(Ian Goldin) Great, thank you: it's 
wonderful to be with educators

who care about the intersection
of learning and technology,

because that's going to shape the future.

Whether we're able 
to get this right or not

will determine whether we have
a glorious 21st century

or a period of unmitigated risks.

The walls are coming down everywhere and
it's difficult to not think about this,

being so close to it, here in Berlin,

25 years ago, these walls coming down.

But it's not just about physical walls
coming down,

it's about mental walls,
it's about financial walls,

it's about technological walls.

All the walls are coming down,
and it's that...

which makes this the most exciting century 
in the history of humanity.

It changes all of our lives
in surprising ways.

And it's certainly changed mine.

I was living in Paris 
when this wall came down.

I didn't imagine that it would touch me
personally.

I thought it was about Eastern Europe,
about the Cold War, about something else.

But within 6 months, I would, 
much to my surprise,

I was invited to have dinner with
President Mandela in Paris.

He wasn't president then, 
he had just been released from prison.

But he was released 
because the Cold War ended.

And the defining feature of this period
we live in our lives

is that what happens elsewhere will
dramatically affect us in new ways.

It's this change that results 
from the walls coming down.

And it's this change that will shape
education going forward

and technological progress.

And of course, the other fundamental 
period of -- in this time --

is technology, technology, 
which got off the ground

at the same time as the Berlin Wall
came down, over 25 years.

This exponential growth in
virtual connectivity.

And now we have a world of 5 billion
literate, educated people

whereas we had a world, only 30 years ago,

of well less than a billion 
connected people.

Four billion more literate
connected people in the world,

and this is the engine of change,

where the people in the slums of Mumbai,
Soweto's Al Pano (check)

or in apartments in Berlin,

they will contribute to change 
in surprising new ways.

And they're coming together.

There is a release of individual genius.

If you believe in the random distribution
of exceptional capabilities, which I do,

there is just more people out there,
educated, connected, giving, learning.

But I also believe in collective genius,

the capabilities of people 
coming together,

to form teams, 
to learn from each other

through the methods that 
we learned about this morning.

and in other ways.

So new cures for cancer being developed
in 24-hour cycles around the world.

My lab in Oxford doing this with people 
in Beijing and San Francisco, in Palo Alto

and all over, in real time.

There is no sleep on innovation any more.

And that's the power, the engine,
which brings change.

So if you think you've seen 
a lot of change

be ready for much more surprises.

This is the slowest time in history
you will know.

It's going to get faster,
the pace of change greater,

the surprises more intense.

It's always going to be

more and more difficult 
to predict what's next.

Uncertainty will grow because
the pace of change is growing.

Because the walls have come down,

there are two billion more people 
in the world since 1990.

And that's because ideas have traveled,
simple ideas,

like washing your hands prevents
contagious diseases;

really complicated ideas
like those embedded in vaccines...

in new cures for cancer
and many other things.

Two billion more people coming together,
most of them now urbanized,

and even those that aren't
physically together,

virtually together.

A quite extraordinary moment
in human history,

one where we've come together
as a community,

like we were 150'000 years ago,
when we lived in villages together,

our ancestors in East Africa,
and the dispersed around the world

and now, reconnected.

And it's this reconnection which,
I believe, gives us the potential.

But do we learn from it?

And are we able to think of ourselves
in new ways,

because we're connecting in new ways?

Is this wall coming down changing the way
we are and we think?

Or do we still think like individualists
in our nation states,

pursuing our own self-interest
and those of our countries,

not realizing that now,
we are in a different game?

Now we're in a game in which
we have to cooperate,

where we have to think about others,

where our actions, for the first time,
spill over in dramatic new ways

and affect people 
on the other side of the planet.

This pace of education means that 
not only are we liberating ourselves,

but we're liberating people from
all sorts of past habits.

And this change is leading 
to quick changes in social norms.

Acceptance of gay marriage 
is one of those,

but there'll be many, many, many others.

And so, what we think about 
as normal today...

will seem very strange 
in a few years' time:

the space of change driven by education,

more doctorates being created 
in China now...

than in the rest of the world 
put together every year,

more scientists alive today...

than all the scientists 
that ever lived in history,

more literate people alive today...

than all the literate people 
that ever lived in history.

This is the engine of change.

But it's not simply about 
more and more progress.

It's not simply that we know...

that this is going to get 
better and better.

It's about what's next.

We don't know what the future holds.

We live in this extraordinary moment 
of our lives...

where we've seen exponential growth
in income: that's red.

And we seen this most rapid 
increase in population,

and income growth, even more rapid
than population growth, which is why

people have escaped poverty at a pace
that has never happened in history.

Despite the world's population increasing
by two billion over the last 25 years,

the number of desperately poor people
has gone down by about 300 million.

This has never happened before.

This is an incredible time, by far 
the best time to be alive.

Just while you're here, your average 
life expectancy should increase...

by about 10 hours.

That's the pace of progress.

What you're learning,
and what's happening in the labs.

And it's that which makes me 
incredibly optimistic.

This is the age of discovery,
this is the new Renaissance.

This is a period of creativity
and technological change...

which hasn't been seen for 500 years.

This is from my stem cell lab
in the Oxford Martin School:

the lab technician's skin
turned into a heart cell.

And this is one of the 
extraordinary things that's happening...

that makes one so excited 
about the future.

A future of rising life expectancy,
so children being born today...

in Berlin or elsewhere in Europe,
will have life expectancies well over 100,

and not having to worry about the things
that I worry about,

like Alzeheimer's, Parkinson's and dementia.

But what skills are they learning today
that will help them shape this future?

Prepare for it