[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.89,0:00:02.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I, like many of you,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.79,0:00:08.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,am one of the two billion people\Non Earth who live in cities.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.48,0:00:12.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there are days --\NI don't know about the rest of you --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.41,0:00:15.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there are days when I palpably feel
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.00,0:00:18.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how much I rely on other people
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.50,0:00:20.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for pretty much everything in my life.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.35,0:00:24.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And some days, that can even\Nbe a little scary.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.69,0:00:26.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what I'm here\Nto talk to you about today
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.80,0:00:29.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is how that same interdependence
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.61,0:00:34.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is actually an extremely\Npowerful social infrastructure
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.12,0:00:36.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we can actually harness
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.13,0:00:40.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help heal some\Nof our deepest civic issues,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.56,0:00:44.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we apply open-source collaboration.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.99,0:00:46.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A couple of years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.36,0:00:49.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I read an article by New York Times\Nwriter Michael Pollan,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.88,0:00:53.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which he argued that growing\Neven some of our own food
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.00,0:00:57.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is one of the best things\Nthat we can do for the environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.04,0:00:59.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now at the time that I was reading this,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.96,0:01:01.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was the middle of the winter
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.63,0:01:04.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I definitely did not have room\Nfor a lot of dirt
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.96,0:01:07.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in my New York City apartment.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.11,0:01:09.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I was basically just willing to settle
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.10,0:01:11.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for just reading the next Wired magazine
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.07,0:01:13.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and finding out how the experts\Nwere going to figure out
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.72,0:01:16.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how to solve all these problems\Nfor us in the future.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.82,0:01:19.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that was actually exactly the point
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.09,0:01:21.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that Michael Pollan\Nwas making in this article --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.40,0:01:23.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's precisely when we hand over
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.63,0:01:26.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the responsibility\Nfor all these things to specialists
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.90,0:01:30.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we cause the kind of messes\Nthat we see with the food system.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.00,0:01:35.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I happen to know\Na little bit from my own work
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.36,0:01:39.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about how NASA has been using hydroponics
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.64,0:01:42.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to explore growing food in space.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.88,0:01:47.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that you can actually\Nget optimal nutritional yield
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.32,0:01:53.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by running a kind of high-quality\Nliquid soil over plants' root systems.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.93,0:01:55.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now to a vegetable plant,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.54,0:02:00.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my apartment has got to be\Nabout as foreign as outer space.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.05,0:02:02.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I can offer some natural light
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.54,0:02:04.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and year-round climate control.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.23,0:02:06.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fast-forward two years later:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.95,0:02:08.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we now have window farms,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.70,0:02:10.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are vertical, hydroponic platforms
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.78,0:02:13.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for food-growing indoors.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.62,0:02:16.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the way it works\Nis that there's a pump at the bottom,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.40,0:02:19.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which periodically sends this liquid\Nnutrient solution up to the top,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.98,0:02:22.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which then trickles down\Nthrough plants' root systems
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.65,0:02:24.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are suspended in clay pellets --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.81,0:02:26.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so there's no dirt involved.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.31,0:02:32.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now light and temperature vary\Nwith each window's microclimate,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.04,0:02:35.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so a window farm requires a farmer,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.82,0:02:37.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she must decide
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.34,0:02:41.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what kind of crops she is going\Nto put in her window farm,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.10,0:02:45.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and whether she is going\Nto feed her food organically.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.03,0:02:46.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Back at the time,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.21,0:02:49.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a window farm was no more\Nthan a technically complex idea
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.41,0:02:51.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was going to require\Na lot of testing.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.00,0:02:54.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I really wanted it\Nto be an open project,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.77,0:02:55.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because hydroponics
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.00,0:02:58.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is one of the fastest\Ngrowing areas of patenting
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.74,0:03:00.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the United States right now,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.43,0:03:04.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and could possibly become\Nanother area like Monsanto,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.12,0:03:07.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we have a lot of corporate\Nintellectual property
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.18,0:03:09.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the way of people's food.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.11,0:03:13.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I decided that,\Ninstead of creating a product,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.76,0:03:14.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what I was going to do
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.95,0:03:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was open this up\Nto a whole bunch of codevelopers.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.36,0:03:22.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first few systems that we created,\Nthey kind of worked.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.14,0:03:24.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were actually able to grow\Nabout a salad a week
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.50,0:03:26.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a typical New York City\Napartment window.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.92,0:03:28.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we were able to grow cherry tomatoes
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.97,0:03:30.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and cucumbers, all kinds of stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.97,0:03:32.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the first few systems
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.48,0:03:36.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were these leaky, loud power-guzzlers
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.03,0:03:38.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that Martha Stewart\Nwould definitely never have approved.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.81,0:03:40.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.69,0:03:43.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So to bring on more codevelopers,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.10,0:03:45.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what we did was we created\Na social media site
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.02,0:03:47.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on which we published the designs,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.99,0:03:49.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we explained how they worked,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.01,0:03:52.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we even went so far
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.41,0:03:55.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as to point out everything\Nthat was wrong with these systems.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.68,0:03:58.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then we invited people\Nall over the world
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.07,0:04:00.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to build them and experiment with us.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.36,0:04:03.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So actually now on this website,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.55,0:04:06.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have 18,000 people.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.27,0:04:09.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we have window farms\Nall over the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.44,0:04:14.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we're doing\Nis what NASA or a large corporation
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.24,0:04:17.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would call R&D,\Nor research and development.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.75,0:04:20.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what we call it is R&D-I-Y,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.69,0:04:23.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or "research and develop it yourself."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.35,0:04:24.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.85,0:04:27.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, for example, Jackson came along
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.43,0:04:30.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and suggested that we use air pumps\Ninstead of water pumps.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.60,0:04:33.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It took building a whole bunch\Nof systems to get it right,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.34,0:04:37.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but once we did, we were able to cut\Nour carbon footprint nearly in half.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.87,0:04:40.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tony in Chicago has been taking on\Ngrowing experiments,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.88,0:04:42.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like lots of other window farmers,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.56,0:04:45.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he's been able to get\Nhis strawberries to fruit
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.55,0:04:48.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for nine months of the year\Nin low-light conditions
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.33,0:04:51.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by simply changing out\Nthe organic nutrients.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.28,0:04:56.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And window farmers in Finland\Nhave been customizing their window farms
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.68,0:04:59.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the dark days of the Finnish winters
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.04,0:05:01.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by outfitting them with LED grow lights
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.14,0:05:04.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they're now making\Nopen source and part of the project.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.46,0:05:06.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So window farms have been evolving
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.85,0:05:10.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through a rapid versioning process\Nsimilar to software.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.64,0:05:13.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And with every open source project,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.33,0:05:15.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the real benefit is the interplay
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.07,0:05:19.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between the specific concerns\Nof people customizing their systems
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.53,0:05:21.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for their own particular concerns,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.38,0:05:23.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the universal concerns.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.45,0:05:25.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So my core team and I
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.41,0:05:27.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are able to concentrate\Non the improvements
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.98,0:05:30.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that really benefit everyone.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.25,0:05:33.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we're able to look out\Nfor the needs of newcomers.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.49,0:05:35.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So for do-it-yourselfers,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.24,0:05:39.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we provide free,\Nvery well-tested instructions
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.39,0:05:41.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that anyone, anywhere around the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.50,0:05:43.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can build one of these systems for free.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.67,0:05:46.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there's a patent pending\Non these systems as well
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.42,0:05:48.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's held by the community.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.21,0:05:50.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And to fund the project,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.14,0:05:52.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we partner to create products
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.46,0:05:55.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we then sell\Nto schools and to individuals
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.36,0:05:57.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who don't have time\Nto build their own systems.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.74,0:06:02.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now within our community,\Na certain culture has appeared.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.22,0:06:04.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In our culture,\Nit is better to be a tester
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.96,0:06:07.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who supports someone else's idea
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.26,0:06:09.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than it is to be just the idea guy.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.45,0:06:14.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we get out of this project\Nis support for our own work,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.60,0:06:18.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as well as an experience\Nof actually contributing
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.55,0:06:20.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the environmental movement
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.70,0:06:23.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a way other than just\Nscrewing in new light bulbs.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.16,0:06:26.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I think that Eleen expresses best
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.83,0:06:28.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what we really get out of this,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.33,0:06:31.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is the actual joy of collaboration.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.69,0:06:33.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So she expresses here what it's like
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.00,0:06:36.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to see someone halfway across the world
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.50,0:06:38.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,having taken your idea, built upon it
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.83,0:06:40.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then acknowledging\Nyou for contributing.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.54,0:06:45.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we really want to see\Nthe kind of wide consumer behavior change
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.47,0:06:49.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we're all talking about\Nas environmentalists and food people,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.15,0:06:51.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe we just need\Nto ditch the term "consumer"
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.56,0:06:54.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and get behind the people\Nwho are doing stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.38,0:06:58.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Open source projects\Ntend to have a momentum of their own.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.58,0:07:00.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what we're seeing is that R&D-I-Y
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.64,0:07:04.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has moved beyond\Njust window farms and LEDs
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.44,0:07:07.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into solar panels and aquaponic systems.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.63,0:07:12.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we're building upon innovations\Nof generations who went before us.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.58,0:07:14.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we're looking ahead at generations
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.41,0:07:17.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who really need us\Nto retool our lives now.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.42,0:07:20.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we ask that you join us
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.20,0:07:24.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in rediscovering the value\Nof citizens united,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.55,0:07:28.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to declare\Nthat we are all still pioneers.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.27,0:07:32.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)