[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.28,0:00:03.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Good morning.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.50,0:00:05.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I was a little boy,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.36,0:00:08.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had an experience that changed my life,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.34,0:00:11.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and is in fact why I'm here today.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.19,0:00:13.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That one moment, one moment,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.98,0:00:15.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,profoundly affected how I think about
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.43,0:00:18.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,art, design, and engineering.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.78,0:00:21.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As background, I was fortunate enough to grow up
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.86,0:00:25.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a family of lovely and talented artists
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.19,0:00:27.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in one of the world's great cities.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.83,0:00:31.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My dad, John Ferren, who died when I was 15,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.48,0:00:35.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was an artist by both passion and profession,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.18,0:00:37.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as is my mom, Rae.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.58,0:00:39.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was one of the New York school
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.52,0:00:41.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,abstract expressionists who,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.33,0:00:43.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,together with his contemporaries,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.27,0:00:46.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,invented American modern art,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.32,0:00:49.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and contributed to moving the American zeitgeist
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.46,0:00:54.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,towards modernism in the 20th century.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.96,0:00:56.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Isn't it remarkable that, after thousands of years
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.85,0:01:00.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of people doing mostly representational art,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.61,0:01:02.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that modern art, comparatively speaking,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.66,0:01:04.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is about 15 minutes old,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.86,0:01:06.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,yet now pervasive.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.82,0:01:08.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As with many other important innovations,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.98,0:01:12.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those radical ideas required no new technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.39,0:01:15.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just fresh thinking and a willingness to experiment,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.37,0:01:19.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,plus resiliency in the face of near-universal criticism
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.65,0:01:21.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and rejection.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.27,0:01:23.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In our home, art was everywhere.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.73,0:01:25.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was like oxygen,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.18,0:01:28.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around us and necessary for life.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.35,0:01:30.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As I watched him paint,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.30,0:01:32.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dad taught me that art
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.49,0:01:34.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was not about being decorative,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.65,0:01:37.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it was a different way of communicating ideas,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.70,0:01:39.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in fact one that could bridge the worlds
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.85,0:01:42.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of knowledge and insight.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.74,0:01:44.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Given this rich artistic environment,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.81,0:01:46.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'd assume that I would have been compelled
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.61,0:01:48.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to go into the family business,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.59,0:01:51.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but no.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.81,0:01:53.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I followed the path of most kids
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.12,0:01:54.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who are genetically programmed
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.64,0:01:56.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make their parents crazy.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.56,0:01:59.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had no interest in becoming an artist,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.20,0:02:00.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,certainly not a painter.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.74,0:02:04.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I did love was electronics and machines,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.18,0:02:05.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,taking them apart, building new ones,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.92,0:02:07.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and making them work.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.67,0:02:11.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fortunately, my family also had engineers in it,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.51,0:02:12.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and with my parents,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.94,0:02:15.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these were my first role models.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.32,0:02:17.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What they all had in common
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.63,0:02:19.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was they worked very, very hard.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.41,0:02:21.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My grandpa owned and operated a sheet metal
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.85,0:02:24.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kitchen cabinet factory in Brooklyn.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.47,0:02:27.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On weekends, we would go\Ntogether to Cortland Street
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.65,0:02:30.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was New York City's radio row.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.40,0:02:33.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There we would explore massive piles
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.94,0:02:34.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of surplus electronics,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.67,0:02:36.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for a few bucks bring home treasures
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.91,0:02:38.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like Norton bombsights
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.31,0:02:42.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and parts from the first IBM tube-based computers.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.85,0:02:45.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I found these objects both useful and fascinating.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.90,0:02:48.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I learned about engineering and how things worked
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.52,0:02:50.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not at school
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.12,0:02:51.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but by taking apart and studying
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.81,0:02:54.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these fabulously complex devices.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.40,0:02:56.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I did this for hours every day,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.60,0:03:00.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,apparently avoiding electrocution.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.16,0:03:01.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Life was good.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.81,0:03:03.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, every summer, sadly,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.94,0:03:06.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the machines got left behind
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.13,0:03:08.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while my parents and I traveled overseas
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.13,0:03:11.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to experience history, art, and design.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.79,0:03:14.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We visited the great museums and historic buildings
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.21,0:03:15.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of both Europe and the Middle East,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.98,0:03:18.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but to encourage my growing interest
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.52,0:03:20.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in science and technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.29,0:03:22.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they would simply drop me off in places
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.52,0:03:24.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like the London Science Museum,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.75,0:03:28.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where I would wander endlessly for hours by myself
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.42,0:03:32.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,studying the history of science and technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.78,0:03:36.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, when I was about nine years old,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.77,0:03:37.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we went to Rome.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.82,0:03:40.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On one particularly hot summer day,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.23,0:03:43.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we visited a drum-shaped\Nbuilding that from the outside
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.77,0:03:45.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was not particularly interesting.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.21,0:03:47.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My dad said it was called the Pantheon,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.65,0:03:50.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a temple for all of the gods.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.24,0:03:52.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It didn't look all that special from the outside,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.34,0:03:54.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as I said, but when we walked inside,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.81,0:03:58.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was immediately struck by three things.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.11,0:04:00.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First of all, it was pleasantly cool
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.89,0:04:03.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,despite the oppressive heat outside.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.32,0:04:05.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was very dark, the only source of light
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.87,0:04:08.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being an big open hole in the roof.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.53,0:04:10.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dad explained that this wasn't a big open hole,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.82,0:04:12.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it was called the Oculus,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.60,0:04:14.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an eye to the heavens.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.83,0:04:16.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there was something about this place,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.93,0:04:20.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I didn't know why, that just felt special.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.21,0:04:22.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As we walked to the center of the room,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.14,0:04:24.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I looked up at the heavens through the Oculus.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.92,0:04:27.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was the first church that I'd been to
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.21,0:04:29.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that provided an unrestricted view
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.48,0:04:32.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between God and man.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.56,0:04:36.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I wondered, what about when it rained?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.36,0:04:37.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dad may have called this an Oculus,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.92,0:04:40.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it was in fact a big hole in the roof.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.63,0:04:42.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I looked down and saw floor drains
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.75,0:04:45.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had been cut into the stone floor.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.53,0:04:47.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As I became more accustomed to the dark,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.64,0:04:49.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was able to make out details of the floor
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.93,0:04:51.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the surrounding walls.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.72,0:04:54.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No big deal, just the same statuary stuff
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.38,0:04:56.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we'd seen all over Rome.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.12,0:04:58.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, it looked like the Appian Way
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.12,0:05:00.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of marble salesman showed up
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.12,0:05:02.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with his sample book, showed it to Hadrian,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.75,0:05:05.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Hadrian said, "We'll take all of it."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.28,0:05:06.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.94,0:05:10.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the ceiling was amazing.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.22,0:05:13.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It looked like a Buckminster Fuller geodesic dome.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.21,0:05:14.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd seen these before,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.81,0:05:16.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Bucky was friends with my dad.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.73,0:05:19.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was modern, high-tech, impressive,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.88,0:05:22.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a huge 142-foot clear span
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.46,0:05:25.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which not coincidentally was its exact height.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.56,0:05:27.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I loved this place.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.23,0:05:30.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was really beautiful and unlike\Nanything I'd ever seen before,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.60,0:05:33.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I asked my dad, "When was this built?"
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.82,0:05:37.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said, "About 2,000 years ago."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.27,0:05:39.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I said, "No, I mean, the roof."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.59,0:05:41.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see, I assumed that this was a modern roof
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.50,0:05:43.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that had been put on because the original
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.58,0:05:46.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was destroyed in some long-past war.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.87,0:05:50.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said, "It's the original roof."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.58,0:05:53.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That moment changed my life,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.23,0:05:55.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I can remember it as if it were yesterday.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.68,0:05:58.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For the first time, I realized people were smart
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.34,0:06:00.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,2,000 years ago. (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.38,0:06:02.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This has never crossed my mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.56,0:06:06.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, to me, you know, the pyramids at Giza,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.63,0:06:08.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we visited those the year before,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.31,0:06:11.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sure they're impressive, nice enough design,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.28,0:06:13.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but look, give me an unlimited budget,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.69,0:06:17.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,20 to 40,000 laborers, and about 10 to 20 years
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.70,0:06:20.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to cut and drag stone blocks across the countryside,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.92,0:06:24.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'll build you pyramids too.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.11,0:06:26.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But no amount of brute force
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.67,0:06:29.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gets you the dome of the Pantheon,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.96,0:06:32.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not 2,000 years ago, nor today.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.85,0:06:35.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And incidentally, it is still the largest
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.84,0:06:39.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unreinforced concrete dome that's ever been built.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.59,0:06:42.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To build the Pantheon took some miracles.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.52,0:06:44.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By miracles, I mean things that are
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.76,0:06:47.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,technically barely possible,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.37,0:06:50.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very high risk, and might not be
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.28,0:06:53.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually accomplishable at this moment in time,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.26,0:06:57.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,certainly not by you.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.42,0:07:00.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, here are some\Nof the Pantheon's miracles.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.67,0:07:03.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To make it even structurally possible,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.82,0:07:05.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they had to invent super-strong concrete,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.76,0:07:07.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to control weight,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.80,0:07:09.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,varied the density of the aggregate
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.79,0:07:12.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as they worked their way up the dome.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.84,0:07:14.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For strength and lightness, the dome structure
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.100,0:07:16.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,used five rings of coffers,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.88,0:07:18.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,each of diminishing size,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.67,0:07:21.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which imparts a dramatic forced perspective
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.27,0:07:23.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the design.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.40,0:07:25.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was wonderfully cool inside
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.25,0:07:27.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of its huge thermal mass,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.38,0:07:29.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,natural convection of air rising up
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.62,0:07:31.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through the Oculus,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.24,0:07:33.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a Venturi effect when wind blows across
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.39,0:07:35.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the top of the building.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.70,0:07:39.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I discovered for the first time that light itself
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.79,0:07:41.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has substance.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.54,0:07:44.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The shaft of light beaming through the Oculus
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.14,0:07:46.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was both beautiful and palpable,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.82,0:07:48.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I realized for the first time
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.97,0:07:50.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that light could be designed,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.92,0:07:55.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,further, that of all of the forms of design,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.67,0:07:57.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,visual design,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.30,0:07:59.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were all kind of irrelevant without it,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.12,0:08:02.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because without light, you can't see any of them.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.70,0:08:05.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I also realized that I wasn't the first person
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.26,0:08:08.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to think that this place was really special.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.40,0:08:12.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It survived gravity, barbarians, looters, developers,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.84,0:08:14.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the ravages of time to become
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.78,0:08:16.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what I believe is the longest
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.24,0:08:19.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,continuously occupied building in history.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.32,0:08:21.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Largely because of that visit,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.52,0:08:22.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I came to understand that,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.89,0:08:25.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,contrary to what I was being told in school,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.54,0:08:27.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the worlds of art and design
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.68,0:08:29.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were not in fact incompatible
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.53,0:08:31.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with science and engineering.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.31,0:08:33.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I realized, when combined,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.53,0:08:35.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you could create things that were amazing
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.97,0:08:38.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that couldn't be done in either domain alone.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.95,0:08:41.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in school, with few exceptions,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.42,0:08:43.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were treated as separate worlds,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.32,0:08:45.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they still are.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.45,0:08:47.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My teachers told me that I had to get serious
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.74,0:08:50.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and focus on one or the other.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.44,0:08:53.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, urging me to specialize
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.32,0:08:56.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only caused me to really appreciate those polymaths
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.77,0:09:00.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like Michaelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.35,0:09:02.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Benjamin Franklin,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.30,0:09:04.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people who did exactly the opposite.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.98,0:09:07.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this led me to embrace
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.29,0:09:10.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and want to be in both worlds.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.15,0:09:15.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So then how do these projects of unprecedented creative vision and technical complexity
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.98,0:09:18.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like the Pantheon actually happen?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.29,0:09:22.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Someone themselves, perhaps Hadrian,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.31,0:09:25.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,needed a brilliant creative vision.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.59,0:09:28.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They also needed the storytelling\Nand leadership skills
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.42,0:09:31.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,necessary to fund and execute it,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.24,0:09:34.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a mastery of science and technology
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.81,0:09:36.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the ability and knowhow
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.23,0:09:40.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to push existing innovations even farther.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.23,0:09:44.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is my belief that to create\Nthese rare game changers
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.95,0:09:47.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,requires you to pull off at least five miracles.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.91,0:09:50.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The problem is, no matter how talented,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.73,0:09:52.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rich, or smart you are,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.75,0:09:55.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you only get one to one and a half miracles.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.62,0:09:57.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's it. That's the quota.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.27,0:09:59.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then you run out of time, money, enthusiasm,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.88,0:10:01.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whatever.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.52,0:10:03.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember, most people can't even imagine
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.43,0:10:05.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of these technical miracles,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.63,0:10:08.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you need at least five to make a Pantheon.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.83,0:10:11.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In my experience, these rare visionaries
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.27,0:10:13.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who can think across the worlds of art,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.43,0:10:15.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,design, and engineering,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.15,0:10:17.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have the ability to notice
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.05,0:10:19.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when others have provided enough of the miracles
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.44,0:10:22.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to bring the goal within reach.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.41,0:10:24.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Driven by the clarity of their vision,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.100,0:10:27.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they summon the courage and determination
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.14,0:10:29.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to deliver the remaining miracles
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.36,0:10:32.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they often take what other people think to be
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.88,0:10:35.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,insurmountable obstacles
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.26,0:10:36.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and turn them into features.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.86,0:10:39.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Take the Oculus of the Pantheon.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.74,0:10:41.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By insisting that it be in the design,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.70,0:10:44.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it meant you couldn't use much\Nof the structural technology
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.39,0:10:47.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that had been developed for Roman arches.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.52,0:10:50.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, by instead embracing it
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.53,0:10:52.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and rethinking weight and stress distribution,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.98,0:10:55.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they came up with a design that only works
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.44,0:10:57.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if there's a big hole in the roof.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.41,0:11:00.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That done, you now get the aesthetic
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.17,0:11:04.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and design benefits of light cooling
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.82,0:11:08.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that critical direct connection with the heavens.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.16,0:11:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not bad.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.00,0:11:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These people not only believed
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.00,0:11:14.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the impossible can be done,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.09,0:11:17.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that it must be done.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.10,0:11:19.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Enough ancient history.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.31,0:11:21.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What are some recent examples of innovations
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.79,0:11:24.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that combine creative design
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.21,0:11:27.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and technological advances in a way so profound
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.53,0:11:29.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they will be remembered
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.11,0:11:30.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a thousand years from now?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.71,0:11:33.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, putting a man on the moon was a good one,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.83,0:11:36.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and returning him safely to earth wasn't bad either.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.87,0:11:39.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Talk about one giant leap:
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.24,0:11:41.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's hard to imagine a more profound moment
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.53,0:11:43.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in human history
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.16,0:11:44.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than when we first left our world
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.94,0:11:46.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to set foot on another.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.92,0:11:48.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what came after the moon?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.99,0:11:52.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One is tempted to say that today's pantheon
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.09,0:11:53.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the internet,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.84,0:11:56.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I actually think that's quite wrong,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.23,0:11:58.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or at least it's only part of the story.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.47,0:12:01.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The internet isn't a Pantheon.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.51,0:12:04.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's more like the invention on concrete:
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.24,0:12:06.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,important, absolutely necessary
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.74,0:12:08.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to build the Pantheon,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.35,0:12:09.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and enduring,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:09.69,0:12:12.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but entirely insufficient by itself.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.67,0:12:15.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, just as the technology of concrete
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.31,0:12:19.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was critical in realization of the Pantheon,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.28,0:12:22.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,new designers will use the\Ntechnologies of the internet
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.43,0:12:25.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to create novel concepts that will endure.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.69,0:12:27.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Smart phone is a perfect example.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.70,0:12:29.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Soon the majority of people on the planet
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.52,0:12:30.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will have one,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:30.78,0:12:32.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the idea of connecting everyone
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.97,0:12:36.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to both knowledge and each other will endure.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.62,0:12:38.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what's next?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.05,0:12:40.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What imminent advance will be\Nthe equivalent of the Pantheon?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.84,0:12:42.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thinking about this,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.49,0:12:45.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I rejected many very plausible
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.02,0:12:46.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and dramatic breakthroughs to come,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.96,0:12:48.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as curing cancer.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.92,0:12:52.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why? Because Pantheons are anchored
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.27,0:12:55.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in designed physical objects,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.21,0:12:57.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ones that inspire by simply seeing
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.34,0:12:59.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and experiencing them,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.08,0:13:02.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and will continue to do so indefinitely.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.28,0:13:06.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is a different kind of language, like art.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.51,0:13:09.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These other vital contributions that extend life
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.24,0:13:11.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and relieve suffering are, of course, critical,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.90,0:13:13.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and fantastic,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.85,0:13:15.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they're part of the continuum of
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.66,0:13:17.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our overall knowledge and technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.97,0:13:20.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like the internet.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.58,0:13:22.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what is next?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.93,0:13:24.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Perhaps counterintuitively,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.63,0:13:26.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm guessing it's a visionary idea
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.76,0:13:28.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the late 1930s
Dialogue: 0,0:13:28.57,0:13:31.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's been revived every decade since:
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.79,0:13:33.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,autonomous vehicles.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.85,0:13:35.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now you're thinking, give me a break?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.71,0:13:38.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How can a fancy version of cruise control
Dialogue: 0,0:13:38.31,0:13:40.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,be profound?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.79,0:13:43.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Look, much of our world
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.16,0:13:46.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has been designed around roads and transportation.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.49,0:13:48.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These were as essential to the success
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.27,0:13:49.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the Roman Empire
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.80,0:13:51.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the interstate highway system
Dialogue: 0,0:13:51.83,0:13:53.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the prosperity and development
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.64,0:13:55.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.53,0:13:58.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, these roads that interconnect our world
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.55,0:14:00.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are dominated by cars and trucks
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.95,0:14:03.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that have remained largely unchanged
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.18,0:14:05.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for a hundred years.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:05.10,0:14:08.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Although perhaps not obvious today,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.53,0:14:13.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,autonomous vehicles will be the key technology
Dialogue: 0,0:14:13.26,0:14:16.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that enables us to redesign our cities
Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.27,0:14:18.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, by extension, civilization.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:18.52,0:14:20.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's why:
Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.17,0:14:21.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,once they become ubiquitous,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.97,0:14:24.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,each year, these vehicles will save
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.30,0:14:27.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tens of thousands of lives in the United States alone
Dialogue: 0,0:14:27.52,0:14:30.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a million globally.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:30.43,0:14:33.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Automotive energy consumption and air pollution
Dialogue: 0,0:14:33.21,0:14:35.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will be cut dramatically.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.89,0:14:37.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Much of the road congestion
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.63,0:14:41.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in and out of our cities will disappear.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:41.10,0:14:43.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They will enable compelling new concepts
Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.78,0:14:46.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in how we design cities, work,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:46.43,0:14:48.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the way we live.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:48.30,0:14:50.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We will get where we're going faster
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.88,0:14:53.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and society will recapture vast amounts
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.73,0:14:55.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of lost productivity
Dialogue: 0,0:14:55.49,0:14:58.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now spent sitting in traffic basically polluting.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:58.57,0:15:02.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But why now? Why do we think this is ready?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:02.07,0:15:04.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because over the last 30 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:04.11,0:15:06.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people from outside the automotive industry
Dialogue: 0,0:15:06.14,0:15:08.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have spent countless billions
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.24,0:15:10.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,creating the needed miracles,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:10.09,0:15:12.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but for entirely different purposes.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:12.72,0:15:15.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It took folks like DARPA, universities,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:15.47,0:15:18.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and companies completely\Noutside of the automotive industry
Dialogue: 0,0:15:18.33,0:15:20.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to notice that if you were clever about it,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:20.95,0:15:23.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,autonomy could be done now.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:23.59,0:15:26.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what are the five miracles\Nneeded for autonomous vehicles?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:26.69,0:15:28.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One, you need to know
Dialogue: 0,0:15:28.45,0:15:31.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where you are and exactly what time it is.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:31.49,0:15:33.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was solved neatly by the GPS system,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:33.89,0:15:35.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Global Positioning System,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:35.44,0:15:37.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the U.S. Government put in place.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:37.73,0:15:39.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You need to know where all the roads are,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.93,0:15:43.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what the rules are, and where you're going.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:43.19,0:15:45.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The various needs of personal navigation systems,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:45.73,0:15:47.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in car navigation systems,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:47.71,0:15:50.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and web based maps address this.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:50.25,0:15:53.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You must have near-continuous communication
Dialogue: 0,0:15:53.02,0:15:55.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with high-performance computing networks
Dialogue: 0,0:15:55.10,0:15:56.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and with others nearby
Dialogue: 0,0:15:56.84,0:15:59.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to understand their intent.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:59.19,0:16:03.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The wireless technologies\Ndeveloped for mobile devices,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:03.18,0:16:04.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with some minor modifications,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:04.95,0:16:07.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are completely suitable to solve this.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:07.50,0:16:10.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You'll probably want some restricted roadways
Dialogue: 0,0:16:10.34,0:16:11.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get started
Dialogue: 0,0:16:11.93,0:16:13.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that both society and its lawyers
Dialogue: 0,0:16:13.99,0:16:16.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,agree are safe to use for this.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:16.05,0:16:17.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This will start with the HOV lanes
Dialogue: 0,0:16:17.74,0:16:19.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and move from there.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:19.62,0:16:22.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But finally, you need to recognize
Dialogue: 0,0:16:22.32,0:16:24.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people, signs, and objects.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:24.62,0:16:27.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Machine vision, special sensors,\Nand high performance computing
Dialogue: 0,0:16:27.55,0:16:29.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can do a lot of this,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:29.30,0:16:31.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it turns out a lot is not good enough
Dialogue: 0,0:16:31.41,0:16:33.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when your family is on board.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:33.64,0:16:37.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Occasionally, humans will need to do sense-making.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:37.21,0:16:40.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For this, you might actually have to wake up
Dialogue: 0,0:16:40.56,0:16:42.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your passenger and ask them what the hell
Dialogue: 0,0:16:42.90,0:16:45.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that big lump is in the middle of the road.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:45.89,0:16:47.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not so bad, and it will give us a sense of purpose
Dialogue: 0,0:16:47.74,0:16:49.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in this new world.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:49.88,0:16:52.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Besides, once the first drivers explain
Dialogue: 0,0:16:52.72,0:16:54.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to their confused car
Dialogue: 0,0:16:54.09,0:16:56.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the giant chicken at the fork in the road
Dialogue: 0,0:16:56.14,0:16:58.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is actually a restaurant,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:58.21,0:17:00.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's okay to keep driving,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:00.26,0:17:03.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every other car on the surface of the earth
Dialogue: 0,0:17:03.78,0:17:06.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will know that from that point on.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:06.84,0:17:08.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Five miracles, mostly delivered,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:08.90,0:17:11.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and now you just need a clear vision
Dialogue: 0,0:17:11.10,0:17:13.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a better world filled with autonomous vehicles
Dialogue: 0,0:17:13.86,0:17:17.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with seductively beautiful and new functional designs
Dialogue: 0,0:17:17.09,0:17:19.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,plus a lot of money and hard work
Dialogue: 0,0:17:19.79,0:17:21.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to bring it home.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:21.60,0:17:24.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The beginning is now only a handful of years away,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:24.47,0:17:26.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I predict that autonomous vehicles
Dialogue: 0,0:17:26.26,0:17:28.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will permanently change our world
Dialogue: 0,0:17:28.41,0:17:31.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over the next several decades.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:31.92,0:17:35.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In conclusion, I've come to believe
Dialogue: 0,0:17:35.23,0:17:37.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the ingredients for the next Pantheons
Dialogue: 0,0:17:37.44,0:17:38.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are all around us,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:38.87,0:17:41.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just waiting for visionary people
Dialogue: 0,0:17:41.10,0:17:43.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the broad knowledge,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:43.24,0:17:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,multidisciplinary skills,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:45.00,0:17:46.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and intense passion
Dialogue: 0,0:17:46.70,0:17:51.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to harness them to make their dreams a reality.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:51.25,0:17:53.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But these people don't spontaneously
Dialogue: 0,0:17:53.66,0:17:55.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pop into existence.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:55.39,0:17:57.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They need to be nurtured and encouraged
Dialogue: 0,0:17:57.15,0:17:58.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from when they're little kids.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:58.98,0:18:00.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to love them and help them
Dialogue: 0,0:18:00.71,0:18:02.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,discover their passions.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:02.43,0:18:04.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to encourage them to work hard
Dialogue: 0,0:18:04.60,0:18:07.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and help them understand that failure
Dialogue: 0,0:18:07.14,0:18:09.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a necessary ingredient for success,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:09.91,0:18:12.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as is perseverance.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:12.10,0:18:15.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to help them to find their own role models,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:15.25,0:18:17.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and give them the confidence\Nto believe in themselves
Dialogue: 0,0:18:17.72,0:18:20.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to believe that anything is possible,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:20.71,0:18:24.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and just as my grandpa did when\Nhe took me shopping for surplus
Dialogue: 0,0:18:24.21,0:18:25.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and just as my parents did
Dialogue: 0,0:18:25.91,0:18:27.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they took me to science museums,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:27.78,0:18:31.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need to encourage them to find their own path,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:31.01,0:18:33.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even if it's very different from our own.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:33.76,0:18:35.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But a cautionary note:
Dialogue: 0,0:18:35.39,0:18:37.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we also need to periodically pry them away
Dialogue: 0,0:18:37.73,0:18:39.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from their modern miracles,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:39.21,0:18:41.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the computers, phones, tablets,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:41.10,0:18:42.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,game machines, and TVs,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:42.86,0:18:44.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,take them out into the sunlight
Dialogue: 0,0:18:44.81,0:18:47.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they can experience both the natural
Dialogue: 0,0:18:47.32,0:18:50.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and design wonders of our world,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:50.05,0:18:52.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our planet and our civilization.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:52.35,0:18:54.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we don't, they won't understand
Dialogue: 0,0:18:54.88,0:18:57.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what these precious things are
Dialogue: 0,0:18:57.19,0:18:59.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that someday they will be resopnsible
Dialogue: 0,0:18:59.86,0:19:01.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for protecting and improving.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:01.99,0:19:03.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We also need to them to understand
Dialogue: 0,0:19:03.79,0:19:06.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something that doesn't seem adequately appreciated
Dialogue: 0,0:19:06.31,0:19:09.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in our increasingly tech-dependent world,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:09.14,0:19:10.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that art and design
Dialogue: 0,0:19:10.86,0:19:12.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are not luxuries,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:12.78,0:19:14.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nor somehow incompatible
Dialogue: 0,0:19:14.63,0:19:16.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with science and engineering.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:16.46,0:19:21.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are in fact essential to what makes us special.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:21.50,0:19:24.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Someday, if you get the chance,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:24.46,0:19:26.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,perhaps you can take your kids
Dialogue: 0,0:19:26.20,0:19:27.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the actual Pantheon,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:27.94,0:19:30.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as we will our daughter Kyra,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:30.51,0:19:32.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to experience firsthand
Dialogue: 0,0:19:32.52,0:19:36.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the power of that astonishing design,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:36.92,0:19:40.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which on one otherwise unremarkable day in Rome
Dialogue: 0,0:19:40.57,0:19:43.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reached 2,000 years into the future
Dialogue: 0,0:19:43.54,0:19:46.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to set the course for my life.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:46.02,0:19:48.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:48.45,0:19:52.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)