[Script Info] Title: [Events] Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Decades of housing discrimination have \Nhelped create an enormous wealth gap Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between white and black families. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- The enduring legacy of red-lining, the \Nlegal government sponsored effort to Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,deny mortgages and home ownership \Nopportunities to African-Americans and Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,other minorities continues to undermine \Ntheir quality of life. This violation of Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,basic civil rights continues to negatively \Nimpact education attainment, health Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,outcomes, wealth accumulation,\Nself-esteem, mortality rates, and Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,civic engagement. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Home ownership has proved to both the \Ndoorway and gatekeeper to success and Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,well-being in America. It is at the \Ncore of todays racial wealth gap. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- There's a very powerful myth in this\Ncountry, and that is that residential Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,segregation in this country is something \Nwe call de-facto segregation. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Something to happen by accident. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every textbook that's used in American \Nhigh schools and middle schools today Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lies about this history. \NIt talks about how Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,northern cities were de facto segregated,\Nwithout government involvement. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They talk about how the Federal Housing \NAdministration, did a wonderful job of Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,creating single family homes in the \Nsuburbs for working class families Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without mentioning that the working \Nclass families they had created these Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,homes for, could only be white. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- This began a history of excluding people\Nof color from government housing programs. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Intended to lower the cost of mortgages\Nand increase home ownership. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Segregated neighborhoods \Nby race using a code system. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Outlined minority neighborhoods\Nusing the color red. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Intended to expand the secondary \Nmortgage market by securitizing Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mortgage loans. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Community boards often denied \Nminority veterans mortgages. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many minority vets could not be \Nburied in the same cemetery as Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whites. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It wasn't until 1970 that lending to \Ncommunities of color began to Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,increase. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- The way this manifested itself is \Nthrough the drawing of maps. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Different neighborhoods were underwritten\Nas being riskier or safer and the Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,principle component that determined \Nriskiness or safety from a lending Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,standpoint was ethnic \Nand racial composition. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was at that point that the real estate \Ndevelopers began to drop strings Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around areas. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The local banker could choose \Nwho would get mortgages, where. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that we could not have gotten \Na loan out in the suburbs because Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those were whites only. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The concept of a middle class black\Nonly exists in the mind of a middle Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,class black. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everywhere else in the suburbs \Nyou are that nigger family on the Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,corner of Warren road \Nand Boulevard Way. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well the truth is that we've had in this\Ncountry generations of affirmative action Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for whites. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the sad truth of it is that \Nwhites don't know that that's Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,happened or they refuse to\Naccept it or don't understand Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the history. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what that leads to is this false\Nkind-of narrative that "I did it myself". Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know this, racial (inaudible), \Nindividual responsibility narrative. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- They were many federal, state, \Nand local policies explicitly racial Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,designed to create segregation in \Nevery Metropolitan area in the Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,country. And policies that were so\Npowerful that they still determine Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the racial boundaries of \NMetropolitan areas today. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Federal Housing Administration began \Na program to suburbanize the entire white Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,working class population \Ninto single family homes. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- This is Levittown, Pennsylvania. \NA new suburban community of Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sixty thousand people with its \Ngiant shopping center, winding Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lanes named for flowers and \Ntrees. It is (inaudible) typical of Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,communities all over America. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where families are pursuing the American\Ndream to give their children a better Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,chance in life. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nearly all are young people. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A large proportion are veterans. \NFor many it is the first house of Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their own and it represents a \Nmajor financial investment. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- In August 1957, Levittown,\NPennsylvania attracted Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,international attention as William Myers \NJr. and his family moved into the three Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bedroom house. They are very close \Nto the Levittown norm. Except in one Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,respect. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,William Myers Jr. and his family are \Nnegroes in an all-white community. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If more colored are allowed to move in,\NLevittown is going to go downhill. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- The only way that those developers \Ncould get the capital to do that was Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by going to the Federal Housing \NAdministration. In order to get Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that approval, they had to commit never\Nto sell a home to an African-American. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Access to leverage allowed middle-class \Nwhites to build wealth. The white Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,families who bought those homes were able \Nto use their wealth to send children to Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,college. And they use that to bequeath \Nwealth to their children, who can use Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it as down payments for their own homes. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Restrictive covenants ensured that \Nminorities could not buy into white Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,neighborhoods. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Properties shall continue to be \Noccupied by the same social Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and racial classes. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- When Karen and I purchased this home that \Nwas built in 1948 we found some documents Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a closet. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Neither the whole or any part of \Nsaid tract shall be sold, rented, Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or leased to any persons or persons\Nnot of white or caucasian race. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Created greatest growth of the middle\Nclass in the history of the world. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1940, 42 percent of white \Nfamilies owned their own home. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2000, 71 percent of white\Nfamilies owned their own home. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- So consequently those 71 percent, \N72 percent of white home owners Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who own their own home\Nshould be thankful to the Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,federal government for providing \Nthem this opportunity. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What did not happen or what \Nhappened at the same time Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was that we people of color where \Ndiscriminated against and were Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,prevented from taking advantage\Nof those opportunities. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- The recent housing and foreclosure\Ncrisis were a continuation of a form Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of red-lining. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Financial institutions practiced \Nunrealistic credit scoring and Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,predatory lending. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Subprime mortgages grew nearly 250 \Npercent. In 1998, subprime mortgages Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,made up 9.8 percent of the mortgage\Nmarket. By 2006, they made up 23.5 Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,percent of the market. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- And the gap between white home ownership\Nrates and black home ownership rates is Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,30 percentage points larger than it was\Nback in 1968. In 1968 the typical black Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,family had one-sixth as much \Nwealth as the typical white family. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now it is one-tenth. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have gone backwards \Nsince the civil rights era. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Latinos lost close to a 170 billion\Ndollars worth of equity that they Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had accumulated in the home \Nthat they purchased many Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many years before then. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- When they come to access products\Nthe choices that they are given are Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,limited. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you're given, instead of a \Nconventional loan, you're given Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a special loan that have higher \Ninterest rates or higher fees Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that again set you up for \Nforeclosure or failure as well. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- The scandal of your tenure is your \Nunwillingness to do your job and Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,enforce the laws that reduce \Nhousing discrimination. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- The housing crisis affected all \Ncommunities but disproportionally Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,devastated minority families. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Black and hispanic families lost\Nnearly 20 years of wealth between Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,2007 and 2013. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Minority home ownership is the \Nlowest it's been since 1996. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Red-lining discrimination in the \NAsian-American communities, live Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and kicking. And in California,\Nyou'll see that Asians have the Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,second highest probability\Nof going to foreclosure. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Very comparable to Latinos. \NLatinos were 1.4, for Asians it Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was 1.3. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so whether it is in home \Nownership, rental, small business, Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,foreclosure, across the \Nboard there is red-lining. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Between 1934 and 1962, 120 billion\Nin FHA and VA loans were issued. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over that period of time, \N98 percent of the loans Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,went to white families\Nand less than two Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,percent went to African-Americans \Nand other minorities. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Using the average Home Price Index\Nbetween 1934 through 2018, those Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,FHA, VA loans equates to at least \Nthree trillion dollars in current Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,real estate value. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Assuming that as loans were paid off\Nand excess funds were invested in Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stocks and other investments\Nconservatively, another two Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trillion were created. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This "White Subsidy" is the major \Ncontributor to the current racial Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wealth gap. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- So many way Americans experience\Nthis sense of self esteem, a sense of Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know superiority, if you will. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This sense of mastery, that they \Nhave created their own destiny Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in their lives. And they have no \Nacknowledgment of this invisible Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hand that supported them throughout\Ntheir lives and not just them, but there's Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a legacy of that invisible hand across \Ngenerations that has translated itself Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the original affirmative action\Nto trillions of dollars of head start Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ahead of other communities, like \NAfrican-Americans, Latinos, Native Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Americans, others who don't \Nhave the same benefit. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Children of homeowners are more likely\Nto graduate from high school, have less Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,childhood behavioral problems\Nand achieve higher college Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,graduation rates. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- In segregated housing, and in \Nneighborhoods that everybody is Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,segregated that tend to be low\Nincome neighborhoods. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is the greater likelihood that \Nthe youngsters will be involved in Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gangs, or will be recruited \Nto be in gangs. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- I noticed an absence of hope, \Nan absence of light. These kids Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were barraged with a message \Nevery single day of their lives, Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they weren't valued, that they\Ndidn't matter. And they internalized Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that. And that caused frustration \Nand anger, and eventually despair Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a loss of hope. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is now a very good science \Nthat shows the sense of not Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,belonging, the sense of lacking \Nself-esteem raises cortisol levels Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in your blood. And cortisol is good for \Nyou when you're in an extremely Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stressful situation, but when you're \Nconstantly bathed in cortisol, Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because you're constantly feeling these \Nstressors of being marginalized and Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being told that you're less worthy, \Nless valuable and being in constant Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,state of really fear and anxiety,\Nit changes your physiology Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,completely. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It makes you more prone \Nto cardiovascular disease, Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it makes you more prone \Nto diabetes, it makes Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,changes in your brain,\Nwhich actually makes it Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more difficult to engage \Nin what we call executive Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,function. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This kind of chronic stress which is \Ndriven by the policies that we've Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,created is lethal as any \Nknife or any gun. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Suppose discrimination did end today? Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How many generations would it take\Nto get to rough equality and wealth Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,across races. Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,France was seven generations, \Nmore than 200 years.