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Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.40,0:00:05.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mexico is the 11th most populous country\Nin the world with 121 million people.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.88,0:00:09.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mexico is among the world's 15 largest \Neconomies and is the second
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.32,0:00:10.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,largest economy in Latin America.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.26,0:00:13.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Welcome to our animated show of history.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.19,0:00:16.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This episode presents a brief history \Nof Mexico.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.41,0:00:20.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The earliest human artifacts in Mexico\Nare chips of stone tools found near
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.07,0:00:23.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,campfire remains in the valley of Mexico\N10,000 years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.20,0:00:27.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mexico is the site of the domestication\Nof maize, tomato, and beans.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.20,0:00:30.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which produced an agricultural surplus.\NThis enabled the transition from
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.91,0:00:34.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Paleo-Indian hunter gatherers to\Nsedentary agricultural villages
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.81,0:00:36.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,beginning around 5,000 B.C.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.74,0:00:40.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the formative era villages became more\Ndense in terms of population and
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.74,0:00:42.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,developing into chiefdoms.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.41,0:00:46.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The earliest complex civilization in\NMexico was the Olmec culture which
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.41,0:00:51.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,flourished on the Gulf Coast from around\N1500 BC. Olmec cultural traits diffused
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.21,0:00:55.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through Mexico into their formative era\Ncultures in Chiapas, Oaxaca, and the
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.21,0:00:59.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,valley of Mexico in the subsequent\Npreclassical period the Maya and Zapotec
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.47,0:01:04.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,civilizations developed complex centers\Nat Calakmul and Monte Albán. Respectively
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.04,0:01:07.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,during this period the first true\NMesoamerican writing systems were
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.45,0:01:10.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,developed in the EPI Olmec and the\NZapotec cultures.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.14,0:01:13.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Central Mexico the height of the\Nclassic period saw the ascendancy of
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.86,0:01:17.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Teotihuacán which formed a military and\Ncommercial empire whose political
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.63,0:01:21.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,influence stretched south into the Mayan\Narea as well as North.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.13,0:01:26.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After the collapse of Teotihuacan in\N600 AD, competition ensued between several
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.06,0:01:30.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,important political centers in central\NMexico such as Xochicalco and Cholula
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.66,0:01:34.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,During the early post classic period\Ncentral Mexico was dominated by the
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.66,0:01:37.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Toltec culture.\NOaxaca by the Mixtec and the lowland
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.68,0:01:41.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maya area had important centres and \NChichen Itza and Mayapan.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.38,0:01:45.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Aztecs, the last of pre-Colombian \NMexico's great native civilizations
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.38,0:01:50.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rose to prominence in the central valley\Nof Mexico around 1427 by partnering with
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.16,0:01:51.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Toltecs and Mayans.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.66,0:01:55.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This triple alliance conquered smaller\Ncultures to the east and west until the
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.66,0:01:59.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Aztec empire spanned Mexico from the\NPacific Ocean to the Gulf Coast.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.35,0:02:04.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Spanish first learned of Mexico during\Nthe Juan de Grijalva expedition of 1518.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.24,0:02:09.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire\Nbegan in February 1519 when Hernan Cortes
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.37,0:02:11.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,arrived at the port of Veracruz.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.16,0:02:14.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After taking control of that city he moved\Non to the Aztec capital.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.62,0:02:18.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In his search for gold and other riches,\NCortes decided to invade and conquer the
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.75,0:02:19.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Aztec empire.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.97,0:02:24.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The territory became part of the Spanish\Nempire under the name of New Spain in 1535
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.24,0:02:29.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Much of the identity, traditions and \Narchitecture of Mexico developed during
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.24,0:02:31.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the 286-year colonial period.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.40,0:02:35.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cortes then colonized the area and named\Nit Nueva Espana, New Spain.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.98,0:02:41.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By 1574, Spain controlled a large portion\Nof the Aztec empire and had enslaved most
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.09,0:02:42.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the indigenous population.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.97,0:02:47.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Worse, the diseases brought into the\Nsociety by the Spaniards devastated the
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.20,0:02:52.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,indigenous population of Nueva Espana,\Nkilling an estimated 24 million people
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.06,0:02:54.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between 1521 and 1605.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.95,0:02:58.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a result of its trade links with Asia,\Nthe rest of the Americas, Africa and
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.95,0:03:02.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Europe and the profound effect of \Nnew world silver, Central Mexico was one
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.95,0:03:06.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the first regions to be incorporated\Ninto a globalized economy
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.37,0:03:10.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being at the crossroads of trade, people\Nand cultures, Mexico City has been called
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.92,0:03:12.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the First World City.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.44,0:03:16.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Catholic church's influence was felt\Nin the region when missionaries began
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.14,0:03:17.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,arriving in 1523.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.56,0:03:21.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The missionaries built many monasteries \Nand converted millions of people to
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.21,0:03:22.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Catholicism.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.11,0:03:26.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Concerned about the Catholic church's\Never-growing power, King Carlos III of
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.11,0:03:30.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Spain expelled the Jesuits from\NNueva Espana in the late 1700s.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.11,0:03:34.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Inspired by the American and French \Nrevolutions, Mexican insurgence saw an
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.11,0:03:38.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,opportunity in 1808 as the King abdicated\Nin Madrid in Spain and was overwhelmed by
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.90,0:03:40.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,war and occupation.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.32,0:03:44.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The rebellion began as an idealistic\Npeasants and miners' movement led by a
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.32,0:03:49.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,local priest, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla\Nwho issued the Cry of Dolores on the 16th
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.29,0:03:50.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of September 1810.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.09,0:03:53.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The day is celebrated as Independence Day.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.55,0:03:57.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mexico's short recovery after the war of\Nindependence was soon cut short again by
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.55,0:04:01.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the civil wars and institutional \Ninstability of the 1850s which lasted
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.100,0:04:05.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until the government of Porfirio Diaz \Nreestablished conditions that paved the
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.100,0:04:07.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,way for economic growth.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.50,0:04:11.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Agustin de Iturbide became constitutional\Nemperor of the first Mexican Empire in
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.50,0:04:12.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1822.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.06,0:04:16.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A revolt against him established the \NUnited Mexican States.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.20,0:04:20.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Later a Republican Constitution is drafted\Nand Guadalupe Victoria became the first
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.74,0:04:22.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,president of the newly born country.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.59,0:04:26.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,During this time, people had difficulty \Nmeeting tax payments and resented the
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.59,0:04:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,central government's actions in collecting\Ncustoms due to limited trade.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.13,0:04:33.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The United States' annexation of the \NRepublic of Texas and subsequent American
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.86,0:04:37.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,military incursion into territory that was\Npart of Coahuila instigated the
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.46,0:04:38.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mexican American war.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.75,0:04:42.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The war was settled in 1848 via the \Ntreaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.24,0:04:47.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mexico was forced to give up more than one\Nthird of its land to the US including
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.08,0:04:50.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Alta California, New Mexico and the \Nterritory claimed by Texas.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.91,0:04:55.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the 1860s, Mexico was occupied by \NFrance which established the second
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.58,0:05:00.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mexican Empire under the rule of Habsburg\NArchduke Ferdinand Maximilian of Austria
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.42,0:05:03.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the support of the Roman Catholic\Nclergy and the Conservatives.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.66,0:05:07.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,France never made a profit in Mexico and \Nits Mexican expedition grew increasingly
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.66,0:05:08.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unpopular.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.45,0:05:13.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Finally, in the spring of 1865, after the\NUS Civil War was over, the US demanded the
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.92,0:05:15.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,withdrawal of French troops from Mexico.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.93,0:05:20.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Porfirio Diaz was elected the 29th\Npresident in the late 19th century
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.28,0:05:24.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the period known as the Porfiriato was\Ncharacterised by economic stability and
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.85,0:05:27.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,growth, significant foreign investment and\Ninfluence.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.68,0:05:32.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Mexican revolution began when Madero\Nissued the Plan of San Luis Potosi and
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.23,0:05:34.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,declared war on the Diaz regime.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.34,0:05:38.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By 1911 Diaz is forced to step aside and \NMadero was elected president
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.10,0:05:42.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but conflict and violence continue for the\Nbetter part of the next decade.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.91,0:05:46.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,World War II further stimulated the \Nnation's development through the
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.36,0:05:49.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,development of roads, the building of \Nfactories and the establishment of
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.82,0:05:50.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,irrigation systems.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.23,0:05:55.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Until the 80s, Mexico remained a poor\Ncountry but experienced substantial
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.23,0:05:58.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,economic growth that some historians \Ncall The Mexican Miracle.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.75,0:06:02.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In recent years, the Mexican economy has \Nhad an unprecedented macroeconomic
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.75,0:06:03.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stability.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.74,0:06:07.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Its economy has integrated with that of\NUS and also Canada after the
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.47,0:06:09.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,North American Free Trade Agreement.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.37,0:06:13.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you for watching. Please subscribe\Nto our channel for new videos updated
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.05,0:06:13.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,daily.