nin dark chocolate or blueberries,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.17,0:07:33.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will increase neurogenesis.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.36,0:07:35.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Omega-3 fatty acids,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.88,0:07:38.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,present in fatty fish, like salmon,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.12,0:07:40.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will increase the production\Nof these new neurons.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.50,0:07:45.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Conversely, a diet rich in saturated fat
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.63,0:07:48.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will have a negative impact\Non neurogenesis.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.23,0:07:51.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ethanol --\Nintake of alcohol --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.65,0:07:53.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will decrease neurogenesis.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.98,0:07:56.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, not everything is lost --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.73,0:07:59.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,resveratrol, which is\Ncontained in red wine,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.80,0:08:03.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has been shown to promote\Nthe survival of these new neurons.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.71,0:08:05.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So next time you are at a dinner party,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.60,0:08:09.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you might want to reach for this possibly\N"neurogenesis-neutral" drink.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.91,0:08:12.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.07,0:08:14.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then finally,\Nlet me point out the last one --
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.59,0:08:15.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a quick one.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.77,0:08:19.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Japanese groups\Nare fascinated with food textures,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.69,0:08:24.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they have shown that actually\Nsoft diet impairs neurogenesis,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.02,0:08:28.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as opposed to food\Nthat requires mastication,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.12,0:08:29.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,chewing, or crunchy food.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.83,0:08:32.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So all of this data,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.64,0:08:35.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we need to look\Nat the cellular level,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.25,0:08:37.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has been generated using animal models.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.47,0:08:42.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this diet has also been given\Nto human participants,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.88,0:08:44.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what we could see
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.52,0:08:49.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that the diet modulates memory and mood
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.06,0:08:52.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the same direction\Nas it modulates neurogenesis.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.56,0:08:56.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Such as calorie restriction\Nwill improve memory capacity,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.31,0:09:01.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whereas a high-fat diet will exacerbate\Nsymptoms of depression --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.47,0:09:06.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as opposed to omega-3 fatty acids,\Nwhich increase neurogenesis,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.36,0:09:10.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also help to decrease\Nthe symptoms of depression.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.64,0:09:16.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we think that the effect of diet
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.48,0:09:20.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on mental health, on memory and mood,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.10,0:09:24.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is actually mediated by the production\Nof the new neurons in the hippocampus.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.99,0:09:26.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's not only what you eat,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.94,0:09:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's also the texture\Nof the food when you eat it,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.03,0:09:31.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how much of it you eat.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.84,0:09:34.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On our side --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.02,0:09:37.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,neuroscientists interested\Nin neurogenesis --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.90,0:09:41.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need to understand better\Nthe function of these new neurons,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.59,0:09:45.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how we can control their survival\Nand their production.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.90,0:09:50.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We also need to find a way to protect\Nthe neurogenesis of Robert's patients.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.27,0:09:52.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And on your side --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.67,0:09:55.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I leave you in charge\Nwith your neurogenesis.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.69,0:09:56.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.87,0:10:02.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.89,0:10:05.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Margaret Heffernan:\NFantastic research, Sandrine.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.21,0:10:07.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I told you you changed my life --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.48,0:10:09.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I now eat a lot of blueberries.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.28,0:10:10.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sandrine Thuret: Very good.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.53,0:10:13.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MH: I'm really interested\Nin the running thing --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.87,0:10:16.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do I have to run?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.37,0:10:19.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or is it really just about
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.12,0:10:21.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,aerobic exercise,\Ngetting oxygen to the brain?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.66,0:10:23.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Could it be any kind of vigorous exercise?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.10,0:10:25.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ST: So for the moment,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.86,0:10:29.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can't really say\Nif it's just the running itself,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.13,0:10:33.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we think that anything that indeed\Nwill increase the production --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.19,0:10:37.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of moving the blood flow to the brain --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.29,0:10:38.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,should be beneficial.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.35,0:10:41.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MH: So I don't have to get\Na running wheel in my office?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.00,0:10:43.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ST: No, you don't!
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.19,0:10:45.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MH: Oh, what a relief! That's wonderful.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.94,0:10:47.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you so much.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.49,0:10:48.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ST: Thank you, Margaret.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.67,0:10:50.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)