[Script Info] Title: [Events] Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I, like many of you, Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.00,0:00:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,am one of the two billion people on Earth Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.00,0:00:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who live in cities. Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.00,0:00:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there are days -- I don't know about the rest of you guys -- Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.00,0:00:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there are days when I palpably feel Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.00,0:00:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how much I rely on other people Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.00,0:00:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for pretty much everything in my life. Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.00,0:00:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And some days, that can even be a little scary. Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.00,0:00:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what I'm here to talk to you about today Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.00,0:00:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is how that same interdependence Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.00,0:00:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is actually an extremely powerful social infrastructure Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.00,0:00:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we can actually harness Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.00,0:00:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help heal some of our deepest civic issues, Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.00,0:00:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we apply open source collaboration. Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.00,0:00:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A couple of years ago, Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.00,0:00:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I read an article by New York Times writer Michael Pollan Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.00,0:00:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which he argued that growing even some of our own food Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.00,0:00:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is one of the best things Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.00,0:00:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we can do for the environment. Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.00,0:00:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now at the time that I was reading this, Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.00,0:01:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was the middle of the winter Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.00,0:01:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I definitely did not have room for a lot of dirt Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.00,0:01:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in my New York City apartment. Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.00,0:01:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I was basically just willing to settle Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.00,0:01:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for just reading the next Wired magazine Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.00,0:01:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and finding out how the experts were going to figure out Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.00,0:01:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how to solve all these problems for us in the future. Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.00,0:01:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that was actually exactly the point Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.00,0:01:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that Michael Pollan was making in this article -- Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.00,0:01:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was it's precisely when we hand over Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.00,0:01:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the responsibility for all these things to specialists Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.00,0:01:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we cause the kind of messes Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.00,0:01:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we see with the food system. Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.00,0:01:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I happen to know a little bit from my own work Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.00,0:01:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about how NASA has been using hydroponics Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.00,0:01:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to explore growing food in space. Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.00,0:01:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you can actually get optimal nutritional yield Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.00,0:01:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by running a kind of high-quality liquid soil Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.00,0:01:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over plants' root systems. Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.00,0:01:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now to a vegetable plant, Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.00,0:01:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my apartment has got to be Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.00,0:01:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about as foreign as outer space. Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.00,0:02:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I can offer some natural light Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.00,0:02:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and year-round climate control. Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.00,0:02:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fast-forward two years later: Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.00,0:02:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we now have window farms, Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.00,0:02:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are vertical, hydroponic platforms Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.00,0:02:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for food-growing indoors. Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.00,0:02:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the way it works is that there's a pump at the bottom, Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.00,0:02:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which periodically sends some of this liquid nutrient solution up to the top, Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.00,0:02:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which then trickles down through plants' root systems Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.00,0:02:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are suspended in clay pellets -- Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.00,0:02:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so there's no dirt involved. Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.00,0:02:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now light and temperature vary Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.00,0:02:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with each window's microclimate, Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.00,0:02:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so a window farm Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.00,0:02:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,requires a farmer, Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.00,0:02:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she must decide Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.00,0:02:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what kind of crops she is going to put in her window farm, Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.00,0:02:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and whether she is going to feed her food organically. Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.00,0:02:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Back at the time, a window farm was no more Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.00,0:02:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than a technically complex idea Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.00,0:02:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was going to require a lot of testing. Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.00,0:02:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I really wanted it to be an open project, Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.00,0:02:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because hydroponics Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.00,0:02:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is one of the fastest growing areas of patenting Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.00,0:03:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the United States right now Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.00,0:03:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and could possibly become Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.00,0:03:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,another area like Monsanto, Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.00,0:03:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we have a lot of corporate intellectual property Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.00,0:03:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the way of people's food. Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.00,0:03:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I decided that, instead of creating a product, Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.00,0:03:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what I was going to do Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.00,0:03:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was open this up to a whole bunch of co-developers. Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.00,0:03:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first few systems that we created, they kind of worked. Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.00,0:03:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were actually able to grow about a salad a week Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.00,0:03:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a typical New York City apartment window. Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.00,0:03:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we were able to grow cherry tomatoes and Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.00,0:03:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cucumbers, all kinds of stuff. Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.00,0:03:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the first few systems Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.00,0:03:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were these leaky, loud power-guzzlers Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.00,0:03:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that Martha Stewart would definitely never have approved. Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.00,0:03:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.00,0:03:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So to bring on more co-developers, Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.00,0:03:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what we did was we created a social media site Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.00,0:03:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on which we published the designs, Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.00,0:03:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we explained how they worked, Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.00,0:03:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we even went so far Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.00,0:03:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as to point out everything that was wrong with these systems. Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.00,0:03:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then we invited people all over the world Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.00,0:04:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to build them and experiment with us. Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.00,0:04:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So actually now on this website, Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.00,0:04:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have 18,000 people. Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.00,0:04:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we have window farms Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.00,0:04:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all over the world. Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.00,0:04:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we're doing Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.00,0:04:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is what NASA or a large corporation Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.00,0:04:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would call R&D, or research and development. Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.00,0:04:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what we call it is R&D-I-Y, Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.00,0:04:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or research and develop it yourself. Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.00,0:04:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So for example, Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.00,0:04:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jackson came along and suggested Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.00,0:04:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we use air pumps instead of water pumps. Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.00,0:04:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It took building a whole bunch of systems to get it right, Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.00,0:04:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but once we did, we were able Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.00,0:04:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to cut our carbon footprint nearly in half. Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.00,0:04:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tony in Chicago has been taking on growing experiments, Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.00,0:04:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like lots of other window farmers, Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.00,0:04:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he's been able to get his strawberries to fruit Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.00,0:04:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for nine months of the year in low-light conditions Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.00,0:04:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by simply changing out the organic nutrients. Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.00,0:04:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And window farmers in Finland Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.00,0:04:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have been customizing their window farms Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.00,0:04:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the dark days of the Finnish winters Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.00,0:05:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by outfitting them with LED grow lights Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.00,0:05:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they're now making open source and part of the project. Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.00,0:05:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So window farms have been evolving Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.00,0:05:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through a rapid versioning process Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.00,0:05:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,similar to software. Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.00,0:05:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And with every open source project, Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.00,0:05:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the real benefit is the interplay Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.00,0:05:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between the specific concerns Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.00,0:05:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of people customizing their systems Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.00,0:05:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for their own particular concerns Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.00,0:05:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the universal concerns. Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.00,0:05:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So my core team and I Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.00,0:05:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are able to concentrate on the improvements Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.00,0:05:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that really benefit everyone. Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.00,0:05:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we're able to look out for the needs of newcomers. Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.00,0:05:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So for do-it-yourselfers, Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.00,0:05:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we provide free, very well-tested instructions Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.00,0:05:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that anyone, anywhere around the world, Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.00,0:05:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can build one of these systems for free. Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.00,0:05:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there's a patent pending on these systems as well Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.00,0:05:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's held by the community. Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.00,0:05:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And to fund the project, Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.00,0:05:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we partner to create products Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.00,0:05:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we then sell to schools and to individuals Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.00,0:05:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who don't have time to build their own systems. Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.00,0:06:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now within our community, Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.00,0:06:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a certain culture has appeared. Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.00,0:06:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In our culture, it is better to be a tester Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.00,0:06:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who supports someone else's idea Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.00,0:06:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than it is to be just the idea guy. Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.00,0:06:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we get out of this project Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.00,0:06:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is we get support for our own work, Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.00,0:06:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as well as an experience of actually contributing Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.00,0:06:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the environmental movement Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.00,0:06:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a way other than just screwing in new light bulbs. Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.00,0:06:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I think that Eileen expresses best Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.00,0:06:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what we really get out of this, Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.00,0:06:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is the actual joy of collaboration. Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.00,0:06:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So she expresses here what it's like Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.00,0:06:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to see someone halfway across the world Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.00,0:06:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,having taken your idea, built upon it Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.00,0:06:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then acknowledging you for contributing. Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.00,0:06:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we really want to see the kind of wide consumer behavior change Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.00,0:06:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we're all talking about Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.00,0:06:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as environmentalists and food people, Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.00,0:06:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe we just need to ditch the term "consumer" Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.00,0:06:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and get behind the people who are doing stuff. Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.00,0:06:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Open source projects tend to have a momentum of their own. Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.00,0:07:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what we're seeing is that R&D-I-Y Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.00,0:07:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has moved beyond just window farms and LEDs Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.00,0:07:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into solar panels and aquaponic systems. Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.00,0:07:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we're building upon innovations Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.00,0:07:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of generations who went before us. Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.00,0:07:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we're looking ahead at generations Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.00,0:07:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who really need us to retool our lives now. Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.00,0:07:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we ask that you join us Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.00,0:07:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in rediscovering the value Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.00,0:07:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of citizens united, Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.00,0:07:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to declare Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.00,0:07:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we are all still pioneers. Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.00,0:07:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)