[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.67,0:00:02.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, let me add to the complexity
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.68,0:00:05.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the situation we find ourselves in.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.27,0:00:09.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the same time that we're solving\Nfor climate change,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.62,0:00:13.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're going to be building cities\Nfor three billion people.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.58,0:00:17.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's a doubling\Nof the urban environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.91,0:00:19.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we don't get that right,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.60,0:00:24.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not sure all the climate solutions\Nin the world will save mankind,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.81,0:00:28.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because so much depends\Non how we shape our cities:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.61,0:00:30.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not just environmental impacts,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.86,0:00:32.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but our social well-being,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.52,0:00:34.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our economic vitality,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.83,0:00:37.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our sense of community and connectedness.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.15,0:00:41.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fundamentally, the way we shape cities\Nis a manifestation
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.35,0:00:44.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the kind of humanity we bring to bear.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.03,0:00:47.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so getting it right is, I think,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.17,0:00:48.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the order of the day.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.84,0:00:52.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And to a certain degree, getting it right\Ncan help us solve climate change,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.49,0:00:53.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because in the end,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.66,0:00:57.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's our behavior that seems\Nto be driving the problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.12,0:00:58.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The problem isn't free-floating,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.02,0:01:02.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it isn't just ExxonMobil\Nand oil companies.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.95,0:01:04.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's us; how we live.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.34,0:01:07.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How we live.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.04,0:01:09.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a villain in this story.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.63,0:01:13.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's called sprawl,\Nand I'll be upfront about that.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.17,0:01:16.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's not just the kind of sprawl\Nyou think of, or many people think of,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.98,0:01:18.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as low-density development
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.63,0:01:21.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out at the periphery\Nof the metropolitan area.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.13,0:01:26.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Actually, I think sprawl can happen\Nanywhere, at any density.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.34,0:01:30.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The key attribute\Nis that it isolates people.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.05,0:01:34.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It segregates people\Ninto economic enclaves
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.97,0:01:36.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and land-use enclaves.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.58,0:01:38.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It separates them from nature.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.70,0:01:41.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It doesn't allow the cross-fertilization,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.88,0:01:43.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the interaction,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.17,0:01:45.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that make cities great places
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.62,0:01:47.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that make society thrive.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.39,0:01:53.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the antidote to sprawl is really\Nwhat we all need to be thinking about,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.16,0:01:57.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially when we're taking on\Nthis massive construction project.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.10,0:02:00.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let me take you through one exercise.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.61,0:02:04.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We developed the model\Nfor the state of California
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.40,0:02:07.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they could get on\Nwith reducing carbon emissions.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.05,0:02:13.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We did a whole series of scenarios\Nfor how the state could grow,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.57,0:02:16.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is just one\Noverly simplified one.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.71,0:02:19.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We mixed different development prototypes
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.53,0:02:23.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and said they're going to carry us\Nthrough the year 2050,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.37,0:02:28.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,10 million new crew\Nin our state of California.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.69,0:02:29.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one was sprawl.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.97,0:02:33.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's just more of the same:\Nshopping malls, subdivisions,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.52,0:02:34.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,office parks.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.73,0:02:38.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The other one was dominated by,\Nnot everybody moving to the city,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.54,0:02:40.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but just compact development,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.25,0:02:42.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what we used to think of\Nas streetcar suburbs,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.83,0:02:44.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,walkable neighborhoods,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.10,0:02:48.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,low-rise, but integrated,\Nmixed-used environments.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.97,0:02:51.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the results are astounding.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.43,0:02:54.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're astounding not just\Nfor the scale of the difference
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.62,0:02:58.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of this one shift\Nin our city-making habit
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.88,0:03:03.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also because each one represents\Na special interest group,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.23,0:03:08.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a special interest group\Nthat used to advocate for their concerns
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.65,0:03:09.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one at a time.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.84,0:03:14.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They did not see the, what I call,\N"co-benefits" of urban form
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.96,0:03:17.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that allows them to join with others.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.46,0:03:19.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, land consumption:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.07,0:03:21.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,environmentalists are really\Nconcerned about this,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.91,0:03:23.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so are farmers;
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.70,0:03:25.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's a whole range of people,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.94,0:03:29.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, of course, neighborhood groups\Nthat want open space nearby.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.86,0:03:31.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The sprawl version of California
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.97,0:03:35.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,almost doubles the urban\Nphysical footprint.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.43,0:03:39.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Greenhouse gas: tremendous savings,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.13,0:03:43.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because in California, our biggest\Ncarbon emission comes from cars,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.97,0:03:47.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and cities that don't depend\Non cars as much
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.69,0:03:50.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,obviously create huge savings.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.60,0:03:54.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Vehicle miles traveled:\Nthat's what I was just talking about.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.70,0:03:59.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just reducing the average 10,000 miles\Nper household per year,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.71,0:04:05.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from somewhere\Nin the mid-26,000 per household,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.06,0:04:09.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has a huge impact\Nnot just on air quality and carbon
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.97,0:04:12.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also on the household pocketbook.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.56,0:04:15.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's very expensive to drive that much,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.58,0:04:16.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as we've seen,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.100,0:04:19.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the middle class is struggling to hold on.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.31,0:04:24.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Health care: we were talking about\Nhow do you fix it once we broke it --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.32,0:04:25.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,clean the air.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.50,0:04:27.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why not just stop polluting?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.52,0:04:30.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why not just use our feet and bikes more?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.97,0:04:34.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's a function of the kinds\Nof cities that we shape.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.31,0:04:36.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Household costs:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.24,0:04:39.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,2008 was a mark in time,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.56,0:04:43.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not of just the financial\Nindustry running amok.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.64,0:04:48.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was that we were trying to sell\Ntoo many of the wrong kind of housing:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.33,0:04:51.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,large lot, single family, distant,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.30,0:04:55.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,too expensive for the average\Nmiddle-class family to afford
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.53,0:04:59.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, quite frankly, not a good fit\Nto their lifestyle anymore.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.15,0:05:01.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in order to move inventory,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.47,0:05:04.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can discount the financing\Nand get it sold.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.70,0:05:06.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that's a lot of what happened.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.57,0:05:09.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Reducing cost by 10,000 dollars --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.26,0:05:12.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,remember, in California\Nthe median is 50,000 --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.12,0:05:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is a big element.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.02,0:05:16.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's just cars and utility costs.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.68,0:05:20.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the affordable housing advocates,\Nwho often sit off in their silos
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.90,0:05:25.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,separate from the environmentalists,\Nseparate from the politicians,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.39,0:05:27.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everybody fighting with everyone,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.39,0:05:29.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now begin to see common cause,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.33,0:05:32.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I think the common cause\Nis what really brings about the change.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.84,0:05:36.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Los Angeles, as a result of these efforts,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.74,0:05:39.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has now decided to transform itself
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.79,0:05:43.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into a more transit-oriented environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.18,0:05:44.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a matter of fact, since '08,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.94,0:05:48.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they've voted in 400 billion dollars\Nof bonds for transit
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.92,0:05:51.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and zero dollars for new highways.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.79,0:05:52.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What a transformation:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.98,0:05:56.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,LA becomes a city of walkers and transit,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.34,0:05:57.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not a city of cars.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.54,0:05:58.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.57,0:05:59.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How does it happen?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.79,0:06:01.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You take the least\Ndesirable land, the strip,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.96,0:06:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you add where there's space, transit
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.03,0:06:08.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then you infill mixed-use development,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.31,0:06:10.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you satisfy new housing demands
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.52,0:06:12.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you make the existing neighborhoods
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.54,0:06:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all around it more complex,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.02,0:06:15.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more interesting, more walkable.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.84,0:06:19.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's another kind of sprawl:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.79,0:06:23.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,China, high-density sprawl,\Nwhat you think of as an oxymoron,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.32,0:06:26.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the same problems,\Neverything isolated in superblocks,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.78,0:06:30.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and of course this amazing smog\Nthat was just spoken to.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.33,0:06:33.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Twelve percent of GDP\Nin China now is spent
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.58,0:06:35.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the health impacts of that.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.80,0:06:39.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The history, of course,\Nof Chinese cities is robust.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.09,0:06:40.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's like any other place.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.37,0:06:43.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Community was all about small, local shops
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.40,0:06:47.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and local services and walking,\Ninteracting with your neighbors.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.57,0:06:49.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It may sound utopian, but it's not.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.72,0:06:51.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's actually what people really want.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.71,0:06:53.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The new superblocks --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.28,0:06:57.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these are blocks that would have\N5,000 units in them,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.22,0:07:01.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're gated as well,\Nbecause nobody knows anybody else.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.06,0:07:04.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course, there isn't even\Na sidewalk, no ground floor shops --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.58,0:07:06.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a very sterile environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.02,0:07:11.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I found this one case\Nhere in one of the superblocks
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.66,0:07:14.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where people had illicitly set up\Nshops in their garages
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.91,0:07:18.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that they could have that kind\Nof local service economy.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.63,0:07:23.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The desire of people\Nto get it right is there.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.41,0:07:26.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We just have to get the planners\Non board and the politicians.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.16,0:07:30.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All right. Some technical planning stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.99,0:07:34.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chongqing is a city of 30 million people.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.19,0:07:36.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's almost as big as California.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.58,0:07:38.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a small growth area.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.29,0:07:41.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They wanted us to test\Nthe alternative to sprawl
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.93,0:07:44.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in several cities across China.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.07,0:07:48.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is for four-and-a-half\Nmillion people.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.38,0:07:50.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What the takeaway from this image is,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.33,0:07:52.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every one of those circles\Nis a walking radius
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.01,0:07:54.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around a transit station --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.28,0:07:58.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,massive investment in metro and BRT,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.94,0:08:01.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a distribution that allows everybody
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.30,0:08:03.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to work within walking distance of that.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.94,0:08:06.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The red area, this is a blow-up.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.26,0:08:09.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of a sudden, our principles\Ncalled for green space
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.44,0:08:13.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,preserving the important\Necological features.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.15,0:08:17.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then those other streets in there\Nare auto-free streets.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.50,0:08:21.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So instead of bulldozing,\Nleveling the site
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.15,0:08:23.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and building right up to the river,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.24,0:08:27.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this green edge was something\Nthat really wasn't normative in China
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.48,0:08:30.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until these set of practices
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.08,0:08:32.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,began experimentation there.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.06,0:08:35.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The urban fabric, small blocks,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.04,0:08:37.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe 500 families per block.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.68,0:08:38.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They know each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.98,0:08:41.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The street perimeter has shops
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.36,0:08:43.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so there's local destinations.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.31,0:08:45.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the streets themselves become smaller,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.69,0:08:47.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because there are more of them.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.24,0:08:48.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Very simple,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.82,0:08:51.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,straightforward urban design.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.40,0:08:54.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, here you have something\NI dearly love.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.63,0:08:55.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think of the logic.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.35,0:08:58.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If only a third of the people have cars,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.52,0:09:02.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why do we give 100 percent\Nof our streets to cars?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.93,0:09:06.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if we gave 70 percent of the streets
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.13,0:09:08.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to car-free, to everybody else,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.33,0:09:10.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that the transit\Ncould move well for them,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.60,0:09:12.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that they could walk,\Nso they could bike?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.95,0:09:14.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why not have --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.37,0:09:15.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.85,0:09:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,geographic equity
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.02,0:09:20.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in our circulation system?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.70,0:09:24.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And quite frankly,\Ncities would function better.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.48,0:09:25.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No matter what they do,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.79,0:09:28.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no matter how many ring roads\Nthey build in Beijing,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.25,0:09:31.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they just can't overcome\Ncomplete gridlock.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.20,0:09:34.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is an auto-free street,\Nmixed use along the edge.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.67,0:09:37.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It has transit running down the middle.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.55,0:09:40.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm happy to make that transit\Nautonomous vehicles,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.68,0:09:43.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but maybe I'll have a chance\Nto talk about that later.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.61,0:09:47.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there are seven principles\Nthat have now been adopted
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.36,0:09:50.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the highest levels\Nin the Chinese government,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.08,0:09:51.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're moving to implement them.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.90,0:09:53.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they're simple,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.09,0:09:55.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they are globally,\NI think, universal principles.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.72,0:09:59.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One is to preserve\Nthe natural environment, the history
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.40,0:10:01.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the critical agriculture.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.31,0:10:03.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Second is mix.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.65,0:10:06.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mixed use is popular,\Nbut when I say mixed,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.19,0:10:08.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean mixed incomes, mixed age groups
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.66,0:10:11.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as well as mixed-land use.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.19,0:10:13.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Walk.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.37,0:10:16.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's no great city\Nthat you don't enjoy walking in.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.41,0:10:17.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You don't go there.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.75,0:10:20.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The places you go on vacation\Nare places you can walk.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.33,0:10:22.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why not make it everywhere?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.56,0:10:26.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bike is the most efficient\Nmeans of transportation we know.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.51,0:10:30.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,China has now adopted policies\Nthat put six meters of bike lane
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.28,0:10:31.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on every street.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.63,0:10:35.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're serious about getting back\Nto their biking history.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.60,0:10:37.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.08,0:10:39.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Complicated planner-ese here:
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.40,0:10:40.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,connect.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.76,0:10:44.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a street network\Nthat allows many routes
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.29,0:10:46.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead of singular routes
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.13,0:10:49.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and provides many kinds of streets\Ninstead of just one.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.75,0:10:52.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ride.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.12,0:10:54.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to invest more in transit.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.45,0:10:56.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's no silver bullet.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.25,0:10:59.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Autonomous vehicles are not\Ngoing to solve this for us.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.34,0:11:04.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a matter of fact, they're going\Nto generate more traffic, more VMT,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.53,0:11:05.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than the alternative.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.92,0:11:07.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And focus.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.16,0:11:11.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have a hierarchy of the city\Nbased on transit
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.34,0:11:14.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than the old armature of freeways.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.52,0:11:16.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a big paradigm shift,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.24,0:11:19.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but those two things\Nhave to get reconnected
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.94,0:11:24.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in ways that really shape\Nthe structure of the city.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.44,0:11:27.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I'm very hopeful.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.70,0:11:32.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In California, the United States, China --\Nthese changes are well accepted.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.50,0:11:35.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm hopeful for two reasons.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.16,0:11:37.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One is, most people get it.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.26,0:11:39.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They understand intrinsically
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.16,0:11:41.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what a great city can and should be.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.83,0:11:46.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The second is that the kind of analysis\Nwe can bring to bear now
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.70,0:11:49.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,allows people to connect the dots,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.94,0:11:52.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,allows people to shape\Npolitical coalitions
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.93,0:11:54.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that didn't exist in the past.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.72,0:11:58.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That allows them to bring into being\Nthe kinds of communities we all need.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.48,0:11:59.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.70,0:12:06.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.02,0:12:11.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chris Anderson: So, OK:\Nautonomous driving, self-driving cars.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.48,0:12:14.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A lot of people here\Nare very excited about them.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.44,0:12:18.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What are your concerns\Nor issues about them?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.43,0:12:21.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Peter Calthorpe: Well, I think\Nthere's almost too much hype here.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.59,0:12:25.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First is, everybody says\Nwe're going to get rid of a lot of cars.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.19,0:12:28.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What they don't say is you're going\Nto get a lot more vehicle miles.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.51,0:12:31.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're going to get a lot more\Ncars moving on streets.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.08,0:12:32.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There will be more congestion.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.97,0:12:35.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: Because they're so appealing --
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.30,0:12:37.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can drive while reading or sleeping.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.38,0:12:38.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,PC: Well, a couple of reasons.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.90,0:12:42.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One is, if they're privately owned,\Npeople will travel greater distances.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.90,0:12:44.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It'll be a new lease on life to sprawl.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.86,0:12:46.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you can work on your way to work,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.90,0:12:48.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can live in more remote locations.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.99,0:12:51.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It'll revitalize sprawl
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.56,0:12:53.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a way that I'm deeply frightened.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.92,0:12:55.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Taxis:
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.79,0:12:59.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about 50 percent of the surveys say\Nthat people won't share them.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.57,0:13:00.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If they don't share them,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.96,0:13:06.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can end up with a 90 percent\Nincrease in vehicle miles traveled.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.60,0:13:07.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you share them,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.94,0:13:11.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're still at around\Na 30 percent increase in VMT.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.50,0:13:14.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: Sharing them, meaning\Nhaving multiple people riding at once
Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.56,0:13:16.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in some sort of intelligent ride-sharing?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.56,0:13:19.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,PC: Yeah, so the Uber share\Nwithout a steering wheel.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.11,0:13:22.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The reality is, the efficiency\Nof vehicles -- you can do it
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.99,0:13:25.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with or without a steering wheel,\Nit doesn't matter.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.50,0:13:28.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They claim they're the only ones\Nthat are going to be efficient electric,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.02,0:13:30.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that's not true.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.20,0:13:33.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the real bottom line\Nis that walking, biking and transit
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.79,0:13:36.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are the way cities and communities thrive.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.98,0:13:39.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And putting people\Nin their private bubbles,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.81,0:13:42.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether they have a steering wheel or not,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.13,0:13:43.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the wrong direction.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.72,0:13:44.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And quite frankly,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.90,0:13:50.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the image of an AV on its way\Nto McDonald's to pick up a pack
Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.60,0:13:52.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without its owner,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.31,0:13:56.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just being sent off on these\Nkind of random errands
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.04,0:13:57.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is really frightening to me.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.47,0:14:00.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: Well, thank you for that,\Nand I have to say, the images you showed
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.85,0:14:04.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of those mixed-use streets\Nwere really inspiring, really beautiful.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.05,0:14:06.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,PC: Thank you.\NCA: Thank you for your work.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.23,0:14:07.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)