WEBVTT 00:00:00.400 --> 00:00:05.425 تعتبر المكسيك الدوله رقم 11 من حيث التكدس السكاني حيث يعيش بها 121 مليون شخص 00:00:05.878 --> 00:00:08.592 و المكسيك من الدول ال 15 الاقتصادية الكبري حول العالم 00:00:08.592 --> 00:00:11.198 و هي ثاني اكبر اقتصاد في أمريكا اللاتينية 00:00:11.258 --> 00:00:13.414 مرحبا بكم في برنامجنا التاريخي 00:00:13.474 --> 00:00:16.307 هذه الحلقة تقدم ملخص عن تاريخ المكسيك 00:00:16.407 --> 00:00:19.497 اقدم اثار وجدت بالمكسيك من صنع الانسان كانت رقائق من ادوات حجرية 00:00:19.497 --> 00:00:22.060 وجدت بجانب بقايا نار مخيم في وادي المكسيك 00:00:22.060 --> 00:00:23.474 منذ 10000 سنه 00:00:23.474 --> 00:00:27.153 المكسيك هي موقع استيطان الذرة و الطماطم و البقوليات 00:00:27.153 --> 00:00:29.323 حيث انتجت فائض زراعي 00:00:29.323 --> 00:00:32.643 مما ساعد الهنود القدماء علي التحول من الصيد و جمع الطعام 00:00:32.643 --> 00:00:34.920 الي مستوطني قرى زراعية 00:00:34.920 --> 00:00:36.886 بداية من حوالي 5000 قبل الميلاد 00:00:36.956 --> 00:00:40.657 خلال العصر التكويني اصبحت القري اكثر تكدسا من حيث التعداد السكاني 00:00:40.657 --> 00:00:42.536 و تطورت الي نظام المشيخات 00:00:42.586 --> 00:00:46.173 اوائل الحضارات المعقدة في المكسيك هي حضارة الاولميك 00:00:46.173 --> 00:00:49.442 التي ازدهرت في ساحل الخليج منذ حوالي 1500 عام قبل الميلاد 00:00:49.442 --> 00:00:52.016 تغللت الصفات الثقافيه للاولميك في المكسيك 00:00:52.016 --> 00:00:53.613 الي ثقافات العصر التكويني 00:00:53.613 --> 00:00:56.091 في مناطق شاياباس، اوكساكا و وادي المكسيك 00:00:56.091 --> 00:00:58.408 00:00:58.408 --> 00:01:00.349 00:01:00.389 --> 00:01:04.305 00:01:04.305 --> 00:01:07.211 00:01:07.211 --> 00:01:10.336 00:01:10.336 --> 00:01:12.885 00:01:12.885 --> 00:01:14.862 00:01:14.862 --> 00:01:17.045 00:01:17.045 --> 00:01:21.349 00:01:21.424 --> 00:01:24.184 00:01:24.204 --> 00:01:27.287 00:01:27.287 --> 00:01:30.863 00:01:30.933 --> 00:01:32.798 00:01:32.798 --> 00:01:35.653 00:01:35.673 --> 00:01:38.386 00:01:38.416 --> 00:01:41.277 00:01:41.457 --> 00:01:45.377 00:01:45.514 --> 00:01:49.377 NOTE Paragraph 00:01:49.397 --> 00:01:51.627 00:01:51.851 --> 00:01:55.216 NOTE Paragraph 00:01:55.216 --> 00:01:59.423 00:01:59.643 --> 00:02:01.612 00:02:01.612 --> 00:02:04.218 00:02:04.368 --> 00:02:08.018 00:02:08.018 --> 00:02:11.164 00:02:11.253 --> 00:02:14.879 00:02:14.943 --> 00:02:16.848 00:02:16.848 --> 00:02:19.793 00:02:19.969 --> 00:02:22.280 00:02:22.280 --> 00:02:25.216 00:02:25.456 --> 00:02:28.428 00:02:28.428 --> 00:02:31.387 00:02:31.565 --> 00:02:35.912 00:02:36.051 --> 00:02:39.871 00:02:39.881 --> 00:02:42.812 00:02:42.973 --> 00:02:46.232 00:02:46.232 --> 00:02:49.561 00:02:49.601 --> 00:02:52.152 00:02:52.202 --> 00:02:54.835 00:02:54.986 --> 00:02:57.096 00:02:57.096 --> 00:02:59.655 00:02:59.655 --> 00:03:01.750 00:03:01.750 --> 00:03:04.156 00:03:04.186 --> 00:03:06.489 00:03:06.489 --> 00:03:09.514 00:03:09.514 --> 00:03:12.395 00:03:12.525 --> 00:03:15.225 00:03:15.235 --> 00:03:17.666 00:03:17.726 --> 00:03:19.907 00:03:19.913 --> 00:03:22.421 00:03:22.451 --> 00:03:25.278 NOTE Paragraph 00:03:25.278 --> 00:03:28.605 00:03:28.663 --> 00:03:30.423 00:03:30.443 --> 00:03:32.838 00:03:32.838 --> 00:03:35.561 00:03:35.561 --> 00:03:37.931 00:03:37.931 --> 00:03:40.407 00:03:40.468 --> 00:03:43.808 NOTE Paragraph 00:03:43.848 --> 00:03:46.885 00:03:46.885 --> 00:03:50.797 00:03:51.116 --> 00:03:53.694 00:03:53.694 --> 00:03:56.393 00:03:56.393 --> 00:03:58.346 00:03:58.346 --> 00:04:01.389 00:04:01.389 --> 00:04:05.344 00:04:05.344 --> 00:04:07.329 00:04:07.420 --> 00:04:10.205 00:04:10.205 --> 00:04:12.890 NOTE Paragraph 00:04:13.055 --> 00:04:16.133 00:04:16.202 --> 00:04:18.845 00:04:18.845 --> 00:04:21.299 00:04:21.299 --> 00:04:22.730 00:04:22.750 --> 00:04:26.049 00:04:26.049 --> 00:04:28.204 00:04:28.204 --> 00:04:30.313 00:04:30.313 --> 00:04:32.841 00:04:32.841 --> 00:04:34.841 00:04:34.841 --> 00:04:36.761 00:04:36.761 --> 00:04:38.810 00:04:38.960 --> 00:04:43.050 00:04:43.155 --> 00:04:46.615 00:04:46.615 --> 00:04:50.864 00:04:51.086 --> 00:04:54.183 00:04:54.183 --> 00:04:56.604 00:04:56.604 --> 00:05:00.345 00:05:00.345 --> 00:05:02.482 00:05:02.485 --> 00:05:03.998 00:05:04.028 --> 00:05:05.843 00:05:05.843 --> 00:05:08.548 00:05:08.568 --> 00:05:12.391 00:05:12.391 --> 00:05:16.021 00:05:16.061 --> 00:05:20.279 00:05:20.279 --> 00:05:23.559 00:05:23.559 --> 00:05:25.706 00:05:25.706 --> 00:05:28.113 00:05:28.143 --> 00:05:29.537 00:05:29.537 --> 00:05:32.152 00:05:32.163 --> 00:05:34.502 00:05:34.523 --> 00:05:37.264 00:05:37.264 --> 00:05:39.211 00:05:39.211 --> 00:05:42.906 00:05:43.176 --> 00:05:46.026 00:05:46.026 --> 00:05:48.901 00:05:48.901 --> 00:05:51.086 00:05:51.308 --> 00:05:53.858 NOTE Paragraph 00:05:53.858 --> 00:05:56.188 00:05:56.188 --> 00:05:58.648 00:05:58.838 --> 00:06:00.793 00:06:00.793 --> 00:06:03.658 00:06:03.741 --> 00:06:06.861 00:06:06.871 --> 00:06:09.350 00:06:09.460 --> 00:06:10.771 00:06:10.771 --> 00:06:13.856