[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.78,0:00:02.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let me add to the complexity
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.68,0:00:05.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the situation we find ourselves in.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.46,0:00:09.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the same time that we're\Nsolving for climate change,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.81,0:00:11.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're going to be building cities
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.65,0:00:14.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for three billion people.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.78,0:00:18.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's a doubling\Nof the urban environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.07,0:00:19.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we don't get that right,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.77,0:00:22.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not sure all the climate solutions
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.16,0:00:24.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the world will save mankind,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.99,0:00:29.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because so much depends\Non how we shape our cities,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.36,0:00:31.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not just environmental impacts,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.08,0:00:32.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but our social well beling,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.74,0:00:34.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our economic vitality,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.63,0:00:38.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our sense of community and connectedness.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.23,0:00:40.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fundamentally, the way we shape cities
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.74,0:00:44.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a manifestation of the kind\Nof humanity we bring to bear,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.26,0:00:47.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so getting it right is, I think,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.17,0:00:49.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the order of the day.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.47,0:00:52.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And to a certain degree, getting it right\Ncan help us solve climate change,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.50,0:00:55.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because in the end, it's our behavior
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.02,0:00:57.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that seems to be driving the problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.24,0:00:59.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The problem isn't free-floating,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.14,0:01:01.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it isn't just ExxonMobil
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.05,0:01:03.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and oil companies,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.24,0:01:05.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's us,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.20,0:01:06.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how we live,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.40,0:01:08.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how we live.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.20,0:01:09.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a villain in this story.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.79,0:01:11.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's called sprawl,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.60,0:01:13.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'll be up front about that,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.33,0:01:15.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's not just the kind of sprawl\Nyou think of or many people think of
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.86,0:01:18.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as low-density development
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.74,0:01:22.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out the periphery\Nof the metropolitan area.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.34,0:01:24.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Actually, I think that sprawl\Ncan happen anywhere
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.90,0:01:29.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at any density.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.33,0:01:31.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The key attribute\Nis that it isolates people.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.18,0:01:35.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It segregates people\Ninto economic enclaves
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.06,0:01:36.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and land use enclaves.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.79,0:01:38.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It separates them from nature.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.91,0:01:42.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It doesn't allow the cross-fertilization,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.09,0:01:45.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the interaction\Nthat make cities great places
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.82,0:01:48.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that make society thrive.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.69,0:01:53.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so the antidote to sprawl is really\Nwhat we'll need to be thinking about,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.29,0:01:58.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially when we're taking on\Nthis massive construction project.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.37,0:02:01.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let me take you through one exercise.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.30,0:02:01.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We did this --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.76,0:02:06.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We developed the model\Nfor the state of California
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.06,0:02:07.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they could get on with reducing
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.58,0:02:08.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,carbon emissions.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.56,0:02:11.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We did a whole series of scenarios
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.77,0:02:13.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for how the state could grow,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.67,0:02:16.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is just one\Noverly simplified one.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.87,0:02:19.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We mixed different development prototypes
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.69,0:02:21.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and said they're going to carry us
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.56,0:02:23.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through the year 2050,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.52,0:02:26.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,10 million new crew
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.52,0:02:28.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in our state of California.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.88,0:02:30.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one was sprawl.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.36,0:02:31.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's just more of the same:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.68,0:02:34.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shopping malls, subdivisions,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.32,0:02:35.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,office parks.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.28,0:02:36.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The other one was dominated
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.46,0:02:39.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by not everybody moving to the city
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.14,0:02:40.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but just compact development,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.50,0:02:43.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what we used to think of\Nas streetcar suburbs,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.03,0:02:44.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,walkable neighborhoods,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.44,0:02:45.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,low-rise
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.27,0:02:49.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but integrated, mixed-used environments.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.10,0:02:51.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the results are astounding.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.64,0:02:55.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're astounding not just\Nfor the scale of the difference
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.13,0:02:58.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of this one shift in our\Ncity-making habit,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.98,0:03:01.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also because each one represents
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.25,0:03:04.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a special interest group,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.23,0:03:08.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a special interest group that used\Nto advocate for their concerns
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.26,0:03:09.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one at a time.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.92,0:03:13.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They did not see what I call co-benefits
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.59,0:03:15.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of urban form
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.36,0:03:17.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that allows them to join with others.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.78,0:03:19.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So land consumption.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.39,0:03:22.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Environmentalists are really\Nconcerned about this.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.45,0:03:23.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So are farmers.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.62,0:03:26.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a whole range of people,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.04,0:03:29.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and of course neighborhood groups\Nthat want open space nearby.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.53,0:03:32.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The sprawl version of California,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.54,0:03:36.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it almost doubles the urban,\Nthe physical footprint.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.68,0:03:38.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Greenhouse gas,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.02,0:03:39.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tremendous savings
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.61,0:03:41.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because, in California,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.30,0:03:44.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our biggest carbon emission\Ncomes from cars,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.21,0:03:47.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and cities that don't\Ndepend on cars as much
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.94,0:03:51.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,obviously create huge savings.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.70,0:03:53.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Vehicle miles traveled.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.99,0:03:54.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's what I was just talking about.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.86,0:03:59.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just reducing the average 10,000 miles\Nper household per year
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.87,0:04:05.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from somewhere in the mid\N26,000 per household
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.06,0:04:08.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has a huge impact not just on air quality
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.43,0:04:10.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and carbon
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.12,0:04:12.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also on the household pocketbook.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.84,0:04:14.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's very expensive to drive that much,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.59,0:04:17.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as we've seen,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.08,0:04:18.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the middle class is struggling to hold on.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.96,0:04:21.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Health care.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.33,0:04:24.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well you know, we were\Ntalking about how do you fix it
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.65,0:04:25.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,once we broke it,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.36,0:04:26.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,clean the air.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.32,0:04:27.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why not just stop polluting?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.72,0:04:30.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why not just use our feet
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.17,0:04:31.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and bikes more?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.20,0:04:35.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's a function of the kinds\Nof cities that we shape.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.38,0:04:36.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Household costs.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.93,0:04:39.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,2008 was a mark in time,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.80,0:04:43.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not of just financial\Nindustry running amok.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.38,0:04:48.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was that we were trying to sell\Ntoo many of the wrong kind of housing:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.48,0:04:50.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,large lot, single family, distant,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.53,0:04:52.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,too expensive for the average\Nmiddle class family to afford,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.80,0:04:59.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and quite frankly not a good fit\Nto their lifestyle anymore.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.53,0:05:01.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in order to move inventory,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.47,0:05:04.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can discount the financing\Nand get it sold.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.87,0:05:06.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that's a lot of what happened.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.74,0:05:09.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Reducing cost by 10,000 dollars --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.70,0:05:11.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,remember, in California\Nthe median is 50,000 --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.13,0:05:14.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is a big element.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.02,0:05:16.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's just cars and utility costs.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.68,0:05:18.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the affordable housing advocates,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.63,0:05:21.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who often sit off in their silo
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.07,0:05:23.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,separate from the environmentalists,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.21,0:05:25.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,separate from the politicians,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.75,0:05:27.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everybody fighting with everybody,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.36,0:05:29.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now begin to see common cause,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.60,0:05:33.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I think the common cause\Nis what really brings about the change.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.84,0:05:35.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Los Angeles,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.28,0:05:36.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a result of these efforts,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.94,0:05:39.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has now decided to transform itself
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.79,0:05:43.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into a more transit-oriented environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.31,0:05:45.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a matter of fact, since '08,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.94,0:05:48.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they voted in 400 billion dollars\Nof bonds for transit
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.78,0:05:51.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and zero dollars for new highways.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.96,0:05:53.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What a transformation:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.15,0:05:56.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,LA becomes a city of walkers and transit,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.26,0:05:57.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not a city of cars.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.47,0:05:58.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.32,0:05:59.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How does it happen?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.49,0:06:02.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You take the least\Ndesirable land, the strip.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.02,0:06:04.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You add where there's space, transit,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.22,0:06:08.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then you infill mixed use development,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.31,0:06:10.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you satisfy new housing demands,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.61,0:06:12.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you make the existing neighborhoods
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.99,0:06:14.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all around it more complex,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.31,0:06:16.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more interesting, more walkable.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.84,0:06:19.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay. Here's another kind of sprawl:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.59,0:06:22.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,China, high density sprawl,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.07,0:06:24.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what you think of as an oxymoron,\Nbut the same problems,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.36,0:06:27.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everything isolated in superblocks,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.05,0:06:30.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and of course this amazing smog\Nthat was just spoken to.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.60,0:06:36.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Twelve percent of GDP in China now\Nis spent on the health impacts of that.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.13,0:06:38.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The history, of course,\Nof Chinese cities is robust.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.19,0:06:40.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's like any other place.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.31,0:06:43.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Community was all about\Nsmall, local shops and local services
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.42,0:06:45.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and walking,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.98,0:06:47.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,interacting with your neighbors.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.57,0:06:49.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It may sound utopian, but it's not.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.82,0:06:51.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's actually what people really want.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.81,0:06:53.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The new superblocks,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.51,0:06:57.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these are blocks that would have\N5,000 units in them,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.45,0:07:01.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're gated as well,\Nbecause nobody knows anybody else.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.32,0:07:03.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course, there\Nisn't even a sidewalk,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.54,0:07:06.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no ground floor shops,\Na very sterile environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.100,0:07:10.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I found this one case
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.28,0:07:11.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,here in one of the superblocks
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.82,0:07:15.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where people had illicitly set up\Nshops in their garages
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.07,0:07:19.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that they could have that kind\Nof local service economy.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.13,0:07:23.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The desire of people\Nto get it right is there.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.41,0:07:27.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We just have to get the planners\Non board and the politicians.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.36,0:07:28.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All right.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.12,0:07:31.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some technical planning stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.15,0:07:34.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Xianching is a city of 30 million people.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.19,0:07:36.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's almost as big as California.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.67,0:07:38.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a small growth area.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.55,0:07:42.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They wanted us to test\Nthe alternative to sprawl
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.19,0:07:45.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in several cities across China.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.28,0:07:48.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is for four\Nand a half million people.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.38,0:07:50.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The takeaway from this image is
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.50,0:07:51.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every one of those circles
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.80,0:07:55.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a walking radius\Naround a transit station,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.28,0:07:59.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,massive investment in metro and BRT
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.02,0:08:01.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a distribution that allows everybody
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.38,0:08:04.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to work within walking distance of that.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.32,0:08:06.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The red area, this is a blow-up.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.45,0:08:09.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of a sudden, our principles\Ncalled for green space
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.63,0:08:13.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,preserving the important\Necological features.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.56,0:08:15.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then those other streets in there
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.74,0:08:17.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are auto-free streets.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.61,0:08:21.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So instead of bulldozing,\Nleveling the site,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.54,0:08:22.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and building right up to the river,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.97,0:08:25.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this green edge was something
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.06,0:08:27.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that really wasn't normative in China
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.48,0:08:29.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until these set of practices
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.78,0:08:33.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,began experimentation there.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.29,0:08:35.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The urban fabric, small blocks,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.27,0:08:37.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe 500 families per block.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.91,0:08:39.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They know each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.31,0:08:41.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The street perimeter has shops
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.52,0:08:43.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so there's local destinations.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.47,0:08:45.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the streets themselves become smaller
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.69,0:08:47.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because there are more of them.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.54,0:08:49.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Very simple,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.55,0:08:51.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,straightforward urban design.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.64,0:08:54.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now here you have something I dearly love.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.87,0:08:56.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think of the logic.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.17,0:08:58.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If only a third of the people have cars,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.65,0:09:03.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why do we give 100 percent\Nof our streets to cars?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.13,0:09:05.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if we gave 70 percent of the streets
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.86,0:09:08.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to car-free, to everybody else,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.48,0:09:11.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that the transit\Ncould move well for them,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.03,0:09:12.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that they could walk,\Nso they could bike?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.36,0:09:13.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.20,0:09:17.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why not have geographic equity
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.83,0:09:21.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in our circulation system?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.27,0:09:23.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And quite frankly,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.77,0:09:24.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cities would function better.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.99,0:09:25.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No matter what they do,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.96,0:09:28.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no matter how many ring roads\Nthey build in Beijing,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.24,0:09:31.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they just can't overcome\Ncomplete gridlock.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.34,0:09:34.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is an auto-free street,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.93,0:09:35.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mixed use along the edge.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.95,0:09:37.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It has transit running down the middle.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.63,0:09:40.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm happy to make that transit\Nautonomous vehicles,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.88,0:09:43.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but maybe I'll have a chance\Nto talk about that later.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.82,0:09:47.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there are seven principles\Nthat have now been adopted
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.90,0:09:50.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the highest levels\Nin the Chinese government,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.62,0:09:51.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're moving to implement them.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.97,0:09:55.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they're simple,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.92,0:09:57.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they are globally,\NI think, universal principles.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.25,0:09:58.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One is to preserve\Nthe natural environment,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.64,0:10:01.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the history, and the critical agriculture.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.50,0:10:03.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Second is mix.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.78,0:10:05.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mixed use is popular,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.27,0:10:07.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but when I say mix, I mean mix incomes,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.69,0:10:11.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mix age groups as well as\Nmixed land use.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.60,0:10:13.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Walk.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.21,0:10:16.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's no great city that\Nyou don't enjoy walking in.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.10,0:10:17.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You don't go there.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.61,0:10:20.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The places you go on vacation\Nare places you can walk.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.45,0:10:22.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why not make it everywhere?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.56,0:10:26.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bike is the most efficient\Nmeans of transportation we know.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.04,0:10:30.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,China has now adopted policies\Nthat put six meters of bike lane
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.28,0:10:31.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on every street.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.79,0:10:35.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're serious about getting back\Nto their biking history.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.76,0:10:37.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.24,0:10:39.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Complicated planner you see here.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.56,0:10:40.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Connect.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.83,0:10:44.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a street network\Nthat allows many routes
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.13,0:10:46.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead of singular routes
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.21,0:10:48.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and provides many kinds of streets
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.36,0:10:51.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead of just one.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.31,0:10:52.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ride.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.33,0:10:54.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to invest more in transit.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.66,0:10:56.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's no silver bullet.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.46,0:10:59.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Autonomous vehicles are not\Ngoing to solve this for us.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.34,0:11:03.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a matter of fact, they're going\Nto generate more traffic,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.66,0:11:04.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more VMT
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.77,0:11:06.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than the alternative.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.64,0:11:07.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And focus.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.42,0:11:10.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have a hierarchy of the city
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.01,0:11:12.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,based on transit
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.11,0:11:14.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than the old armiture of freeways.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.70,0:11:17.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a big paradigm shift,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.70,0:11:20.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but those two things have to get\Nreconnected in ways
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.55,0:11:25.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that really shape\Nthe structure of the city.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.63,0:11:28.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I'm very hopeful.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.03,0:11:30.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In California, in the United States,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.54,0:11:32.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,China, these changes are well accepted.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.74,0:11:35.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm hopeful for two reasons.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.26,0:11:37.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One is most people get it.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.60,0:11:39.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They understand intrinsically
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.31,0:11:41.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what a great city can and should be.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.97,0:11:44.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the second is
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.92,0:11:46.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the kind of analysis\Nwe can bring to bear now
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.89,0:11:50.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,allows people to connect the dots,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.13,0:11:53.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,allows people to shape\Npolitical coalitions
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.48,0:11:54.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that didn't exist in the past.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.82,0:11:58.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That allows them to bring into being\Nthe kinds of communities we all need.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.70,0:12:00.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.06,0:12:08.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.05,0:12:11.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chris Anderson: So okay,\Nautonomous driving, self-driving cars.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.48,0:12:14.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A lot of people are\Nvery excited about them.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.38,0:12:18.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What are your concerns\Nor issues about them?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.58,0:12:21.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Peter Calthorpe: Well, you know,\NI think there's almost too much hype here.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.28,0:12:25.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First is, everybody says, well\Nwe're going to get rid of a lot of cars.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.19,0:12:28.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What they don't say is you're going\Nto get a lot more vehicle miles.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.02,0:12:31.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're going to get a lot more\Ncars moving on streets.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.28,0:12:33.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There will be more congestion.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.28,0:12:34.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: Because they're so appealing,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.80,0:12:37.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can drive while reading or sleeping.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.23,0:12:38.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,PC: Couple reasons. Couple reasons.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.70,0:12:41.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One is, if they're privately owned,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.14,0:12:43.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people will travel greater distances.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.16,0:12:45.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It'll be a new lease on life to sprawl.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.08,0:12:47.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you can work on your way to work,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.12,0:12:49.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can live in more remote locations.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.51,0:12:51.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It'll revitalize sprawl
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.77,0:12:54.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a way that I'm deeply frightened.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.47,0:12:56.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Taxis:
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.35,0:12:59.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about 50 percent of the surveys
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.79,0:13:00.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,say that people won't share them.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.50,0:13:01.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If they don't share them,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.20,0:13:05.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can end up with a 90 percent\Nincrease in vehicle miles traveled.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.82,0:13:08.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you share them,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.12,0:13:11.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're still at around 30 percent\Nincreased in VMT.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.67,0:13:13.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: Sharing them meaning\Nhaving multiple people riding at once
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.87,0:13:15.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in some sort of intelligent ride-sharing.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.82,0:13:18.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,PC: Yeah, so the Uber share\Nwithout a steering wheel.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.91,0:13:22.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The reality is,\Nthe efficiency of vehicles,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.29,0:13:24.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know, you can do it\Nwith or without a steering wheel.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.36,0:13:25.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It doesn't matter.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.40,0:13:28.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They claim that they're the only ones\Nthat are going to be efficient electric,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:28.11,0:13:29.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that's not true.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.31,0:13:31.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the real bottom line
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.33,0:13:33.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that walking, biking and transit
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.68,0:13:37.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are the way cities and communities thrive,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.15,0:13:39.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and putting people\Nin their private bubbles,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.86,0:13:41.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether they have a steering wheel or not,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.83,0:13:44.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the wrong direction.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.01,0:13:45.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And quite frankly,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.01,0:13:48.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the image of an AV\Non its way to McDonald's
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.47,0:13:50.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to pick up a pack
Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.46,0:13:52.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without its owner,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.49,0:13:56.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just being sent off on these kinds\Nof random errands
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.23,0:13:57.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is really frightening to me.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.76,0:14:01.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: Well thank you for that,\Nand I have to say the images you showed
Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.21,0:14:03.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of those mixed use streets,\Nreally inspiring, really beautiful.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.66,0:14:05.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you for your work.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:05.23,0:14:06.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,PC: Thank you.\NCA: Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.75,0:14:07.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)