1 00:00:10,897 --> 00:00:12,219 I'm fat. 2 00:00:13,297 --> 00:00:14,427 Wow, I'm fat. 3 00:00:15,228 --> 00:00:18,967 She's only nineteen years old, what am I doing with my life? 4 00:00:19,717 --> 00:00:21,408 Hey! Two likes! Nice. 5 00:00:21,818 --> 00:00:23,589 Do I like this photo? 6 00:00:24,016 --> 00:00:26,097 Does she really need more likes? 7 00:00:26,597 --> 00:00:28,843 I hope I'm going to be invited to the wedding. 8 00:00:29,469 --> 00:00:31,254 One more like, nice! 9 00:00:31,704 --> 00:00:35,914 Welcome to the internal monologue of a typical social media scroll. 10 00:00:36,544 --> 00:00:39,390 A monologue that so many of us have every day, 11 00:00:39,390 --> 00:00:42,542 but we don't think about it, we don't talk about it. 12 00:00:42,542 --> 00:00:45,234 In fact, many of us can't even recognize it happening. 13 00:00:46,831 --> 00:00:48,198 I'm Bailey Parnell, 14 00:00:48,198 --> 00:00:50,658 and I will discuss the unintended consequences 15 00:00:50,658 --> 00:00:52,787 social media is having on your mental health. 16 00:00:53,296 --> 00:00:55,679 I will show you what's stressing you out every day, 17 00:00:55,679 --> 00:00:56,918 what it's doing to you, 18 00:00:56,918 --> 00:01:00,277 and how you can craft a better experience for yourself online. 19 00:01:02,457 --> 00:01:03,857 Just over a year ago, 20 00:01:03,868 --> 00:01:07,615 my sister and I took a four-day vacation to Jasper, Alberta. 21 00:01:08,300 --> 00:01:12,217 This was the first no-work vacation I had taken in four years. 22 00:01:12,978 --> 00:01:15,818 On this vacation, I was going dark. 23 00:01:16,358 --> 00:01:20,868 I was turning on airplane mode, no email and no social media. 24 00:01:21,488 --> 00:01:22,809 The first day there, 25 00:01:22,809 --> 00:01:25,251 I was still experiencing phantom vibration syndrome. 26 00:01:25,251 --> 00:01:27,249 That's where you think your phone went off, 27 00:01:27,249 --> 00:01:29,008 and you check and it didn't. 28 00:01:29,008 --> 00:01:30,830 I was checking incessantly. 29 00:01:30,830 --> 00:01:32,695 I was distracted in conversation. 30 00:01:32,695 --> 00:01:35,495 I was seeing these gorgeous sights Jasper had to offer, 31 00:01:35,505 --> 00:01:37,695 and my first reaction was to take out my phone 32 00:01:37,695 --> 00:01:39,167 and post it on social. 33 00:01:39,167 --> 00:01:41,221 But of course it wasn't there. 34 00:01:42,090 --> 00:01:44,381 The second day was a little bit easier. 35 00:01:44,629 --> 00:01:46,518 You might be thinking I'm ridiculous, 36 00:01:46,518 --> 00:01:50,069 but I hadn't been completely disconnected in over four years. 37 00:01:50,783 --> 00:01:53,283 This was practically a new experience again. 38 00:01:53,296 --> 00:01:55,335 It wasn't until the fourth day I was there 39 00:01:55,335 --> 00:01:57,616 that I was finally comfortable without my phone. 40 00:01:58,075 --> 00:02:01,314 I was sitting with my sister, literally on the side of this mountain, 41 00:02:01,314 --> 00:02:03,264 when I started thinking to myself: 42 00:02:03,264 --> 00:02:05,745 "What is social media doing to me? 43 00:02:05,745 --> 00:02:07,679 What is it doing to my peers?" 44 00:02:07,679 --> 00:02:10,901 That was only four days, and it was anxiety-inducing, 45 00:02:10,901 --> 00:02:13,699 it was stressful and it resulted in withdrawals. 46 00:02:14,780 --> 00:02:17,139 That's when I started to ask questions 47 00:02:17,139 --> 00:02:20,057 and have since started my master's research into this subject. 48 00:02:21,567 --> 00:02:24,638 I've worked in social marketing primarily in higher education 49 00:02:24,638 --> 00:02:26,349 for most of my career. 50 00:02:26,349 --> 00:02:29,653 That means I work with a lot of 18- to 24-year-olds, 51 00:02:30,218 --> 00:02:31,378 which also happens to be 52 00:02:31,378 --> 00:02:33,889 the most active demographic on social media. 53 00:02:34,691 --> 00:02:36,649 The other thing you need to know about me 54 00:02:36,649 --> 00:02:39,499 is that I'm young enough to have grown up with social media, 55 00:02:40,080 --> 00:02:42,881 but just old enough to be able to critically engage with it 56 00:02:42,881 --> 00:02:45,440 in a way that twelve-year-old me probably couldn't. 57 00:02:45,811 --> 00:02:49,926 My life is social media: personally, professionally and academically. 58 00:02:49,926 --> 00:02:53,771 If it was doing this to me, what was it doing to everyone else? 59 00:02:55,076 --> 00:02:57,357 I immediately found out I wasn't alone. 60 00:02:59,532 --> 00:03:03,028 The center for collegiate mental health found that the top three diagnoses 61 00:03:03,028 --> 00:03:07,266 on University campuses are anxiety, depression and stress. 62 00:03:08,039 --> 00:03:11,768 Numerous studies from the US, Canada, the UK, you name it, 63 00:03:11,768 --> 00:03:14,028 have linked this high social media use 64 00:03:14,028 --> 00:03:16,951 with these high levels of anxiety and depression. 65 00:03:17,723 --> 00:03:20,335 But the scary thing is that high social media use 66 00:03:20,335 --> 00:03:22,285 is almost everyone I know: 67 00:03:22,754 --> 00:03:25,295 my friends, my family, my colleagues. 68 00:03:25,971 --> 00:03:30,161 90% of 18- to 29-year-olds are on social media. 69 00:03:31,093 --> 00:03:34,074 We spend on average two hours a day there. 70 00:03:34,074 --> 00:03:36,694 We don't even eat for two hours a day. 71 00:03:37,452 --> 00:03:41,407 70% of the Canadian population is on social media. 72 00:03:42,133 --> 00:03:45,001 Our voter turnout isn't even 70%. 73 00:03:45,362 --> 00:03:49,939 Anything we do this often is worthy of critical observation. 74 00:03:49,941 --> 00:03:53,882 Anything we spend this much time doing has lasting effects on us. 75 00:03:54,631 --> 00:03:56,161 So let me introduce you 76 00:03:56,161 --> 00:03:59,432 to four of the most common stressors on social media, 77 00:03:59,432 --> 00:04:00,676 that if go unchecked 78 00:04:00,676 --> 00:04:03,882 have potential to become full-blown mental health issues, 79 00:04:03,882 --> 00:04:06,372 and this is by no means an exhaustive list. 80 00:04:07,773 --> 00:04:10,122 Number one: the Highlight Reel. 81 00:04:11,333 --> 00:04:12,727 Just like in sports, 82 00:04:12,727 --> 00:04:16,484 the highlight reel is a collection of the best and brightest moments. 83 00:04:16,964 --> 00:04:19,445 Social media is our personal highlight reel. 84 00:04:19,445 --> 00:04:21,934 It's where we put up our wins, or when we look great, 85 00:04:21,934 --> 00:04:24,185 or when we are out with friends and family. 86 00:04:24,185 --> 00:04:25,983 But we struggle with insecurity 87 00:04:25,983 --> 00:04:28,339 because we compare our behind-the-scenes 88 00:04:28,339 --> 00:04:30,456 with everyone else's highlight reels. 89 00:04:30,456 --> 00:04:33,172 We are constantly comparing ourselves to others. 90 00:04:33,172 --> 00:04:35,742 Yes, this was happening before social media, 91 00:04:35,742 --> 00:04:37,582 with TV and celebrity, 92 00:04:37,582 --> 00:04:41,465 but now it's happening all the time, and it's directly linked to you. 93 00:04:42,607 --> 00:04:45,784 A perfect example I came across in preparation for this talk 94 00:04:45,784 --> 00:04:48,719 is my friend on vacation: 'brb, nap ...' 95 00:04:48,719 --> 00:04:50,209 (Laughter) 96 00:04:50,708 --> 00:04:53,186 'Wait, why can't I afford a vacation? 97 00:04:53,186 --> 00:04:56,028 Why am I just sitting here in my PJ's watching Netflix? 98 00:04:56,028 --> 00:04:57,888 I want to be on a beach.' 99 00:04:58,818 --> 00:05:01,221 Here's the thing, I know her very well. 100 00:05:01,517 --> 00:05:03,869 I knew this was out of the ordinary for her. 101 00:05:04,200 --> 00:05:06,612 I knew she was typically drowning in schoolwork. 102 00:05:06,612 --> 00:05:08,648 But we think, 'Who wants to see that?' 103 00:05:09,035 --> 00:05:11,277 The highlights are what people want to see. 104 00:05:11,278 --> 00:05:13,557 In fact, when your highlights do well, 105 00:05:13,557 --> 00:05:16,406 you encounter the second stressor on social media. 106 00:05:16,787 --> 00:05:20,116 Which is number two: Social Currency. 107 00:05:21,887 --> 00:05:26,048 Just like the dollar, a currency is literally something we use 108 00:05:26,048 --> 00:05:28,214 to attribute value to a good or service. 109 00:05:29,000 --> 00:05:31,810 In social media, these likes, the comments, the shares 110 00:05:31,810 --> 00:05:36,091 have become this form of social currency by which we attribute value to something. 111 00:05:36,872 --> 00:05:39,313 In marketing, we call it the 'Economy of Attention'. 112 00:05:39,678 --> 00:05:41,698 Everything is competing for your attention, 113 00:05:41,698 --> 00:05:45,539 and when you give something a like or a piece of that finite attention, 114 00:05:45,539 --> 00:05:48,541 it becomes a recorded transaction attributing value. 115 00:05:48,972 --> 00:05:51,960 Which is great if you are selling albums or clothing. 116 00:05:52,721 --> 00:05:55,623 The problem is that in our social media, 117 00:05:55,623 --> 00:05:57,443 [WE are the product.] 118 00:05:57,443 --> 00:05:59,761 We are letting others attribute value to us. 119 00:06:00,560 --> 00:06:03,477 You know someone or are someone that has taken down a photo 120 00:06:03,478 --> 00:06:06,370 because it didn't take as many likes as you thought it would. 121 00:06:07,068 --> 00:06:09,439 I'll admit, I've been right there with you. 122 00:06:09,448 --> 00:06:14,150 We took our product off the shelf because it wasn't selling fast enough. 123 00:06:15,099 --> 00:06:17,719 This is changing our sense of identity. 124 00:06:17,719 --> 00:06:20,559 We are tying up our self-worth of what others think about us 125 00:06:20,559 --> 00:06:22,976 and then we are quantifying it for everyone to see. 126 00:06:23,780 --> 00:06:25,022 And we are obsessed. 127 00:06:25,022 --> 00:06:29,533 We have to get that selfie just right, and we will take 300 photos to make sure. 128 00:06:30,353 --> 00:06:33,002 Then we will wait for the perfect time to post. 129 00:06:35,384 --> 00:06:36,653 We are so obsessed 130 00:06:36,653 --> 00:06:39,884 we have biological responses when we can't participate. 131 00:06:40,813 --> 00:06:43,543 Which leads me to the third stressor on social media. 132 00:06:43,983 --> 00:06:46,306 Number three: F.O.M.O. 133 00:06:46,945 --> 00:06:49,158 It's a light phrase we've all thrown around. 134 00:06:49,718 --> 00:06:53,930 F.O.M.O., or the 'fear of missing out', is an actual social anxiety 135 00:06:53,930 --> 00:06:56,819 from the fear that you are missing a potential connection, 136 00:06:56,819 --> 00:06:58,521 event, or opportunity. 137 00:06:58,521 --> 00:07:02,369 A collection of Canadian Universities found that 7/10 students 138 00:07:02,369 --> 00:07:05,350 said they would get rid of their social networking accounts 139 00:07:05,350 --> 00:07:08,324 if it were not for fear of being left 'out of the loop'. 140 00:07:08,324 --> 00:07:10,685 Out of curiosity, how many people here 141 00:07:10,685 --> 00:07:13,595 have, or have considered deactivating your social. 142 00:07:14,714 --> 00:07:16,204 That's almost everyone. 143 00:07:17,701 --> 00:07:21,180 That F.O.M.O. you feel, the highlight reels, the social currency, 144 00:07:21,765 --> 00:07:25,949 those are all results of a relatively 'normal' social media experience. 145 00:07:26,512 --> 00:07:30,052 But what if going on social every day was a terrifying experience? 146 00:07:30,052 --> 00:07:32,330 Where you not just question your self-worth 147 00:07:32,330 --> 00:07:34,301 but you question your safety? 148 00:07:34,445 --> 00:07:37,387 Perhaps the worst stressor on social media is number four: 149 00:07:37,387 --> 00:07:39,040 Online Harassment. 150 00:07:40,823 --> 00:07:44,735 40% of online adults have experienced online harassment. 151 00:07:45,685 --> 00:07:48,255 73% have witnessed it. 152 00:07:48,925 --> 00:07:52,502 The unfortunate reality is that it is much worse and much more likely 153 00:07:52,504 --> 00:07:55,884 if you are a woman, LGBTQ, a person of color, muslim - 154 00:07:55,894 --> 00:07:57,582 I think you get the point. 155 00:07:58,147 --> 00:08:01,627 The problem is that in the news we are seeing these big stories: 156 00:08:02,247 --> 00:08:04,007 The 18-year-old Tyler Clementi, 157 00:08:04,007 --> 00:08:08,217 who took his life after his roommate secretly filmed him kissing another guy 158 00:08:08,217 --> 00:08:09,702 and outed him on Twitter. 159 00:08:10,618 --> 00:08:14,296 We see women like Anita Sarkeesian being close to shamed of the internet 160 00:08:14,296 --> 00:08:17,380 and sent death and rape threats for sharing their feminism. 161 00:08:17,380 --> 00:08:20,175 We see these stories once it is too late. 162 00:08:21,248 --> 00:08:23,764 What about the everyday online harassment? 163 00:08:23,764 --> 00:08:26,517 What about that ugly snapchat you sent your friend 164 00:08:26,517 --> 00:08:29,897 with the intention of it being private, and now it is up on Facebook? 165 00:08:29,901 --> 00:08:32,841 'And so? It's just one photo, it's funny.' 166 00:08:32,841 --> 00:08:35,318 'Just one mean comment, not a big deal.' 167 00:08:35,882 --> 00:08:40,172 But when these micro moments happen over and over again, over time, 168 00:08:40,172 --> 00:08:42,652 that's when we have a macro problem. 169 00:08:43,791 --> 00:08:46,363 We have to recognize these everyday instances as well. 170 00:08:46,930 --> 00:08:49,568 Because if they go unchecked and the effects unnoticed, 171 00:08:49,568 --> 00:08:52,569 we are going to have many more Tyler Clementis. 172 00:08:54,040 --> 00:08:56,176 The effects are not always easy to recognise. 173 00:08:56,176 --> 00:08:59,787 How many of you have noticed the notifications at the top of my screen? 174 00:09:00,269 --> 00:09:03,576 How many of you, like me, are bothered that they're not checked? 175 00:09:04,949 --> 00:09:08,950 Ok, let me check them for you. (Sighs) Okay! 176 00:09:10,647 --> 00:09:13,644 Just one small example of what this can do to you. 177 00:09:13,644 --> 00:09:16,911 Maybe you simply cannot focus because your notifications 178 00:09:16,911 --> 00:09:19,700 are going off the handle, and you need to check. 179 00:09:20,382 --> 00:09:23,359 That need, eventually becomes addiction. 180 00:09:24,479 --> 00:09:26,897 Regarding social media, we are already experiencing 181 00:09:26,897 --> 00:09:29,064 impairment similar to substance dependencies. 182 00:09:29,630 --> 00:09:33,521 With every like, you get a shot of that feel-good chemical, dopamine. 183 00:09:33,894 --> 00:09:37,504 You gain more of that social currency. So what do we do to feel good? 184 00:09:37,891 --> 00:09:40,436 We check likes - just one more time. 185 00:09:41,093 --> 00:09:43,192 We post - just one more time. 186 00:09:44,015 --> 00:09:46,612 We are anxious if we do not have access. 187 00:09:47,205 --> 00:09:50,014 Doesn't that sound like every drug you have ever heard of? 188 00:09:50,639 --> 00:09:51,401 Yeah! 189 00:09:52,594 --> 00:09:54,054 So when that grows, 190 00:09:54,054 --> 00:09:56,936 when your social media use goes unconfronted overtime, 191 00:09:56,936 --> 00:09:59,890 that's when we see the rising levels of anxiety and depression: 192 00:09:59,890 --> 00:10:03,101 the F.O.M.O. the distractions, the highlight reels, the comparisons; 193 00:10:03,101 --> 00:10:05,168 It's a lot, and it's all the time! 194 00:10:06,550 --> 00:10:09,071 The Canadian Association of Mental Health 195 00:10:09,071 --> 00:10:14,132 found that grades 7-12 students who spent two hours a day on social media 196 00:10:14,132 --> 00:10:18,291 reported higher levels of anxiety, depression and suicidal thoughts. 197 00:10:19,763 --> 00:10:23,101 For those of you doing the math, that's as young as twelve years old. 198 00:10:26,411 --> 00:10:30,946 Here is the thing, I like social media. I do, I love it. 199 00:10:31,413 --> 00:10:32,766 Hearing what I've said today 200 00:10:32,776 --> 00:10:35,073 might make you think I want you to get off of it. 201 00:10:35,073 --> 00:10:36,367 But I don't. 202 00:10:36,367 --> 00:10:38,370 I don't think it's going anywhere, 203 00:10:38,370 --> 00:10:39,942 so I'm not going to waste my time 204 00:10:39,942 --> 00:10:42,698 telling you to spend less time on social media. 205 00:10:42,698 --> 00:10:45,757 Frankly, I don't think absence is an option anymore. 206 00:10:45,757 --> 00:10:49,074 But that does not mean you can't practice 'safe social'. 207 00:10:51,982 --> 00:10:54,289 Everything I have talked about today 208 00:10:54,289 --> 00:10:57,681 has nothing and everything to do with social media. 209 00:10:58,609 --> 00:11:01,681 I mean, social media is neither good nor bad. 210 00:11:01,681 --> 00:11:05,028 It's just the most recent tool we use to do what we have always done: 211 00:11:05,631 --> 00:11:07,980 tell stories and communicate with each other. 212 00:11:08,409 --> 00:11:11,873 You wouldn't blame Samsung Television for a bad TV show. 213 00:11:12,603 --> 00:11:15,353 Twitter doesn't make people write hateful posts. 214 00:11:16,177 --> 00:11:18,591 When we talk about this dark side of social media, 215 00:11:18,591 --> 00:11:21,355 what we really talk about is the dark side of people. 216 00:11:21,355 --> 00:11:23,409 That dark side that makes harassers harass; 217 00:11:23,409 --> 00:11:25,685 that insecurity that makes you take down a photo 218 00:11:25,685 --> 00:11:27,178 you were excited to share. 219 00:11:27,178 --> 00:11:30,362 That dark side that looks at a picture of a happy family and wonders 220 00:11:30,362 --> 00:11:32,702 why yours does not look like that. 221 00:11:33,501 --> 00:11:38,137 So as parents, as educators, as friends, as bosses 222 00:11:38,137 --> 00:11:40,573 this dark side is what we need to focus on. 223 00:11:41,470 --> 00:11:45,020 We need preventative strategies and coping strategies 224 00:11:45,020 --> 00:11:48,284 so that when you have your low days - because you will - 225 00:11:48,284 --> 00:11:52,454 when you're questioning your self-worth, you never get as low as Tyler Clementi - 226 00:11:52,842 --> 00:11:54,925 and the many others like him. 227 00:11:55,876 --> 00:11:58,725 'OK, Bailey, how do you find social media wellness?' 228 00:11:59,041 --> 00:12:00,873 Here's the good news: 229 00:12:00,873 --> 00:12:03,996 Recognising a problem is the first step to fixing it. 230 00:12:04,474 --> 00:12:08,229 So hearing this talk is just that, step one: recognise the problem. 231 00:12:08,229 --> 00:12:09,809 You know the power of suggestion, 232 00:12:09,809 --> 00:12:13,349 when someone tells you about something and you start seeing it everywhere. 233 00:12:13,349 --> 00:12:15,383 That's why awareness is critical. 234 00:12:15,383 --> 00:12:18,877 Because now you will at least be better able to recognise these effects 235 00:12:18,877 --> 00:12:20,846 if and when they happen to you. 236 00:12:22,864 --> 00:12:26,389 The second thing you are going to do is audit your social media diet. 237 00:12:27,786 --> 00:12:30,102 The same way we monitor what goes into our mouth, 238 00:12:30,102 --> 00:12:32,602 monitor whatever goes into your head and heart. 239 00:12:32,602 --> 00:12:37,025 Ask yourself: 'Did that Facebook scroll make me feel better or worse off?' 240 00:12:37,397 --> 00:12:39,937 'How many times do I actually check likes?' 241 00:12:40,266 --> 00:12:42,834 'Why am I responding this way to that photo?' 242 00:12:43,117 --> 00:12:45,860 Then ask yourself if you are happy with the results. 243 00:12:45,860 --> 00:12:47,927 You might be and that's OK! 244 00:12:48,322 --> 00:12:51,059 But if you're not, move on to step three. 245 00:12:51,593 --> 00:12:53,858 Create a better online experience. 246 00:12:54,556 --> 00:12:56,049 After my partner did his audit, 247 00:12:56,049 --> 00:12:59,080 he realised his self-worth was too tied up in social media, 248 00:12:59,080 --> 00:13:03,163 but particularly celebrities reminding him of the things he didn't have. 249 00:13:03,173 --> 00:13:06,219 So he unfollowed all brands and all celebrities. 250 00:13:06,535 --> 00:13:08,016 That worked for him. 251 00:13:08,027 --> 00:13:10,141 But it might not be celebrities for you. 252 00:13:10,141 --> 00:13:13,051 For me, I had to purge other people off my timeline. 253 00:13:13,051 --> 00:13:14,381 Let me tell you a secret. 254 00:13:14,381 --> 00:13:17,221 You do not have to follow your 'friends'. 255 00:13:17,679 --> 00:13:19,973 The truth is that sometimes our friends, 256 00:13:19,973 --> 00:13:23,219 or the people we have on Facebook as a courtesy, 257 00:13:23,219 --> 00:13:24,582 they just suck online! 258 00:13:24,962 --> 00:13:27,936 You find yourself in this passive-aggressive status war 259 00:13:27,936 --> 00:13:29,956 you didn't even know was happening. 260 00:13:29,956 --> 00:13:33,805 Or you are looking at 50 photos of the same concert from the same angle. 261 00:13:33,805 --> 00:13:35,685 (Laughter) 262 00:13:35,685 --> 00:13:39,355 If you want to follow artists, or comedians, or cats, 263 00:13:39,355 --> 00:13:40,977 you can do that. 264 00:13:41,186 --> 00:13:43,737 The last thing you will do is model good behaviour. 265 00:13:43,737 --> 00:13:46,787 Offline we are taught not to bully other kids in the playground. 266 00:13:46,787 --> 00:13:49,822 We are taught to respect others and treat them how they deserve. 267 00:13:49,822 --> 00:13:52,328 We are taught not to kick others when they are down, 268 00:13:52,328 --> 00:13:54,120 or take pleasure in their downfalls. 269 00:13:54,120 --> 00:13:55,771 Social media is a tool. 270 00:13:55,953 --> 00:13:59,601 A tool that can be used for good, for more positive groups, 271 00:13:59,601 --> 00:14:03,448 for revolutions, for putting grumpy cat in Disney movies. 272 00:14:03,448 --> 00:14:04,775 (Laughs) 273 00:14:04,775 --> 00:14:06,464 Internet is a weird place. 274 00:14:07,099 --> 00:14:09,315 Is social media hurting your mental health? 275 00:14:09,325 --> 00:14:11,375 The answer is: it doesn't have to. 276 00:14:11,758 --> 00:14:15,340 Social can tear you down, yes, or it can lift you up, 277 00:14:15,826 --> 00:14:19,485 where you leave feeling better off, or have an actual laugh-out-loud. 278 00:14:20,508 --> 00:14:22,463 Finally, I have 24 hours in a day, 279 00:14:22,463 --> 00:14:25,463 if I spend two of those hours on social media, 280 00:14:25,463 --> 00:14:29,987 then I want my experiences to be full of inspiration, laughs, motivation, 281 00:14:29,987 --> 00:14:32,854 and a whole lot of grumpy cat in Disney movies. 282 00:14:33,689 --> 00:14:34,710 Thank you. 283 00:14:34,710 --> 00:14:37,260 (Applause)