[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.46,0:00:11.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is one of the most important announcement in the past decades. \N
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.61,0:00:19.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It confirms essentially most of what has been done in physics.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.15,0:00:25.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This year prizes is about something very small that makes all the difference.\N
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.50,0:00:27.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am rather surprised it has happened in my lifetime.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.82,0:00:39.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At CERN's foundation in 1954, the world of particle physics was a very different one.\N
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.71,0:00:44.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Scientists were trying to come to grips with the plenty of particles observed in Nature.\N
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.51,0:00:51.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They lacked of an overall framework to explain the basic constitution of matter and the forces that act upon them.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.76,0:00:55.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This framework would later become known as the Standard Model.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.77,0:01:02.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By the end of the decade CERN physicists were already providing insight into the weak interaction, \N
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.50,0:01:05.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a force without which the Sun would not shine.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.79,0:01:14.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The 1960s we saw the birth of electro-weak theory, which unifies the weak and electromagnetic forces.\N
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.76,0:01:21.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A vital part of this is a mechanism that accounts for the vastly different ranges of theses forces,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.21,0:01:23.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as well as for particle masses.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.72,0:01:28.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These were beautiful concepts but they needed experimental evidences to back them up.\N
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.30,0:01:36.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Particle physicists embarked on a global search for the carriers of the weak forces, W and Z bosons,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.76,0:01:39.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whose existence would prove the theorists were right.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.51,0:01:47.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A major breakthrough came in 1973 with the discovery at the PS.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.49,0:01:56.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Gargamelle experiment identified weak neutron currents, tell tale science of the existence of Z bosons.\N
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.50,0:02:02.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This ground break result brought the first evidence for the electro-weak theory.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.20,0:02:09.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our physicist were on the right track, but direct detection of weak bosons would take another decade.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.30,0:02:15.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1976, CERN brought the SPS on stream.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.26,0:02:19.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Larger and more powerful than CERN's previous accelerators,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.99,0:02:23.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the SPS would go on to collide protons with anti-protons.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.76,0:02:29.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By 1983 SPS experiments had seen W and Z bosons.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.34,0:02:37.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their long way to discovery led to the Nobel Prize for CERN's Carlo Rubia and Simon Van der Meer.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.92,0:02:43.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"This discovery of the W and Z is not the end, it is the beginning." \N
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.94,0:02:51.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The next step begun when LEP, the 27 km large electron-positron collider, was switched on, in 1989.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.74,0:02:55.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was designed to study weak bosons in detail.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.78,0:03:04.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The LEP collaborations soon had their first major result.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.76,0:03:09.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By measuring the decays of Z bosons, they found that Nature has three,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.22,0:03:12.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and only three, families of matter particles.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.56,0:03:16.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everything we see in the Universe is made of the lightest family.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.22,0:03:25.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,During its 11 years of operation, LEP placed electro-weak theory on solid experimental ground.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.73,0:03:31.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Standard Model was almost complete, but what accounted for the mass of particles?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.86,0:03:34.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was one last missing piece of the puzzle to
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.66,0:03:39.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,uncover: the physical manifestation of the Brout-Englert-Higgs mechanism.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.73,0:03:42.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A particle called the Higgs boson.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.73,0:03:48.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Its discovery was in sight. With the construction of Large Hadron Collider,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.40,0:03:53.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CERN would take its first steps into a new century of discovery .
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.49,0:03:58.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Today is a special day."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.24,0:04:06.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the 4th of July 2012, the CMS and Atlas collaborations announced the discovery of Higgs bosons.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.51,0:04:11.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Theses results are the outcome of the ingenui division\N
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.28,0:04:17.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and painstaking work of our community from accelerator to detector instrumentation, computing and physics."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.73,0:04:25.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We have observed the new bosons with mass of 125.3 plus minus 0.6 GeV, at 4.97 deviations."\N
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.98,0:04:35.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was the final evidence the world has been waiting for, heating headlines around the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.00,0:04:43.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,winning the Noble Prize for Peter Higgs and François Englert and cementing CERN's pivotal role in the development of the Standard Model.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.73,0:04:55.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Higgs boson completes the Standard Model, but many questions about our Universe remain unanswered,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.91,0:05:02.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mysteries that will captivate future generations of scientists and lead them to untold discoveries.