WEBVTT

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♪ [música] ♪

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- [Josh] Bienvenidos nuevamente.

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Hoy continuamos la búsqueda
del conocimiento causal.

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Recordemos que el alumno de universidad
privada gana 14% más

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en promedio que los graduados
de universidades públicas.

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¿Acaso eso significa 
que la educación privada

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causa que los salarios suban?

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Como con la mayoría 
de las preguntas que proponemos

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los hechos no son cuestionables

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pero sí la interpretación de ellos.

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- [Narrador] Comparemos a los graduados
de escuelas privadas

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con los de escuelas públicas.

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Los graduados de universidades privadas
difieren de distintas maneras.

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Por ejemplo, tienen mejores puntajes SAT.

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En promedio, estudiantes de universidades 
privadas tienen 120 puntos más.

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Estas estrellas de SAT
usan sudaderas naranjas.

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Los graduados de universidades privadas
provienen de familias más ricas --

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13% más ricas que las familias
de estudiantes de universidades públicas.

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Los ricos tienen pantalones verdes.

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Pareciera que las comparaciones
públicas/privadas

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no son comparables.

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Talvez el aumento de 14% salarial
es causado

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por diferencias pre-existentes
en el potencial salarial

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y no en la asistencia a una universidad
privada.

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- Como muchos 
que han caminado con nosotros

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en búsqueda del conocimiento causal

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estamos varados en el sesgo de selección.

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-[Narrador] El sesgo de selección ocasiona

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que interpretemos las comparaciones
ingenuas como efectos causales.

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- [susurro] Ven conmigo.

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-[Narrador] Aquí vemos 
el sesgo de selección

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al dirigir el tráfico.

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Los que tienen mejores puntajes
van a la derecha

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a las universidades privadas.

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Aquellos con salarios menores
van a la derecha

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a las universidades públicas.

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Las comparaciones públicas/privadas
tienen fuerza causal

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