WEBVTT 00:00:00.925 --> 00:00:02.214 诗人阿里（Poet Ali）：嗨。 观众：嗨。 NOTE Paragraph 00:00:02.804 --> 00:00:06.156 阿：我想问大家一个问题。 你会讲多少种语言？ 00:00:06.160 --> 00:00:07.821 这不是一个设问。 00:00:08.362 --> 00:00:10.317 我就是想你在脑海里想个数字。 00:00:10.317 --> 00:00:11.960 对于你们中的一些人，答案很简单。 00:00:11.960 --> 00:00:15.695 在你脑海里，你可能会说：“就一种， 就是你正在说的这种，哥们。我数好了。” 00:00:15.719 --> 00:00:17.350 其他人或许在想， 00:00:17.350 --> 00:00:20.201 前男友或前女友教你的语言， 00:00:20.201 --> 00:00:21.928 那些你学到外语的脏话， 00:00:21.928 --> 00:00:23.757 算不算——就把它算进去吧。 00:00:23.757 --> 00:00:26.288 当我问自己这个问题时， 我数出了四种， 00:00:26.288 --> 00:00:28.265 如果我喝醉了，可能会是五种。 NOTE Paragraph 00:00:29.343 --> 00:00:30.451 （笑声） NOTE Paragraph 00:00:30.475 --> 00:00:33.329 【意大利语：加点酒， 我就会说意大利语。】 NOTE Paragraph 00:00:33.329 --> 00:00:35.091 （掌声） NOTE Paragraph 00:00:35.115 --> 00:00:36.524 谢谢！ NOTE Paragraph 00:00:36.548 --> 00:00:39.911 但近一步细数， 我意识到了 83 —— 83种语言， 00:00:39.935 --> 00:00:41.922 数到这，我都懒得数下去。 00:00:41.946 --> 00:00:45.546 它促使我重新反思我们对语言的定义。 00:00:45.570 --> 00:00:46.777 第一个定义讲的是， 00:00:46.801 --> 00:00:49.679 “（语言是）人类沟通的方式， 可以是口头或是书面形式， 00:00:49.703 --> 00:00:53.327 它是由如何使用词汇构成的， 并遵循一种结构化或常规的方式。“ 00:00:53.351 --> 00:00:56.424 释义最底下写的是：针对特定领域， 00:00:56.448 --> 00:00:58.506 像医学，科学，科技。 00:00:58.530 --> 00:01:00.392 我们知道他们有自己的术语， 00:01:00.416 --> 00:01:01.585 他们自己的行话。 00:01:01.609 --> 00:01:05.107 但最让我感兴趣都是 中间右侧的那个释义： 00:01:05.131 --> 00:01:09.717 “由某一个特定群体或国家 使用的沟通交流体系。“ 00:01:09.741 --> 00:01:12.744 我并非想要修改这个定义。 00:01:12.768 --> 00:01:16.033 而是想把它应用到 我们做的所有事情上， 00:01:16.057 --> 00:01:19.452 因为我相信我们会讲的语言 远远比我们意识到的多。 00:01:19.476 --> 00:01:21.572 而接下来我们在一起的时间， 00:01:21.596 --> 00:01:23.754 我要尝试说一种语言， 00:01:23.778 --> 00:01:27.241 一种与在座每一位都共通的语言。 NOTE Paragraph 00:01:27.265 --> 00:01:29.033 但这会改变一些事情， 00:01:29.057 --> 00:01:32.435 因为这不再是一个演讲， 00:01:32.459 --> 00:01:34.438 它变成了一个对话， 00:01:34.462 --> 00:01:35.882 而在任何对话中， 00:01:35.906 --> 00:01:38.371 必须要有些互动。 00:01:38.395 --> 00:01:40.652 对于任何成功的互动， 00:01:40.676 --> 00:01:44.673 必须要双方都乐于参与。 00:01:45.268 --> 00:01:48.852 我想我们只要愿意参与， 我们就会看见魔法的产生， 00:01:48.876 --> 00:01:50.713 只需要怀有一丝乐意。 00:01:50.737 --> 00:01:55.774 所以我选择了一个 相对低风险的共同语， 00:01:55.798 --> 00:01:58.540 如果我们都愿意， 那便可以由此确认。 00:01:58.564 --> 00:02:00.863 如果开心，你知道的， 你就拍拍手。 NOTE Paragraph 00:02:00.887 --> 00:02:01.980 （拍手） NOTE Paragraph 00:02:02.004 --> 00:02:04.523 现在，你就在讲话！ NOTE Paragraph 00:02:04.547 --> 00:02:07.114 【西班牙语：如果你们中会讲西班牙语的， 00:02:07.144 --> 00:02:08.938 请起立。 00:02:10.575 --> 00:02:14.244 现在看着坐在你身边的人， 00:02:14.268 --> 00:02:16.205 然后开始大笑。】 NOTE Paragraph 00:02:16.229 --> 00:02:19.552 （笑声） NOTE Paragraph 00:02:19.552 --> 00:02:21.703 非常感谢，请坐。 NOTE Paragraph 00:02:21.727 --> 00:02:23.825 现在，如果你们感觉有点尴尬， 00:02:23.849 --> 00:02:27.466 我可以保证刚才没有取笑你们。 00:02:27.490 --> 00:02:31.773 我只是请会讲西班牙语的观众起立， 00:02:31.797 --> 00:02:35.813 看着坐在他们右边领座的人，并大笑。 00:02:35.837 --> 00:02:38.514 我知道这样做不好，我很抱歉， 00:02:38.538 --> 00:02:40.141 但就在刚刚那一刻， 00:02:41.211 --> 00:02:43.042 我们中有些人感受到了些东西。 00:02:43.066 --> 00:02:45.349 你看，当我会说某人的语言时， 00:02:45.373 --> 00:02:47.034 我通常会意识到语言的作用， 00:02:47.058 --> 00:02:49.203 它能用以联系彼此， 它能用以连结你我。 00:02:49.227 --> 00:02:52.437 但是当我们不会说那种语言时， 我们往往会忘了它的作用， 00:02:52.461 --> 00:02:55.165 它会带来隔阂， 它会带来排斥。 00:02:55.189 --> 00:02:57.649 在我们继续探索语言之旅中， 00:02:57.673 --> 00:03:01.256 我想要大家要始终记住它。 NOTE Paragraph 00:03:01.280 --> 00:03:04.388 【波斯语：我想解释一下 “Taarof” 这个词。】 00:03:04.412 --> 00:03:06.317 我刚用波斯语说，“我想要解释下 00:03:06.341 --> 00:03:08.957 “Taarof” 在波斯文化里的意义， 00:03:08.981 --> 00:03:12.762 在英语里完全没有与它匹配的词汇。 00:03:12.786 --> 00:03:15.638 能最好定义它的是类似 一种极其的优雅， 00:03:15.662 --> 00:03:16.992 或者极其的谦恭。 00:03:17.016 --> 00:03:18.927 但是这还不算完， 00:03:18.951 --> 00:03:20.287 那我给大家举个例子。 00:03:20.311 --> 00:03:22.357 如果两位绅士在路上遇见， 00:03:22.357 --> 00:03:24.679 通常一个人会说， 00:03:24.679 --> 00:03:26.286 【波斯语】， 00:03:26.300 --> 00:03:28.029 它的意思是，“我亏欠你很多。“ 00:03:28.343 --> 00:03:30.202 另一位绅士会回答， 00:03:30.202 --> 00:03:32.025 【波斯语】 00:03:32.045 --> 00:03:34.172 意思是，“我为你敞开衬衫。“ 00:03:34.724 --> 00:03:36.591 第一位家伙就会回道， 00:03:36.615 --> 00:03:38.020 【波斯语】 00:03:38.020 --> 00:03:39.749 意思是，“我是你的仆人。” 00:03:39.773 --> 00:03:42.139 接着，第二位家伙又会回他， 00:03:42.163 --> 00:03:44.230 【波斯语】 00:03:44.230 --> 00:03:46.904 字面上的意思是， “我就是你脚下的尘埃。” NOTE Paragraph 00:03:46.904 --> 00:03:47.993 （笑声） NOTE Paragraph 00:03:48.017 --> 00:03:51.239 如果你们还是想象不到， 大概就是图里这个样子。 NOTE Paragraph 00:03:51.263 --> 00:03:52.351 （笑声） NOTE Paragraph 00:03:52.375 --> 00:03:54.744 而我与大家分享，是因为 00:03:54.768 --> 00:03:59.295 新的语言会带来 你从前不了解的新概念， 00:03:59.319 --> 00:04:00.477 另外， 00:04:00.501 --> 00:04:04.455 有时我们认为语言 就是了解单词的含义， 00:04:04.479 --> 00:04:08.575 但我相信语言就是 让一个单词对你有意义。 NOTE Paragraph 00:04:09.194 --> 00:04:12.048 如果我在屏幕上闪过这一段词汇， 00:04:12.072 --> 00:04:15.139 你们中有些人， 会很快知道它的涵义， 00:04:15.163 --> 00:04:17.545 而另外的人，却完全没有头绪。 00:04:17.569 --> 00:04:20.055 我大概可以清楚的划分 00:04:20.079 --> 00:04:24.514 年纪大概是 35 岁及以上， 和 35 岁及以下。 00:04:24.538 --> 00:04:26.637 00:04:26.661 --> 00:04:29.435 00:04:29.459 --> 00:04:33.268 00:04:33.292 --> 00:04:35.280 00:04:35.304 --> 00:04:38.074 00:04:38.098 --> 00:04:40.913 00:04:40.937 --> 00:04:44.324 00:04:44.348 --> 00:04:49.590 00:04:49.614 --> 00:04:51.880 00:04:51.904 --> 00:04:54.034 NOTE Paragraph 00:04:54.058 --> 00:04:55.630 00:04:55.654 --> 00:04:58.057 00:04:58.081 --> 00:05:00.611 00:05:00.635 --> 00:05:03.675 00:05:03.699 --> 00:05:07.015 00:05:07.039 --> 00:05:09.885 00:05:09.909 --> 00:05:12.823 00:05:12.847 --> 00:05:15.240 00:05:15.264 --> 00:05:18.274 00:05:18.298 --> 00:05:21.133 00:05:21.157 --> 00:05:22.766 NOTE Paragraph 00:05:22.790 --> 00:05:25.327 NOTE Paragraph 00:05:25.351 --> 00:05:28.730 NOTE Paragraph 00:05:29.384 --> 00:05:31.181 00:05:31.205 --> 00:05:34.400 00:05:34.424 --> 00:05:37.020 00:05:37.044 --> 00:05:40.622 00:05:40.646 --> 00:05:44.322 00:05:44.346 --> 00:05:47.515 00:05:47.539 --> 00:05:49.964 NOTE Paragraph 00:05:51.014 --> 00:05:53.706 00:05:53.730 --> 00:05:56.361 00:05:56.385 --> 00:05:59.314 00:05:59.338 --> 00:06:01.292 00:06:01.316 --> 00:06:04.174 00:06:04.198 --> 00:06:08.040 00:06:08.064 --> 00:06:10.273 00:06:10.297 --> 00:06:12.957 00:06:12.981 --> 00:06:14.259 00:06:14.283 --> 00:06:18.487 NOTE Paragraph 00:06:18.511 --> 00:06:20.710 00:06:20.714 --> 00:06:22.348 00:06:22.348 --> 00:06:23.966 00:06:23.966 --> 00:06:25.927 00:06:26.157 --> 00:06:28.204 00:06:28.204 --> 00:06:31.847 00:06:31.867 --> 00:06:34.607 00:06:34.607 --> 00:06:37.045 00:06:37.045 --> 00:06:38.607 00:06:39.147 --> 00:06:41.259 00:06:41.295 --> 00:06:45.096 00:06:45.120 --> 00:06:47.412 NOTE Paragraph 00:06:47.436 --> 00:06:50.377 00:06:50.401 --> 00:06:53.515 00:06:53.539 --> 00:06:55.569 00:06:55.593 --> 00:06:57.636 00:06:57.660 --> 00:07:00.466 00:07:00.490 --> 00:07:02.079 00:07:02.103 --> 00:07:03.712 00:07:03.736 --> 00:07:05.672 00:07:05.696 --> 00:07:08.208 00:07:09.870 --> 00:07:12.113 00:07:13.346 --> 00:07:15.813 00:07:15.837 --> 00:07:18.315 00:07:18.339 --> 00:07:21.793 00:07:21.817 --> 00:07:23.270 00:07:23.294 --> 00:07:25.997 00:07:26.021 --> 00:07:28.232 00:07:29.383 --> 00:07:32.757 00:07:32.781 --> 00:07:34.984 00:07:35.008 --> 00:07:37.516 00:07:37.540 --> 00:07:39.123 NOTE Paragraph 00:07:39.147 --> 00:07:40.299 00:07:40.323 --> 00:07:43.367 00:07:43.391 --> 00:07:45.393 00:07:46.222 --> 00:07:47.507 NOTE Paragraph 00:07:47.531 --> 00:07:48.535 NOTE Paragraph 00:07:48.559 --> 00:07:52.255 00:07:52.279 --> 00:07:54.047 00:07:54.071 --> 00:07:58.174 00:07:58.198 --> 00:08:01.986 00:08:02.010 --> 00:08:05.260 00:08:05.284 --> 00:08:06.688 00:08:06.712 --> 00:08:09.174 00:08:09.198 --> 00:08:11.116 00:08:12.074 --> 00:08:16.293 NOTE Paragraph 00:08:16.977 --> 00:08:18.343 00:08:18.367 --> 00:08:21.613 00:08:22.648 --> 00:08:24.558 00:08:25.130 --> 00:08:27.501 00:08:27.525 --> 00:08:29.284 00:08:30.430 --> 00:08:33.914 00:08:33.938 --> 00:08:38.185 00:08:38.669 --> 00:08:41.739 00:08:41.763 --> 00:08:45.535 00:08:45.559 --> 00:08:47.131 00:08:47.806 --> 00:08:51.137 00:08:51.161 --> 00:08:55.463 00:08:55.487 --> 00:09:00.053 00:09:00.077 --> 00:09:01.674 00:09:01.698 --> 00:09:07.103 NOTE Paragraph 00:09:07.982 --> 00:09:10.200 00:09:11.604 --> 00:09:14.165 00:09:16.159 --> 00:09:20.188 00:09:21.600 --> 00:09:23.015 00:09:24.269 --> 00:09:25.882 00:09:25.906 --> 00:09:27.304 00:09:28.638 --> 00:09:30.648 00:09:31.297 --> 00:09:32.482 00:09:33.633 --> 00:09:35.021 00:09:35.988 --> 00:09:37.149 00:09:37.173 --> 00:09:38.466 00:09:39.237 --> 00:09:42.821 00:09:44.230 --> 00:09:47.655 00:09:47.679 --> 00:09:49.344 00:09:49.368 --> 00:09:52.104 00:09:52.947 --> 00:09:55.544 00:09:55.568 --> 00:09:58.753 00:09:58.777 --> 00:10:00.183 00:10:00.207 --> 00:10:01.502 00:10:02.657 --> 00:10:04.049 00:10:04.073 --> 00:10:06.469 00:10:06.493 --> 00:10:09.099 NOTE Paragraph 00:10:09.123 --> 00:10:13.180 NOTE Paragraph 00:10:14.445 --> 00:10:18.417 NOTE Paragraph 00:10:19.655 --> 00:10:21.616 00:10:27.843 --> 00:10:29.236 00:10:30.264 --> 00:10:33.330 NOTE Paragraph 00:10:33.354 --> 00:10:35.012 NOTE Paragraph 00:10:35.036 --> 00:10:37.164 NOTE Paragraph 00:10:37.188 --> 00:10:38.941 NOTE Paragraph 00:10:38.965 --> 00:10:42.745 00:10:42.769 --> 00:10:44.501 00:10:44.525 --> 00:10:46.089 00:10:46.113 --> 00:10:48.186 NOTE Paragraph 00:10:48.210 --> 00:10:50.413 NOTE Paragraph 00:10:51.174 --> 00:10:52.878 00:10:54.060 --> 00:10:57.459 00:10:57.483 --> 00:10:59.929 00:10:59.953 --> 00:11:04.717 00:11:05.987 --> 00:11:08.814 00:11:08.838 --> 00:11:11.301 00:11:11.325 --> 00:11:13.998 00:11:14.022 --> 00:11:15.305 00:11:15.329 --> 00:11:17.800 00:11:17.824 --> 00:11:20.322 00:11:20.346 --> 00:11:22.438 NOTE Paragraph 00:11:24.930 --> 00:11:26.497 00:11:28.901 --> 00:11:31.295 NOTE Paragraph 00:11:32.382 --> 00:11:35.333 NOTE Paragraph 00:11:35.357 --> 00:11:38.211 NOTE Paragraph 00:11:38.235 --> 00:11:43.320 00:11:45.260 --> 00:11:46.926 00:11:46.950 --> 00:11:49.043 00:11:49.401 --> 00:11:51.356 00:11:51.356 --> 00:11:52.782 00:11:52.782 --> 00:11:54.642 00:11:54.715 --> 00:11:57.186 00:11:57.186 --> 00:12:00.564 00:12:00.564 --> 00:12:02.961 00:12:02.968 --> 00:12:06.214 NOTE Paragraph 00:12:07.937 --> 00:12:09.366 00:12:09.390 --> 00:12:12.027 NOTE Paragraph 00:12:12.051 --> 00:12:14.074 NOTE Paragraph 00:12:17.449 --> 00:12:19.107 00:12:19.131 --> 00:12:21.734 NOTE Paragraph 00:12:23.783 --> 00:12:26.492 00:12:27.279 --> 00:12:30.150 00:12:30.174 --> 00:12:33.283 00:12:33.283 --> 00:12:34.457 00:12:34.655 --> 00:12:37.128 00:12:37.128 --> 00:12:39.761 00:12:39.959 --> 00:12:42.818 00:12:42.842 --> 00:12:44.106 00:12:44.130 --> 00:12:45.524 00:12:46.166 --> 00:12:48.855 00:12:48.879 --> 00:12:51.315 00:12:51.319 --> 00:12:53.640 00:12:53.704 --> 00:12:55.834 00:12:56.735 --> 00:12:59.417 00:13:00.154 --> 00:13:03.011 00:13:03.035 --> 00:13:05.520 00:13:05.544 --> 00:13:07.932 00:13:07.956 --> 00:13:10.454 00:13:10.478 --> 00:13:12.638 00:13:12.662 --> 00:13:14.956 00:13:14.980 --> 00:13:17.182 00:13:17.206 --> 00:13:19.054 00:13:19.078 --> 00:13:21.923 00:13:21.947 --> 00:13:24.935 00:13:24.959 --> 00:13:26.402 00:13:26.426 --> 00:13:27.816 00:13:28.382 --> 00:13:30.298 00:13:30.322 --> 00:13:32.492 00:13:32.516 --> 00:13:33.989 00:13:34.013 --> 00:13:35.537 00:13:35.561 --> 00:13:37.092 NOTE Paragraph 00:13:37.830 --> 00:13:42.419 00:13:42.443 --> 00:13:46.242 00:13:46.266 --> 00:13:48.348 00:13:48.372 --> 00:13:50.902 00:13:50.926 --> 00:13:52.529 00:13:53.610 --> 00:13:54.774 00:13:54.798 --> 00:13:57.820 00:13:58.476 --> 00:14:00.533 00:14:00.557 --> 00:14:01.808 00:14:03.407 --> 00:14:05.480 00:14:05.504 --> 00:14:07.404 00:14:07.428 --> 00:14:09.852 00:14:09.876 --> 00:14:12.055 00:14:12.817 --> 00:14:15.175 00:14:16.315 --> 00:14:19.107 00:14:19.131 --> 00:14:23.679 00:14:23.703 --> 00:14:26.250 NOTE Paragraph 00:14:27.238 --> 00:14:29.347 NOTE Paragraph 00:14:29.371 --> 00:14:36.077