[Script Info] Title: [Events] Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chris Anderson: You were something of\Na mathematical phenom. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You had already taught\Nat Harvard and MIT at a young age. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then the NSA came calling. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What was that about? Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jim Simons: Well the NSA --\Nthat's the National Security Agency -- Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they didn't exactly come calling. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They had an operation at Princeton\Nwhere they hired mathematicians Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to attack secret codes\Nand stuff like that. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I knew that existed.\NAnd they had a very good policy Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they had a very good policy\Nbecause you could do half your time Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at your own mathematics Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and at least half your time\Nworking on their stuff. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they paid a lot.\NSo that was an irresistible pull. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I went there. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: So you were a code-cracker. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,JS: I was. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: Until you got fired. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,JS: Well, I did get fired. Yes. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: How come? Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,JS: Well, how come? Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I got fired because,\Nwell the Vietnam War was on, Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the boss of bosses in my organization\Nwas a big fan of the war Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and wrote a New York Times article,\Na magazine section cover story, Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about how we're going\Nto win in Vietnam and so on. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I didn't like that war,\NI thought it was stupid Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I wrote a letter to the Times,\Nwhich they published, saying Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not everyone who works for Maxwell Taylor,\Nif anyone remembers that name, Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,agrees with his views. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I gave my own views. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: Oh, OK. I can see that would -- Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,JS: Which were different from General Taylor's. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in the end nobody said anything. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But then, I was 29 years old at this time\Nand some kid came around Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and said he was a stringer \Nfrom Newsweek magazine Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he wanted to interview me\Nand ask what I was doing about my views. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I told him, I said, \N"I'm doing mostly mathematics now, Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when the war is over\Nthen I'll do mostly their stuff." Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then I did the only \Nintelligent thing I'd done that day -- Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I told my local boss\Nthat I gave that interview. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he said, "What'd you say?" Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I told him what I said. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then he said, "I've got to call Taylor." Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He calls Taylor; that took 10 minutes. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was fired five minutes after that. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it wasn't bad. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: It wasn't bad, because\Nyou went on to Stony Brook Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and stepped up your mathematical career. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You started working\Nwith this man here. Who is this? Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,JS: Oh, [Shiing-Shen] Chern. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chern was one of the great \Nmathematicians of the century. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had known him when\NI was a graduate student at Berkeley. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I had some ideas, Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I brought them to him\Nand he liked them. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Together, we did this work \Nwhich you can easily see up there. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There it is. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: It led to you publishing\Na famous paper together. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can you explain at all what that work was? Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,JS: No. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,JS: I mean, I could \Nexplain it to somebody. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: How about explaining this? Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,JS: But not many.\NNot many people. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: I think you told me\Nit had something to do with spheres, Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so let's start here. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,JS: Well, it did. But I'll say about that work -- Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it did have something to do with that,\Nbut before we get to that -- Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that work was good mathematics. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was very happy with it; so was Chern. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It even started a little subfield\Nthat's now flourishing. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, more interestingly,\Nit happened to apply to physics, Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something we knew nothing about --\Nat least I knew nothing about physics, Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I don't think Chern\Nknew a heck of a lot. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And about 10 years\Nafter the paper came out, Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a guy named Ed Witten in Princeton\Nstarted applying it to string theory Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and people in Russia started applying it\Nto what's called "condensed matter." Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, those things in there\Ncalled Chern-Simons invariants Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have spread through a lot of physics. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it was amazing. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We didn't know any physics. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It never occurred to me\Nthat it would be applied to physics. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that's the thing about mathematics --\Nyou never know where it's going to go. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: This is so incredible. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, we've been talking about\Nhow evolution shapes human minds Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that may or may not perceive the truth. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Somehow, you come up\Nwith a mathematical theory, Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not knowing any physics, Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,discover two decades later\Nthat it's being applied Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to profoundly describe\Nhe actual physical world. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How can that happen? Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,JS: God knows. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there's a famous physicist\Nnamed [Eugene] Wigner, Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he wrote an essay on the\Nunreasonable effectiveness of mathematics. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Somehow, this mathematics, Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is rooted in the real world\Nin some sense -- we learn to count, Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,measure, everyone would do that --\Nand then it flourishes on its own. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But so often it comes back\Nto save the day. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,General relativity is an example. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Hermann] Minkowski had this geometry,\Nand Einstein realized, Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Hey, it's the very thing \Nin which I can cast General Relativity." Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, you never know. It is a mystery. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is a mystery. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: So, here's a mathematical\Npiece of ingenuity. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tell us about this. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,JS: Well, that's a ball -- it's a sphere,\Nand it has a lattice around it -- Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know, those squares. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I'm going to show here was \Noriginally observed by [Leonhard] Euler, Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the great mathematician, in the 1700's. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it gradually grew to be \Na very important field in mathematics: Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,algebraic topology, geometry. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That paper up there had its roots in this. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, here's this thing: Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it has eight vertices,\N12 edges, six faces. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you look at the difference -- Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,vertices minus edges plus faces --\Nyou get two. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, well, two? That's a good number. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's a different way of doing it --\Nthese are triangles covering -- Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this has 12 vertices and 30 edges\Nand 20 faces, 20 tiles. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And vertices minus edges\Nplus faces still equals two. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in fact you could\Ndo this any which way, Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cover this thing with all kinds\Nof polygons and triangles Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and mix them up. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you take vertices minus edges\Nplus faces -- you'll get two. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's a different shape.\NThis is a torus, the surface of a donut, Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,16 vertices covered by these rectangles, Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,32 edges, 16 faces,\Nvertices minus edges comes out 0. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It'll always come out 0. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every time you cover a torus\Nwith squares or triangles Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or anything like that,\Nyou're going to get 0. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, this is called\Nthe Euler characteristic. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's what's called\Na topological invariant. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's pretty amazing, Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no matter how you do it\Nyou'll always get the same answer. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that was the first sort of thrust, \Nfrom the mid-1700s, Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into a subject which is now\Ncalled algebraic topology. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: And your own work\Ntook an idea like this Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and moved it into\Nhigher-dimensional theory, Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,higher-dimensional objects,\Nand found new invariants? Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,JS: Yes. Well, there were already \Nhigher-dimensional invariants: Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pontryagin classes --\Nactually, there were Chern classes. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were a bunch\Nof these types of invariants. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was struggling to work on one of them\Nand model it sort of combinatorially Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead of the way it was typically done, Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that led to this work\Nand we uncovered some new things. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if it wasn't for Mr. Euler --\Nwho wrote almost 70 volumes of mathematics Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and had 13 children Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who he apparently would dandle on his knee\Nas he was writing -- Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if it wasn't for Mr. Euler, there wouldn't\Nperhaps be these invariants. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: OK, so that's at least given us\Na flavor of that amazing mind in there. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's talk about Renaissance. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because you took that amazing mind\Nand having been a code-cracker at the NSA, Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you started to become a code-cracker\Nin the financial industry. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think you probably didn't buy \Nefficient market theory. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Somehow you found a way of creating\Nastonishing returns over two decades. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The way it's been explained to me, Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what's remarkable about what you did\Nwasn't just the size of the returns, Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's that you took them\Nwith surprisingly low volatility and risk Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,compared with other hedge funds.\NSo how on earth did you do this, Jim? Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,JS: I did it by assembling\Na wonderful group of people. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I started doing trading, I had \Ngotten a little tired of mathematics. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was in my late 30s. \NI had a little money. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I started trading and it went very well. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I made quite a lot of money\Nwith pure luck. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, I think it was pure luck. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It certainly wasn't mathematical modeling. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in looking at the data,\Nafter a while I realized: Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it looks like there's some structure here. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I hired a few mathematicians,\Nand we started making some models -- Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just the kind of thing we did back \Nat IDA [Institute for Defense Analyses]. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You design an algorithm,\Nyou test it out on a computer. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Does it work? Doesn't it work? And so on. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: Can we take a look at this? Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because here's a typical graph\Nof some commodity. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I look at that, and I say, \N"That's just a random, up-and-down walk -- Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe a slight upward trend \Nover that whole period of time." Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How on earth could you trade, Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looking at that and see something\Nthat wasn't just random? Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,JS: In the old days -- this is \Nkind of a graph from the old days, Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,commodities or currencies\Nhad a tendency to trend. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not necessarily the very light trend\Nyou see here, but trending in periods. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you decided, "OK, I'm going \Nto predict today, by the average move Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the past 20 days -- there's 20 days -- Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe that would be a good prediction,\Nand I'd make some money. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in fact, years ago\Nsuch a system would work -- Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not beautifully, but it would work. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You'd make money, \Nyou'd lose money, Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'd make money. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this is a year's worth of days, Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you'd make a little money \Nduring that period.