[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I just came back from a community
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.00,0:00:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that holds the secret to human survival.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.00,0:00:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a place where women run the show,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.00,0:00:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have sex to say hello,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.00,0:00:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and play rules the day --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.00,0:00:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where fun is serious business.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.00,0:00:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And no, this isn't Burning Man
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.00,0:00:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or San Francisco.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.00,0:00:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.00,0:00:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ladies and gentlemen, meet your cousins.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.00,0:00:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the world of wild bonobos
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.00,0:00:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the jungles of Congo.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.00,0:00:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bonobos are, together with chimpanzees,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.00,0:00:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your living closest relative.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.00,0:00:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That means we all share a common ancestor,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.00,0:00:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an evolutionary grandmother,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.00,0:00:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who lived around six million years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.00,0:00:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, chimpanzees are well-known
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.00,0:00:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for their aggression.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.00,0:00:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.00,0:00:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But unfortunately,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.00,0:00:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have made too much of an emphasis
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.00,0:00:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of this aspect
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.00,0:01:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in our narratives of human evolution.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.00,0:01:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But bonobos show us
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.00,0:01:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the other side of the coin.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.00,0:01:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While chimpanzees
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.00,0:01:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are dominated by big, scary guys,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.00,0:01:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bonobo society
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.00,0:01:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is run by empowered females.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.00,0:01:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These guys have really worked something out,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.00,0:01:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since this leads to a highly tolerant society
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.00,0:01:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where fatal violence
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.00,0:01:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has not been observed yet.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.00,0:01:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But unfortunately,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.00,0:01:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bonobos are the least understood
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.00,0:01:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the great apes.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.00,0:01:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They live in the depths of the Congolese jungle,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.00,0:01:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it has been very difficult to study them.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.00,0:01:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Congo is a paradox --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.00,0:01:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a land of extraordinary biodiversity and beauty,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.00,0:01:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also the heart of darkness itself --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.00,0:01:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the scene of a violent conflict
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.00,0:01:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that has raged for decades
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.00,0:01:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and claimed nearly as many lives
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.00,0:02:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the First World War.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.00,0:02:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not surprisingly,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.00,0:02:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this destruction also endangers bonobo survival.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.00,0:02:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bushmeat trades and forest loss
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.00,0:02:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,means we couldn't fill a small stadium
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.00,0:02:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with all the bonobos that are left in the world --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.00,0:02:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we're not even sure of that to be honest.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.00,0:02:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yet, in this land of violence and chaos,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.00,0:02:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can hear hidden laughter
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.00,0:02:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,swaying the trees.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.00,0:02:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who are these cousins?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.00,0:02:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We know them as the "make love, not war" apes
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.00,0:02:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since they have frequent, promiscuous
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.00,0:02:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and bisexual sex
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.00,0:02:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to manage conflict
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.00,0:02:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and solve social issues.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.00,0:02:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I'm not saying this is the solution
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.00,0:02:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to all of humanity's problems --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.00,0:02:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since there's more to bonobo life
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.00,0:02:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than the Kama Sutra.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.00,0:02:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bonobos, like humans,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.00,0:02:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,love to play throughout their entire lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.00,0:02:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Play is not just child's games.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.00,0:03:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For us and them,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.00,0:03:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,play is foundational for bonding relationships
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.00,0:03:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and fostering tolerance.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.00,0:03:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's where we learn to trust
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.00,0:03:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and where we learn about the rules of the game.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.00,0:03:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Play increases creativity
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.00,0:03:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and resilience,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.00,0:03:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's all about the generation of diversity --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.00,0:03:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,diversity of interactions,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.00,0:03:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,diversity of behaviors,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.00,0:03:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,diversity of connections.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.00,0:03:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when you watch bonobo play,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.00,0:03:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're seeing the very evolutionary roots
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.00,0:03:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of human laughter, dance
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.00,0:03:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and ritual.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.00,0:03:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Play is the glue
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.00,0:03:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that binds us together.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.00,0:03:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I don't know how you play,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.00,0:03:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I want to show you a couple of unique clips
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.00,0:03:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fresh from the wild.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.00,0:03:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First, it's a ball game bonobo-style --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.00,0:03:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I do not mean football.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.00,0:03:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.00,0:03:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have a young female and a male
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.00,0:03:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,engaged in a chase game.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.00,0:04:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Have a look what she's doing.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.00,0:04:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It might be the evolutionary origin of the phrase,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.00,0:04:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"she's got him by the balls."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.00,0:04:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.00,0:04:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Only I think that he's rather loving it here, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.00,0:04:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yeah.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.00,0:04:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.00,0:04:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So sex play is common
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.00,0:04:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in both bonobos and humans.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.00,0:04:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this video is really interesting
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.00,0:04:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it shows --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.00,0:04:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this video's really interesting
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.00,0:04:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it shows the inventiveness
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.00,0:04:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of bringing unusual elements into play --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.00,0:04:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as testicles --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.00,0:04:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also how play both requires trust
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.00,0:04:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and fosters trust --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.00,0:04:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while at the same time being tremendous fun.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.00,0:04:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But play's a shapeshifter.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.00,0:04:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.00,0:04:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Play's a shapeshifter,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.00,0:04:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it can take many forms,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.00,0:04:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of which are more quiet,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.00,0:04:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,imaginative, curious --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.00,0:04:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe where wonder is discovered anew.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.00,0:05:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I want you to see,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.00,0:05:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is Fuku, a young female,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.00,0:05:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she is quietly playing with water.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.00,0:05:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think, like her,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.00,0:05:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we sometimes play alone,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.00,0:05:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we explore the boundaries
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.00,0:05:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of our inner and our outer worlds.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.00,0:05:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's that playful curiosity
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.00,0:05:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that drives us to explore, drives us to interact,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.00,0:05:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then the unexpected connections we form
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.00,0:05:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are the real hotbed for creativity.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.00,0:05:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So these are just small tasters
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.00,0:05:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into the insights that bonobo give us
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.00,0:05:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to our past and present.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.00,0:05:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they also hold a secret for our future,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.00,0:05:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a future where we need to adapt
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.00,0:05:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to an increasingly challenging world
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.00,0:05:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through greater creativity
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.00,0:05:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and greater cooperation.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.00,0:05:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The secret is that play is the key
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.00,0:05:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to these capacities.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.00,0:05:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In other words,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.00,0:05:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,play is our adaptive wildcard.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.00,0:05:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In order to adapt successfully
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.00,0:05:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a changing world,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.00,0:06:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need to play.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.00,0:06:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But will we make the most of our playfulness?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.00,0:06:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Play is not frivolous.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.00,0:06:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Play's essential.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.00,0:06:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For bonobos and humans alike,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.00,0:06:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,life is not just red in tooth and claw.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.00,0:06:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In times when it seems least appropriate to play,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.00,0:06:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it might be the times when it is most urgent.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.00,0:06:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, my fellow primates,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.00,0:06:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let us embrace this gift from evolution
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.00,0:06:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and play together,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.00,0:06:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as we rediscover creativity,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.00,0:06:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fellowship and wonder.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.00,0:06:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.00,0:06:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)