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Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.40,0:00:05.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mexico is the 11th most populous country\Nin the world with 121 million people.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.88,0:00:08.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mexico is among the world's \N15 largest economies
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.59,0:00:11.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and is the second economy\Nin Latin America.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.26,0:00:13.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Welcome to our animated show of history.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.47,0:00:16.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This episode presents\Na brief history of Mexico.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.41,0:00:19.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The earliest human artifacts in Mexico\Nare chips of stone tools
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.50,0:00:22.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,found near campfire remains\Nin the valley of Mexico,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.06,0:00:23.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,10,000 years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.47,0:00:27.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mexico is the site of the domestication\Nof maize, tomato, and beans
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.15,0:00:29.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which produced an agricultural surplus.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.32,0:00:32.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This enabled the transition from\NPaleo-Indian hunter gatherers
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.64,0:00:34.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to sedentary agricultural villages
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.92,0:00:36.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,beginning around 5,000 B.C.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.96,0:00:40.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the formative era, villages became\Nmore dense in terms of population
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.66,0:00:42.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and developing into chiefdoms.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.59,0:00:46.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The earliest complex civilization in\NMexico was the Olmec culture
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.17,0:00:49.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which flourished on the Gulf Coast\Nfrom around 1500 BC.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.44,0:00:52.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Olmec cultural traits \Ndiffused through Mexico
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.02,0:00:53.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into their formative era cultures
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.61,0:00:56.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Chiapas, Oaxaca,\Nand the valley of Mexico
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.09,0:00:58.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the subsequent preclassical period
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.41,0:01:00.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Maya and Zapotec civilizations
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.39,0:01:04.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,developed complex centers\Nat Calakmul and Monte Albán respectively.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.30,0:01:07.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,During this period the first true\NMesoamerican writing systems
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.21,0:01:10.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were developed in the EPI Olmec\Nand the Zapotec cultures.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.34,0:01:12.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Central Mexico, \Nthe height of the classic period
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.88,0:01:14.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,saw the ascendancy of Teotihuacán
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.86,0:01:17.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which formed a military\Nand commercial empire
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.04,0:01:21.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whose influence stretched south\Ninto the Mayan area as well as North.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.42,0:01:24.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After the collapse\Nof Teotihuacan in 600 AD,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.20,0:01:27.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,competition ensued between several\Nimportant political centers
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.29,0:01:30.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in central Mexico,\Nsuch as Xochicalco and Cholula
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.93,0:01:32.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,During the early post classic period
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.80,0:01:35.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,central Mexico was dominated\Nby the Toltec culture.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.67,0:01:38.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oaxaca by the Mixtec \Nand the lowland Maya area
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.42,0:01:41.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had important centres and \NChichen Itza and Mayapan.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.46,0:01:45.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Aztecs, the last of pre-Colombian \NMexico's great native civilizations
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.51,0:01:49.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rose to prominence in the central valley\Nof Mexico around 1427
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.40,0:01:51.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by partnering with the Toltecs and Mayans.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.85,0:01:55.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This triple alliance conquered smaller\Ncultures to the east and west
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.22,0:01:59.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until the Aztec empire spanned Mexico\Nfrom the Pacific Ocean to the Gulf Coast.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.64,0:02:01.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Spanish first learned of Mexico
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.61,0:02:04.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,during the Juan de Grijalva\Nexpedition of 1518.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.37,0:02:08.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire\Nbegan in February 1519
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.02,0:02:11.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when Hernan Cortes arrived\Nat the port of Veracruz.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.25,0:02:14.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After taking control of that city\Nhe moved on to the Aztec capital.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.94,0:02:16.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In his search for gold and other riches,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.85,0:02:19.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cortes decided to invade \Nand conquer the Aztec empire.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.97,0:02:22.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The territory became part \Nof the Spanish empire
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.28,0:02:25.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,under the name of New Spain in 1535
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.46,0:02:28.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Much of the identity, traditions\Nand architecture of Mexico
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.43,0:02:31.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,developed during\Nthe 286-year colonial period.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.56,0:02:35.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cortes then colonized the area\Nand named it Nueva Espana, New Spain.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.05,0:02:39.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By 1574, Spain controlled\Na large portion of the Aztec empire
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.88,0:02:42.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and had enslaved most \Nof the indigenous population.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.97,0:02:46.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Worse, the diseases brought\Ninto the society by the Spaniards
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.23,0:02:49.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,devastated the indigenous population\Nof Nueva Espana,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.60,0:02:52.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,killing an estimated 24 million people
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.20,0:02:54.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between 1521 and 1605.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.99,0:02:57.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a result of its trade links with Asia,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.10,0:02:59.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the West of the Americas, \NAfrica and Europe
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.66,0:03:01.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the profound effect of \Nnew world silver,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.75,0:03:04.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Central Mexico was one\Nof the first regions
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.19,0:03:06.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be incorporated\Ninto a globalized economy.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.49,0:03:09.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Being at the crossroads of trade, people\Nand cultures,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.51,0:03:12.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mexico City has been called\Nthe First World City.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.52,0:03:15.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Catholic church's influence\Nwas felt in the region
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.24,0:03:17.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when missionaries began\Narriving in 1523.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.73,0:03:19.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The missionaries built many monasteries
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.91,0:03:22.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and converted millions of people\Nto Catolicism.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.45,0:03:25.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Concerned about the Catholic\Nchurch's ever-growing power,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.28,0:03:28.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,King Carlos III of Spain expelled\Nthe Jesuits from Nueva Espana
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.66,0:03:30.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the late 1700s.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.44,0:03:32.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Inspired by the American and French \Nrevolutions,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.84,0:03:35.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mexican insurgence saw\Nan opportunity, in 1808,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.56,0:03:37.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the King abdicated\Nin Madrid in Spain
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.93,0:03:40.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and was overwhelmed by war\Nand occupation.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.47,0:03:43.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The rebellion began as an idealistic\Npeasants and miners' movement
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.85,0:03:46.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,led by a local priest, \NMiguel Hidalgo y Costilla
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.88,0:03:50.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who issued the Cry of Dolores\Non the 16th of September 1810.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.12,0:03:53.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The day is celebrated as Independence Day.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.69,0:03:56.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mexico's short recovery\Nafter the war of independence
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.39,0:03:58.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was soon cut short again\Nby the civil wars
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.35,0:04:01.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and institutional instability\Nof the 1850s
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.39,0:04:04.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which lasted until \Nthe government of Porfirio Diaz
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.03,0:04:07.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reestablished conditions \Nthat paved the way for economic growth.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.42,0:04:10.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Agustin de Iturbide\Nbecame constitutional emperor
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.20,0:04:12.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the first Mexican Empire in 1822.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.06,0:04:16.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A revolt against him established\Nthe United Mexican States.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.20,0:04:18.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Later a Republican Constitution is drafted
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.84,0:04:21.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Guadalupe Victoria became\Nthe first president
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.30,0:04:22.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the newly- born country.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.75,0:04:26.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,During this time, people had difficulty \Nmeeting tax payments
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.05,0:04:28.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and resented the central\Ngovernment's actions
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.20,0:04:30.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in collecting customs\Ndue to limited trade.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.31,0:04:32.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The United States' annexation\Nof the Republic of Texas
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.84,0:04:34.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and subsequent \NAmerican military incursion
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.84,0:04:36.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into territory that was part\Nof Coahuila
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.76,0:04:38.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instigated the Mexican-American war.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.96,0:04:43.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The war was settled in 1848\Nvia the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.16,0:04:46.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mexico was forced to give up\Nmore than one third of its land to the US
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.62,0:04:50.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including Alta California, New Mexico\Nand the territory claimed by Texas.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.09,0:04:54.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the 1860s, \NMexico was occupied by France
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.18,0:04:56.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which established\Nthe second Mexican Empire
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.60,0:05:00.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,under the rule of Habsburg\NArchduke Ferdinand Maximilian of Austria
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.34,0:05:02.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the support\Nof the Roman Catholic clergy
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.48,0:05:03.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the Conservatives.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.03,0:05:05.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,France never made a profit in Mexico
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.84,0:05:08.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and its Mexican expedition\Ngrew increasingly unpopular.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.57,0:05:12.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Finally, in the spring of 1865,\Nafter the US Civil War was over,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.39,0:05:16.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the US demanded the withdraw\Nof French troops from Mexico.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.06,0:05:20.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Porfirio Diaz was elected the 29th\Npresident in the late 19th century
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.28,0:05:23.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the period known as the Porfiriato\Nwas characterised
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.56,0:05:25.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by economic stability and growth,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.71,0:05:28.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,significant foreign\Ninvestment and influence.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.14,0:05:29.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Mexican Revolution began
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.54,0:05:32.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when Madero issued \Nthe Plan of San Luis Potosi
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.16,0:05:34.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and declared war on the Diaz regime.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.52,0:05:37.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By 1911, Diaz is forced to step aside
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.26,0:05:39.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Madero was elected president
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.21,0:05:42.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but conflict and violence continue\Nfor the better part of the next decade.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.18,0:05:46.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,World War II further stimulated\Nthe nation's development
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.03,0:05:48.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through the development of roads, \Nthe building of factories
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.90,0:05:51.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the establishment\Nof irrigation systems.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.31,0:05:53.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Until the 80s, Mexico\Nremained a poor country
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.86,0:05:56.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but experienced\Nsubstantial economic growth
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.19,0:05:58.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that some historians \Ncall The Mexican Miracle.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.84,0:06:00.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In recent years, the Mexican economy
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.79,0:06:03.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has had an unprecedented\Nmacroeconomic stability.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.74,0:06:06.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Its economy has integrated\Nwith that of US and also Canada
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.87,0:06:09.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after the North American\NFree Trade Agreement.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.46,0:06:10.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you for watching.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.77,0:06:13.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Please subscribe to our channel\Nfor new videos updated daily.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.00,0:06:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,