[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.54,0:00:06.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The problem of single-use plastic
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.46,0:00:10.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has reached the headlines\Neverywhere in the world in 2018.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.62,0:00:15.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have all seen these campaigns\Nand images from WWF.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.21,0:00:18.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have all experienced\Nopen-air landfills of plastic.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.29,0:00:24.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Plastic packaging poses\Nenvironmental issues and health concerns
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.47,0:00:26.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that need to be addressed.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.50,0:00:32.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,NGOs part of Break Free From Plastic\Nhave identified who to blame.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.06,0:00:36.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These corporations pass on the blame.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.75,0:00:39.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They claim to have always\Nsupported recycling
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.21,0:00:42.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that lack of education\Nis the problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.50,0:00:46.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think we are all to blame\Nfor our single-use plastic addiction.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.11,0:00:49.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Brands are offering what consumers want:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.65,0:00:52.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more convenience, cheaper prices,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.69,0:00:55.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no bother of future consequences.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.12,0:00:59.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pushed by all this sudden attention,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.85,0:01:04.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the plastic industry is coming up\Nwith its alternative.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.00,0:01:07.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First, let's recycle more.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.87,0:01:11.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you think that your plastic package\Nthat you put in the right bin
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.22,0:01:12.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will be recycled?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.43,0:01:18.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm so sorry to tell you that,\Nunlike glass, metals, or paper,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.01,0:01:23.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just 5% of plastic has a second life,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.25,0:01:27.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is to say, is recycled\Nto make another usable material,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.77,0:01:31.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and even a smaller percentage\Nto actually remake a plastic package
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.86,0:01:33.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a closed loop.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.53,0:01:34.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The reason?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.05,0:01:40.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Plastic is not easy to recycle,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.93,0:01:43.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it is not economically viable,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.74,0:01:45.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because plastic is very cheap.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.67,0:01:50.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The only package that has some potential\Nto become another bottle
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.47,0:01:53.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is this type of transparent PET.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.23,0:01:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, they claim it can contain\N50% recycled material,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.00,0:02:00.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they target 100% by 2025.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.71,0:02:02.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.68,0:02:03.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Great.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.93,0:02:07.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what took so long\Nfor this industry to start moving?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.33,0:02:09.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And who will pay\Nthe extra cost of the bottle?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.98,0:02:15.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The plastic industry is also coming up\Nwith another great idea:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.65,0:02:20.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's make plastic\Nbio-sourced and compostable.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.28,0:02:23.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're offering\Nthis type of dish and cup.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.66,0:02:25.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you read the small\Nprint of this dish,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.70,0:02:28.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you find out it's 94% cellulose
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.67,0:02:31.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and 6% mysterious plastic components.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.30,0:02:37.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This cup is made of a plastic\Ncalled PLA, out of corn starch.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.23,0:02:41.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You think, "Great idea.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.04,0:02:44.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can throw away my packaging\Nwith the rest of my biowaste."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.55,0:02:46.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Watch out.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.75,0:02:50.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is only viable\Nfor industrial compost.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.03,0:02:53.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It will not decompose\Nin your garden compost or in the landfill.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.14,0:02:56.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Well," you think,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.16,0:02:58.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"at least this package,\Nput in the right bin,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.79,0:03:01.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will be recycled or composted."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.52,0:03:02.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Watch out.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.87,0:03:05.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,PLA contaminates\Nthe plastic recycling system,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.96,0:03:10.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and recyclers absolutely do not want\Nto see it among other types of plastic.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.72,0:03:14.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, at least this plastic\Nis not made of fossil fuel.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.53,0:03:16.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Watch out again.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.53,0:03:21.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many environmental organizations\Nconsider this as worse.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.18,0:03:24.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we need agricultural\Nresources for packaging,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.23,0:03:26.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is only going\Nto accelerate deforestation.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.48,0:03:28.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you get the point.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.53,0:03:32.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is not such a good idea\Nat this time, and for containers.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.55,0:03:33.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe in the future.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.70,0:03:38.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And for bags and films,\Ncompostable plastic is a viable option.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.24,0:03:43.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whatever the current limits,\Nall innovations are welcome.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.50,0:03:48.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Waste management\Nrefers to the three "Rs":
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.82,0:03:52.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Reduce, Reuse, Recycle.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.08,0:03:56.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because plastic is a powerful industry,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.01,0:03:59.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and recycling a booming\Nbusiness opportunity,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.08,0:04:03.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a lot of private and public money\Nis put into developing recycling.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.96,0:04:06.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The two other "Rs" of waste management,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.80,0:04:08.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Reduce and Reuse,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.22,0:04:10.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,attract far less attention and money.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.35,0:04:13.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let's explore reduce.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.87,0:04:16.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are many great\Ninitiatives to talk about.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.20,0:04:18.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I just selected three for tonight.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.12,0:04:24.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The city of Capannori, in Tuscany,\Npioneered 20 years ago
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.15,0:04:28.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a large education program\Nfor its citizens to reduce their waste,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.86,0:04:30.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with amazing results:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.39,0:04:34.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,38% less waste in just 10 years
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.69,0:04:37.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and recycling over 80% of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.40,0:04:38.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Inspired by this success,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.73,0:04:41.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hundreds of cities\Nin the world are following.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.14,0:04:44.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another good example of reduce:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.13,0:04:48.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Biocoop, the largest\Nbio food chain in France,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.04,0:04:53.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,decided in 2016\Nto stop selling bottled water
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.11,0:04:59.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it is, and I quote,\N"an ecological aberration."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.96,0:05:03.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They rightly consider that in France,\Nwater from the tap is safe enough
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.81,0:05:05.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or easy to filter.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.80,0:05:08.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Biocoop pushes further\Nand very recently announced
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.92,0:05:12.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they will open the first\Nzero-waste supermarket in Paris.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.42,0:05:17.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some activists are even ready to fight.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.05,0:05:19.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They launch "plastic attacks,"
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.26,0:05:23.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leaving all unnecessary packaging\Nin the supermarkets,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.76,0:05:25.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,raising awareness among shoppers,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.87,0:05:29.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and pushing stores\Nand suppliers towards reduce.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.30,0:05:36.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Reduce is by definition almost free,\Nso do your own little plastic attacks.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.18,0:05:38.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Choose the least packaged products.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.45,0:05:40.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Buy big capacities,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.03,0:05:42.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,non-single-serve units\Nof yogurt, for instance.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.89,0:05:48.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Choose the slightly damaged box of pasta\Nthat most consumers won't take.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.06,0:05:51.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our obsession with zero defects\Nand single-serve
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.65,0:05:54.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also has a huge environmental impact.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.61,0:05:58.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, Reuse,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.06,0:06:00.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a real step towards a circular economy.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.75,0:06:07.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I talk about reusable packaging,\Nmainly returnable glass bottles,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.36,0:06:11.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everybody remembers using them\Nand how great it was,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.14,0:06:13.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the elders who remember the milkman
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.77,0:06:15.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the travelers who have seen countries
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.69,0:06:18.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that still reuse glass bottles\Non a big scale.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.02,0:06:22.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also, new initiatives are on their way -
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.51,0:06:25.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,supermarkets with plastic-free aisles:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.08,0:06:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Loop, the first online supermarket\Nwith exclusively returnable packaging.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.45,0:06:32.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And yes, it's a start,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.14,0:06:33.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only in a few places,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.83,0:06:35.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we have to be careful;
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.17,0:06:39.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,packaging reuse only makes sense\Nin a local circular economy scheme.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.51,0:06:42.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But even with imperfections\Nat the beginning,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.66,0:06:45.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need to support these innovations.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.34,0:06:51.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Very recently, the city\Nof Berkeley in California -
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.72,0:06:53.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,another nice campus -
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.63,0:06:59.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,voted a ban on all disposable\Nfood and beverage containers.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.22,0:07:04.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Very clearly, this is the end\Nof the disposable cup,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.16,0:07:07.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,replaced by a glass\Nand a stainless-steel straw.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.33,0:07:10.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your Big Mac will come\Non a reusable plate.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.87,0:07:15.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And yes, even McDonald's spoke\Nin support of the Berkeley initiative.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.70,0:07:19.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,During this eight-minute talk,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.84,0:07:24.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over eight million bottles of plastic\Nhave been used in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.09,0:07:30.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,85% of them will not be collected\Nand will take 400 years to disappear.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.79,0:07:35.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We must put the right balance\Nbetween the three Rs.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.01,0:07:38.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Recycling of plastic\Nhas clear limitations.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.55,0:07:41.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Reduce and reuse are\Nfar more promising solutions.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.14,0:07:45.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Governments need to regulate plastic.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.59,0:07:50.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The WWF has recently published\Na series of recommendations,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.51,0:07:55.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in particular, that plastic prices\Nmust include the real cost
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.69,0:07:58.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the society to manage its end of life.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.74,0:08:01.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this true price of plastic\Nis very important
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.80,0:08:04.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we want other options to emerge.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.49,0:08:06.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As consumers,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.86,0:08:11.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we all need to be ready\Nto trade off some convenience and price
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.35,0:08:13.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for our health and our environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.86,0:08:15.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Are you ready?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.14,0:08:16.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Cheering)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.46,0:08:17.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.58,0:08:19.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)