[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:03.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Time makes sense in small pieces.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.82,0:00:06.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when you look at huge\Nstretches of time,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.47,0:00:09.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it’s almost impossible to wrap\Nyour head around things.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.70,0:00:11.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let’s start small
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.80,0:00:14.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with minutes, hours, days.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.97,0:00:19.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You probably spent the last 24 hours\Nmostly sleeping and working,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.01,0:00:20.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with some coffee in there somewhere.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.21,0:00:23.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Please watch less TV.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.93,0:00:27.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now let’s look at 2013:\Nrelatively unnoticed,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.76,0:00:31.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hitler’s bodyguard died at the age of 96
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.30,0:00:35.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while in June, Edward Snowden\Nstarted the NSA scandal.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.38,0:00:39.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Moving back a bit, the 21st century is\Nstill pretty young and largely shaped
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.96,0:00:44.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the attacks on 9/11 that ultimately \Nled to the third Iraq war.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.71,0:00:48.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oh, and Facebook and smartphones\Ntook over our lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.58,0:00:50.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we’re just getting started:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.82,0:00:53.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let’s back up further!
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.06,0:01:03.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The 20th century has seen its share\Nof conflicts too.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.30,0:01:05.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After two devastating World Wars,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.33,0:01:08.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Cold War lasted for almost the\Nwhole second half of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.18,0:01:12.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An average human lifespan\Ncovers most of this stuff
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.15,0:01:16.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as well as the birth of the internet \Nand the beginning of the information age.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.19,0:01:21.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The oldest living person on Earth\Nis currently Misao Okawa,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.16,0:01:25.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who was born in 1898, which means that\Nher birth was closer to
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.100,0:01:29.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Napoleon ruling Europe\Nthan to the current day.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.09,0:01:32.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The last 500 years of human history
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.31,0:01:35.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,brought enormous changes\Nto our lifestyles:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.44,0:01:39.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Industrialisation gave rise to new\Nideas like communism,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.37,0:01:43.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,farmers became workers \Nand knowledge became easier to distribute.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.08,0:01:48.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The theory of evolution changed how we\Nsaw ourselves and the world we live in.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.44,0:01:50.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All in a few hundred years!
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.10,0:01:53.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The 15th century was very eventful:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.46,0:01:57.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Columbus’s “discovery” of America\Nand the fall of Constantinople
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.59,0:02:00.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mark the end of the Middle Ages.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.36,0:02:03.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People in the Middle Ages where super into\Nwar over territory and religion
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.82,0:02:06.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the Black Plague was far\Nmore efficient than war,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.74,0:02:10.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,killing every third European in six years.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.64,0:02:14.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Arriving in the Common Era,\Nlet’s take a look where we came from!
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.12,0:02:20.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our current century is tiny,\Nand 2013 is barely visible.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.14,0:02:23.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is recorded human history.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.66,0:02:27.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The pyramids were constructed\N4,500 years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.70,0:02:30.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the peak of the Roman Empire was\N2,000 years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.92,0:02:35.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so to the Romans the pyramids were as old\Nas the Romans are to us today.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.43,0:02:41.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,History starts with writing.\NBut what happened before that?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.43,0:02:45.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,About 12,000 years ago, \Nthe agricultural revolution took place.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.49,0:02:48.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mankind began farming,\Nwhich gave rise to
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.01,0:02:50.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the existence of cities\Nand larger communities.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.16,0:02:55.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The dominance of the human species over\Nplanet Earth really started here.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.58,0:02:59.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,90,000 years ago, neanderthals and\Nhumans coexist in Europe.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.92,0:03:03.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fun fact: this is roughly the time\Nperiod a modern spacecraft
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.70,0:03:06.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would need to reach the nearest star.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.92,0:03:11.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Homo sapiens, the modern human,\Nevolved 200,000 years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.89,0:03:17.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Looking at all of human history, what\Nwe call AD seems pretty small, doesn’t it?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.96,0:03:20.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,6,000,000 years ago, our ancestors
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.18,0:03:24.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the modern chimpanzee shared \Na common ancestor for the last time,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.81,0:03:29.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for 2,750,000 years, stone tools\Nwere all the rage.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.73,0:03:35.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A mere 65,000,000 years ago, the age of\Nthe dinosaurs ended in
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.09,0:03:38.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an enormous explosion, which paved\Nthe way for the rise of mammals.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.85,0:03:41.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the dinosaurs ruled the Earth\Nfor an incredibly long time:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.60,0:03:44.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over 165,000,000 years!
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.06,0:03:49.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That’s so long that it means a T. rex\Nthat lived 65,000,000 years ago
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.88,0:03:53.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is closer to seeing a\Nlive Miley Cirus concert
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.09,0:03:55.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than to seeing a live stegosaurus!
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.03,0:03:59.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Animal life on this planet\Nstarted 600,000,000 years ago:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.94,0:04:03.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the earliest animals were fish and\Nother small simple sea creatures,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.68,0:04:06.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then came insects, then reptiles,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.16,0:04:09.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and finally, around 200,000,000 years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.27,0:04:11.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mammals join the party!
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.08,0:04:14.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Life itself began much further back:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.95,0:04:17.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,3,600,000,000 years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.09,0:04:21.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before any animals appeared,\Nthere were 2,400,000,000 years
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.39,0:04:24.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when life consisted only of tiny microbes,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.88,0:04:27.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,countless single-cell bacteria.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.80,0:04:32.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For 3,000,000,000 years, all life on Earth\Nwas invisible to the naked eye.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.57,0:04:36.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It’s hard to understand how\Nsingle-cell organisms
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.62,0:04:40.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could develop into complex\Nlife forms like fish or sloths.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.89,0:04:44.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The answer is time, a whole lot of time:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.82,0:04:48.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,2,400,000,000 years is lot of\Ntime to work with!
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.26,0:04:53.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,4,600,000,000 years ago, the Sun was born\Nfrom the remnants of a giant explosion,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.90,0:04:57.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,60,000,000 years later, Earth formed.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.06,0:05:01.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In those early years, frequent bombardment\Nby comets and asteroids
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.18,0:05:05.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,supplied the Earth with large oceans \Nand a moon to send spaceships to.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.46,0:05:11.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But as far as the whole universe goes,\Nour Solar system is pretty new.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.78,0:05:15.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,13,750,000,000 years ago, the\Nuniverse was born, and
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.90,0:05:20.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,600,000,000 years later, our own galaxy\Nformed from billions of stars,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.41,0:05:22.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but what was before the Big Bang?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.58,0:05:27.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The truth is, we don’t know that yet,\Nand maybe we never will.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.68,0:05:30.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we gave it some colours so\Nat least we have that.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.68,0:05:32.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there you have it:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.58,0:05:34.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the past.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.69,0:05:38.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now let’s take a look at what\Nwe know about the future.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.48,0:05:41.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In roughly 1,000,000,000 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.26,0:05:45.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Sun will be so hot that \Nlife on Earth becomes impossible.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.46,0:05:50.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The death of the Sun 4,000,000,000 years\Nlater marks the end of the Solar system.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.82,0:05:53.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, so no more Solar system.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.46,0:05:55.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what happens after that?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.99,0:05:59.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A few trillions years from now,\Nstar production will cease
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.28,0:06:03.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and one day the last star in the\Nuniverse will die.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.44,0:06:05.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The universe will turn dark,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.62,0:06:07.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,inhabited only by black holes.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.68,0:06:11.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Long after the last black hole\Nhas evaporated,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.04,0:06:14.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our universe reaches its\Nfinal stage,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.20,0:06:16.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something called heat death.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.90,0:06:18.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nothing changes anymore,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.62,0:06:19.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the universe
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.84,0:06:20.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is dead
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.40,0:06:22.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,forever.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.93,0:06:27.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now you’re feeling some pretty\Nweird feelings right now, aren’t you?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.91,0:06:29.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are too.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.18,0:06:30.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It’s only natural.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.54,0:06:32.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The good news is:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.65,0:06:35.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is all far, far away.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.14,0:06:38.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The only time that actually\Nmatters is now!
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.93,0:06:40.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That cute girl you like,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.04,0:06:42.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ask her out!
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.43,0:06:43.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Time is precious,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.64,0:06:44.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,make it count!