1
00:00:03,185 --> 00:00:05,288
♪ [música] ♪

2
00:00:09,240 --> 00:00:10,912
- [Josh] Bienvenidos nuevamente.

3
00:00:10,912 --> 00:00:14,405
Hoy continuamos la búsqueda
del conocimiento causal.

4
00:00:14,405 --> 00:00:18,486
Recordemos que el alumno de universidad
privada gana 14% más

5
00:00:18,486 --> 00:00:22,396
en promedio que los graduados
de universidades públicas.

6
00:00:22,924 --> 00:00:25,894
¿Acaso eso significa 
que la educación privada

7
00:00:25,894 --> 00:00:27,761
causa que los salarios suban?

8
00:00:28,223 --> 00:00:30,763
Como con la mayoría 
de las preguntas que proponemos

9
00:00:30,763 --> 00:00:33,060
los hechos no son cuestionables

10
00:00:33,060 --> 00:00:35,923
pero sí la interpretación de ellos.

11
00:00:36,778 --> 00:00:39,365
- [Narrador] Comparemos a los graduados
de escuelas privadas

12
00:00:39,365 --> 00:00:41,856
con los de escuelas públicas.

13
00:00:42,724 --> 00:00:46,119
Los graduados de universidades privadas
difieren de distintas maneras.

14
00:00:46,323 --> 00:00:49,656
Por ejemplo, tienen mejores puntajes SAT.

15
00:00:50,270 --> 00:00:55,226
En promedio, estudiantes de universidades 
privadas tienen 120 puntos más.

16
00:00:55,702 --> 00:00:59,844
Estas estrellas de SAT
usan sudaderas naranjas.

17
00:01:00,568 --> 00:01:04,346
Los graduados de universidades privadas
provienen de familias más ricas --

18
00:01:04,346 --> 00:01:07,875
13% más ricas que las familias
de estudiantes de universidades públicas.

19
00:01:08,231 --> 00:01:10,801
Los ricos tienen pantalones verdes.

20
00:01:11,232 --> 00:01:14,102
Pareciera que las comparaciones
públicas/privadas

21
00:01:14,102 --> 00:01:16,243
no son comparables.

22
00:01:16,243 --> 00:01:19,385
Talvez el aumento de 14% salarial
es causado

23
00:01:19,385 --> 00:01:22,376
por diferencias pre-existentes
en el potencial salarial

24
00:01:22,594 --> 00:01:25,525
y no en la asistencia a una universidad
privada.

25
00:01:26,091 --> 00:01:27,989
- Como muchos 
que han caminado con nosotros

26
00:01:27,989 --> 00:01:29,753
en búsqueda del conocimiento causal

27
00:01:29,753 --> 00:01:32,454
estamos varados en el sesgo de selección.

28
00:01:33,112 --> 00:01:35,549
-[Narrador] El sesgo de selección ocasiona

29
00:01:35,549 --> 00:01:40,130
que interpretemos las comparaciones
ingenuas como efectos causales.

30
00:01:40,130 --> 00:01:41,333
- [susurro] Ven conmigo.

31
00:01:41,333 --> 00:01:44,447
-[Narrador] Aquí vemos 
el sesgo de selección

32
00:01:44,447 --> 00:01:46,275
al dirigir el tráfico.

33
00:01:46,275 --> 00:01:49,012
Los que tienen mejores puntajes
van a la derecha

34
00:01:49,012 --> 00:01:51,314
a las universidades privadas.

35
00:01:51,314 --> 00:01:54,865
Aquellos con salarios menores
van a la derecha

36
00:01:55,351 --> 00:01:57,631
a las universidades públicas.

37
00:01:58,128 --> 00:02:00,840
Las comparaciones públicas/privadas
tienen fuerza causal

38
00:02:00,840 --> 00:02:05,910


39
00:02:06,356 --> 00:02:10,176


40
00:02:10,813 --> 00:02:14,543


41
00:02:14,574 --> 00:02:16,980


42
00:02:17,165 --> 00:02:21,784


43
00:02:22,256 --> 00:02:25,376


44
00:02:26,419 --> 00:02:29,944


45
00:02:29,944 --> 00:02:34,110


46
00:02:34,110 --> 00:02:36,779


47
00:02:36,779 --> 00:02:39,410


48
00:02:40,100 --> 00:02:42,947


49
00:02:42,947 --> 00:02:44,995


50
00:02:45,659 --> 00:02:48,947


51
00:02:48,947 --> 00:02:51,490


52
00:02:51,490 --> 00:02:54,435


53
00:02:54,435 --> 00:02:57,194


54
00:02:57,194 --> 00:02:58,663


55
00:02:58,665 --> 00:03:01,750


56
00:03:01,750 --> 00:03:03,965


57
00:03:03,965 --> 00:03:06,553


58
00:03:06,553 --> 00:03:08,405


59
00:03:08,499 --> 00:03:11,583


60
00:03:11,930 --> 00:03:14,606


61
00:03:14,606 --> 00:03:16,918


62
00:03:17,728 --> 00:03:21,262


63
00:03:21,262 --> 00:03:23,928


64
00:03:24,620 --> 00:03:27,454


65
00:03:27,454 --> 00:03:27,704


66
00:03:27,704 --> 00:03:32,190


67
00:03:32,480 --> 00:03:33,813


68
00:03:34,203 --> 00:03:36,588


69
00:03:37,012 --> 00:03:40,398


70
00:03:40,398 --> 00:03:43,115


71
00:03:43,348 --> 00:03:46,913


72
00:03:46,913 --> 00:03:48,358


73
00:03:48,785 --> 00:03:51,214


74
00:03:51,214 --> 00:03:53,614


75
00:03:53,614 --> 00:03:56,114


76
00:03:56,916 --> 00:04:01,336


77
00:04:01,336 --> 00:04:03,967


78
00:04:04,399 --> 00:04:08,391


79
00:04:08,417 --> 00:04:11,707


80
00:04:11,707 --> 00:04:14,837


81
00:04:14,837 --> 00:04:18,827


82
00:04:19,216 --> 00:04:21,316


83
00:04:21,316 --> 00:04:22,382


84
00:04:22,382 --> 00:04:24,169


85
00:04:24,169 --> 00:04:25,235


86
00:04:25,235 --> 00:04:26,252


87
00:04:26,252 --> 00:04:28,517


88
00:04:28,793 --> 00:04:31,089


89
00:04:31,089 --> 00:04:34,855


90
00:04:35,409 --> 00:04:38,738


91
00:04:38,738 --> 00:04:40,966


92
00:04:40,966 --> 00:04:43,229


93
00:04:43,554 --> 00:04:46,773


94
00:04:46,773 --> 00:04:48,496


95
00:04:48,807 --> 00:04:53,200


96
00:04:53,200 --> 00:04:55,881


97
00:04:55,881 --> 00:04:57,656


98
00:04:57,656 --> 00:04:58,748


99
00:04:58,748 --> 00:05:00,493


100
00:05:00,493 --> 00:05:02,431


101
00:05:03,097 --> 00:05:06,100


102
00:05:06,100 --> 00:05:08,389


103
00:05:08,389 --> 00:05:10,527


104
00:05:11,015 --> 00:05:13,797


105
00:05:13,797 --> 00:05:15,155


106
00:05:15,155 --> 00:05:16,169


107
00:05:16,169 --> 00:05:18,605


108
00:05:18,605 --> 00:05:22,044


109
00:05:22,044 --> 00:05:25,728


110
00:05:25,728 --> 00:05:28,288


111
00:05:28,628 --> 00:05:30,905


112
00:05:30,905 --> 00:05:31,927


113
00:05:31,927 --> 00:05:34,458


114
00:05:34,458 --> 00:05:35,788


115
00:05:35,788 --> 00:05:38,642


116
00:05:38,642 --> 00:05:42,199


117
00:05:42,199 --> 00:05:44,721


118
00:05:44,721 --> 00:05:47,573


119
00:05:47,573 --> 00:05:49,710


120
00:05:49,710 --> 00:05:51,440


121
00:05:52,190 --> 00:05:55,322


122
00:05:55,322 --> 00:05:58,399


123
00:05:58,399 --> 00:06:02,471


124
00:06:02,471 --> 00:06:03,479


125
00:06:03,479 --> 00:06:06,886


126
00:06:07,495 --> 00:06:11,216


127
00:06:11,216 --> 00:06:12,800


128
00:06:12,879 --> 00:06:16,715


129
00:06:16,715 --> 00:06:19,848


130
00:06:19,848 --> 00:06:22,809


131
00:06:23,150 --> 00:06:25,998


132
00:06:26,254 --> 00:06:30,199


133
00:06:30,199 --> 00:06:31,904


134
00:06:31,904 --> 00:06:33,347


135
00:06:33,557 --> 00:06:37,247


136
00:06:37,458 --> 00:06:40,520


137
00:06:40,520 --> 00:06:44,953


138
00:06:45,106 --> 00:06:48,331


139
00:06:48,331 --> 00:06:51,701


140
00:06:51,701 --> 00:06:53,562


141
00:06:53,562 --> 00:06:57,339


142
00:06:57,339 --> 00:07:01,799


143
00:07:02,578 --> 00:07:05,732


144
00:07:05,732 --> 00:07:08,366


145
00:07:08,736 --> 00:07:12,778


146
00:07:13,345 --> 00:07:16,995


147
00:07:16,995 --> 00:07:19,429


148
00:07:19,429 --> 00:07:21,568


149
00:07:21,568 --> 00:07:26,633


150
00:07:27,384 --> 00:07:28,915


151
00:07:28,915 --> 00:07:32,448


152
00:07:32,701 --> 00:07:36,185


153
00:07:36,185 --> 00:07:39,720


154
00:07:40,201 --> 00:07:43,650


155
00:07:43,650 --> 00:07:46,157


156
00:07:46,157 --> 00:07:49,104


157
00:07:49,138 --> 00:07:52,137


158
00:07:52,137 --> 00:07:53,452


159
00:07:53,452 --> 00:07:56,148


160
00:07:56,148 --> 00:07:59,781


161
00:07:59,790 --> 00:08:02,545


162
00:08:02,545 --> 00:08:05,906


163
00:08:05,906 --> 00:08:08,808


164
00:08:08,808 --> 00:08:10,813


165
00:08:10,813 --> 00:08:14,614


166
00:08:14,614 --> 00:08:16,184


167
00:08:16,753 --> 00:08:20,932


168
00:08:20,932 --> 00:08:23,631


169
00:08:23,631 --> 00:08:26,399


170
00:08:26,399 --> 00:08:28,336


171
00:08:28,336 --> 00:08:31,220


172
00:08:31,220 --> 00:08:34,047


173
00:08:34,047 --> 00:08:36,898


174
00:08:38,936 --> 00:08:42,774


175
00:08:42,774 --> 00:08:46,914


176
00:08:46,914 --> 00:08:50,170


177
00:08:50,649 --> 00:08:54,390


178
00:08:54,390 --> 00:08:56,325


179
00:08:57,014 --> 00:09:00,856


180
00:09:00,856 --> 00:09:03,083


181
00:09:03,907 --> 00:09:06,782


182
00:09:06,782 --> 00:09:08,834


183
00:09:10,412 --> 00:09:14,264


184
00:09:14,264 --> 00:09:18,411


185
00:09:18,563 --> 00:09:21,942


186
00:09:22,272 --> 00:09:24,992


187
00:09:24,992 --> 00:09:28,060


188
00:09:28,496 --> 00:09:30,482