[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:03.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are thousands of airports\Nconnecting cities across countries
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.09,0:00:08.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and continents. Yet, with just 3 letters, \Nfrom 'AAC' and 'BBI' to 'YYZ' and 'ZZU',
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.66,0:00:10.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both me and you and our bags
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.54,0:00:14.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,route around the world\Nas unambiguously as practically possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.01,0:00:15.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Airport Codes!
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.15,0:00:18.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you fly, you know them as part of\Nthe planning on your tickets,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.26,0:00:22.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trackers, and tags, and even as part of \Nthe port itself as big big branding.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.08,0:00:25.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's impossible not to wonder, bored on a\Nlong haul with only in-flight
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.96,0:00:28.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,entertainment, about potential patterns\Npeaking through,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.58,0:00:31.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like all of the Canadian "Y" airports.\NWhy Canada?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.93,0:00:35.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, why everyone? How do all of these\Ncodes code?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.10,0:00:39.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, neighbor, to find the answer, we\Nneed to divert this flight to 'YUL',
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.88,0:00:42.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Canadian city that's capitol of codes,\NMontreal,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.70,0:00:46.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where is headquartered IATA, the\NInternational Air Transport Association.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.62,0:00:52.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not a governmental organization,\Nmore an independent aviation agency
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.18,0:00:55.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for airlines, where they work to make \Nairports and airplanes increasingly
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.72,0:00:59.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,interoperable using humanity's\Nmost exciting and powerful, yet
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.02,0:01:01.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,oft-maligned as dull tool, Standards!
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.54,0:01:06.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of which is the IATA Airport Code -\Nthree letters to identify every airport
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.12,0:01:09.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the world, from the most connected\Nto the least.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.43,0:01:13.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All are coded so companies can communicate\Nclearly and concisely complicated
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.80,0:01:16.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,connections to carry their customers and\Ntheir bags.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.58,0:01:20.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, actually, the code IATA created isn't\Nonly for airports, rather, technically
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.82,0:01:24.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's a location code for all kinds of\Ntransportation interchanges,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.96,0:01:27.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like plane stations that connect to train\Nstations such as
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.77,0:01:31.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Amsterdam Schiphol, which is just so\Nintermodally epic!
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.42,0:01:35.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, let's try not to get distracted by\Nefficient infrastructure (easier said
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.12,0:01:37.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than done). Here's how the IATA code\Nis supposed to work.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.79,0:01:42.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One airport, One code, which is unique\Nbecause airport names are not.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.71,0:01:47.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Booking passage to Portland? Cool, that\Ncould be Oregon or Maine or Victoria.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.32,0:01:48.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Australia.)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.30,0:01:52.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ambiguity is the enemy. International\Nflying creates communication connections
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.36,0:01:56.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between every language on Earth. So, the\NIATA code helps when you don't speak
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.49,0:01:59.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Greenlandic or Odia but still need to\Nbook a flight to
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.19,0:02:03.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Kangerlussuaq" via\N"Bhubaneswar"
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.23,0:02:05.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(I'm so sorry Greenland and India.)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.04,0:02:09.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead of mangling pronunciation, it's\Njust "SFJ via BBI." Much clearer! Not just
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.49,0:02:12.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for you, but also for the ground crew\Ngetting the bags through.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.80,0:02:16.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ideally, the IATA code comes from the\Nfirst three letters of the location, like
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.81,0:02:21.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with Gibraltar where Gibraltar Airport\Nis given "GIB." GIB, Gibraltar.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.34,0:02:24.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, going to Cork, it'll be "COR" -\NCOR, Ireland.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.70,0:02:28.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oh, that didn't work.\NSeems Cordoba, Argentina built their
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.36,0:02:32.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,airport first and got "COR" ahead of Cork\Nso, uh, "ORK" for Cork!
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.35,0:02:36.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tough noogies, Ork, Germany, that's an\Nadorable town name you've got there, but
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.13,0:02:39.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're going to need to pick something\Nelse for your code. Thus, a single code
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.90,0:02:43.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,collision kicks off a consistency cascade\Nas airports compete for clearer codes.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.78,0:02:47.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, if your local airport has an\Nodd 3 letters, there's probably a rival
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.48,0:02:51.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,port that picked previously. This is one \Nof the major things IATA does - coordinate
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.72,0:02:55.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everyone's code preferences, which means\Ndealing with not just individual airports,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.93,0:02:59.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but all of the aviation agencies in\Ndifferent countries, some with their own
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.94,0:03:04.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,desires for inter-country code\Nconsistency, such as Canada, who clearly
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.43,0:03:08.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,claimed all of the 'Y's. Thus, picking a\N'Y' one at random, at least you know
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.14,0:03:10.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,roughly where you're going to go.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.72,0:03:14.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oops! No! That didn't work!\NYKM brought us to Washington, USA,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.40,0:03:18.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and since we're here, we might as well\Ntalk about the FAA. In America, the
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.77,0:03:21.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Federal Aviation Administration,\Ndaughter of the Department
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.64,0:03:25.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Transportation, is given the job of \Nassigning all American airports an
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.40,0:03:30.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,American airport code. Yes, the FAA \Nactually has her own set of three letter
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.90,0:03:34.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,codes, but we're not going to talk about\Nit because it means in America
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.33,0:03:37.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's "One airport, Two codes," and, \Nfor simplicity, I'm sticking to this
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.96,0:03:43.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,story, "One airport, One code," \Nright? Right. Now, FAA has letters
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.14,0:03:46.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she really rather American airports \Nnoooooooot.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.76,0:03:51.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Please, no: N, Q, W, K, Z, or Y.\N'N' is reserved for the Navy for,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.98,0:03:55.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"OMG, is it for aircraft carriers?"\NNo, they use an unrelated and additional
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.79,0:03:59.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,system that we're also not going to talk\Nabout. The Navy 'N' is given to Navy bases
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.91,0:04:03.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with airports. So, American airports like\NNashville that seem like they should start
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.95,0:04:07.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the letter "N" were encouraged to\Npick something else, like 'B',
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.47,0:04:11.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for B-nashville. There is also 'A' for the\NArmy and the Air Force, although not
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.92,0:04:14.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all of the 'A's, so there's a bunch of 'A'\Nairports like
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.54,0:04:17.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Albuquerque, Aberdeen, Anchorage,\NAmarillo, and Augusta.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.29,0:04:20.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Next, 'Q' FAA wants avoided because of\N(checks notes)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.70,0:04:24.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Morse code? Wow, really?\NThere's a set of three letter
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.99,0:04:29.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,international Morse code that begin with\N'Q' for 'quicky communications' that are
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.43,0:04:35.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,still used, I guess? So because of 1800s\Ntelegraph slang, American airports
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.36,0:04:40.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shouldn't start with the letter 'Q'.\NNext, 'K' and 'W' the FAA advises against
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.06,0:04:43.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because FCC, the Federal Communications\NCommission, daughter of no one, she's an
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.90,0:04:48.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,independent agency, assigns 'K' and 'W'\Nfor US civilian broadcast stations, so
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.62,0:04:52.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that thing on the radio they say,\N"KMAD Action News!" or
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.51,0:04:58.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"WDUL Public Airwaves," yea, they all\Nstart with a 'K' or a 'W' which is
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.25,0:05:04.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually location information. 'K's are\Nin the west and 'W's in the east, except
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.26,0:05:08.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the middle where it's both?\NFCC, why did you do it this way?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.30,0:05:12.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, since you coded those codes first,\NFAA discourages airports from starting
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.83,0:05:17.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with those letters. Even though broadcast\Ncodes are 4 letters, not 3, and they're,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.64,0:05:21.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know, radio stations, not airports,\Nand definitely not weather stations.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.96,0:05:25.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Of course they're not weather stations."\N"Why would you even say that?"
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.37,0:05:28.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No reason. It won't come up later.\NDon't worry. Moving on.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.08,0:05:31.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,'Z' is reserved for air route traffic\Ncontrol centers themselves, and
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.39,0:05:33.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why no 'Y'? Because Canada, of course!
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.34,0:05:36.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, I understand that's not an\Nexplanation. We'll get to it later.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.58,0:05:40.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's America's preferences for airport\Ncodes, but other countries exist, and
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.62,0:05:44.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their aviation agencies don't care at all\Nwhich letters the United States avoids,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.71,0:05:48.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so while 'B-nashville' was building her\Nbig big branding,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.11,0:05:51.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nassau grabbed the 'N' to get 'NAS'\Nfor the Bahamian capitol.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.30,0:05:55.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's no shortage of airport codes that\Nstart outside the US with America's
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.24,0:06:00.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reluctant letters, and also, because\NFAA's precedents aren't laws, you can
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.10,0:06:04.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,find American exceptions like\N'KEK', 'WAH', 'YAK', 'QWG', and 'ZZV.'
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.18,0:06:07.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Boy, that was fun to say! Let's end the\Nvideo with more of that, shall we?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.81,0:06:11.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that 'NEW' must particularly burn\NNewark, New Jersey, who had to go with
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.74,0:06:15.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,'Ewark, Ew Jersey' instead. Right,\Nfinishing this thought, every country
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.46,0:06:19.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and their agencies has their own wacky\Npreferences for letters and wants to
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.05,0:06:23.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ignore every other country's preferences,\Nand IATA's job is to coordinate
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.10,0:06:28.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between them. The result of which is:\NIATA airport codes have no satisfying
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.16,0:06:33.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,system at all, which is so sad for a \Nstandard, and the story of
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.56,0:06:38.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"One airport, One code" also falls\Napart even within IATA because of
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.34,0:06:42.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,megacodes for megacities.\NExample: London, which has 6
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.34,0:06:45.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,international airports - Heathrow,\NGatwick, City, Luton, Stansted, Southend.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.93,0:06:49.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,'LHR', 'LGW', 'LCY', 'LTN'.\N"Oh, they all start with L?"
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.40,0:06:54.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No, 'STN' and 'SEN', but there's a\Nmegacode for them all - 'LON',
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.58,0:06:58.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which you can use while searching for \Nflights landing in London but don't care
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.68,0:07:03.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where, even though these airports are\Nages apart. LON is the international city
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.58,0:07:07.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mega-est megacode, but there's also\NMoscow 'MOW' and Stockholm 'STO' with
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.91,0:07:12.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,4 airports each, and more with 2 or 3,\Nlike 'NYC' and 'BUE.'
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.17,0:07:15.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then, code-wise, is the most\Nexceptional airport:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.52,0:07:19.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg, an\Nairport so nice they coded it thrice.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.80,0:07:24.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,'MLH', 'BSL', 'EAP.' How this happened is\NFrance and Switzerland both wanted an
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.33,0:07:27.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,airport here-ish near the German border\Nand teamed up.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.69,0:07:31.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,France provided the land, Switzerland the\Ncapital, Germany has nothing to do with
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.49,0:07:34.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this, and the pair co-built the port,\Nconstructing duplicate and separate
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.93,0:07:39.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everythings. So it was, effectively, 2\Nairports run by 2 countries with
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.33,0:07:43.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,2 runways and 2 sets of rules, and thus\Nneeded 2 airport codes, depending on
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.86,0:07:47.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which side passengers could connect\Nthrough and one megacode if it
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.100,0:07:51.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,didn't matter. But, all of this doesn't\Nmega-matter now because the two airports
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.75,0:07:56.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mostly act as one anyway. Thus, one\Nairport, three codes. And there are plans
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.57,0:08:00.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to run a railway through for epic\Ninter-modalness, so it could become
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.10,0:08:03.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one airport, four codes, or five codes.\NI mean, why not at this point?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.99,0:08:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So yea, an airport isn't uniquely\Nidentified by one code and there's no
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.00,0:08:13.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,location information coded in this\Nlocation code, not even a
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.63,0:08:17.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,checksum letter? What is this, a social\Nsecurity number? Without a checksum,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.60,0:08:22.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you're planning a flight to 'CGP'\Nin Bangladesh but typo the incorrect
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.22,0:08:27.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,'CPG', you'll end up in Argentina instead.\NAgain. But, at least the chance of a
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.43,0:08:31.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,switcheroo like that must be pretty small.\NAfter all, a 3 letter code means
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.92,0:08:37.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,17,000 permutations - way more than the\Nactual number of airports, which is only
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.66,0:08:45.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,40,000 airports worldwide?! How can that\Npossibly be true? Well, it's time to
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.18,0:08:50.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,introduce you to ICAO, the International\NCivil Aviation Organization, daughter of
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.05,0:08:54.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the United Nations, who also lives in\NMontreal with IATA. And, it might seem
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.35,0:08:58.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like they're the same, but IATA actually\Nonly covers what we might call the
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.20,0:09:01.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,standard commercial airports you'd find\Nsearching for flights normally.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.94,0:09:06.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While ICAO covers what she calls\N"aerodromes," which is everything from
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.06,0:09:09.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the world's busiest passenger airport in\Nthe always unlikely seeming
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.95,0:09:14.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Atlanta, Georgia, down to rarely used\Nrunways on ranches in Texas, of which
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.10,0:09:18.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are an absolutely absurd number.\NSo with all those aerodromes to account
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.86,0:09:22.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for, ICAO uses 4 letters, which gives,\Nwow, a lot more options
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.69,0:09:27.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(thanks exponentials), and she also uses\Nthe extra space to add location
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.19,0:09:32.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,information. Finally! In ICAO system,\Nthe first letter of an airport code is
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.01,0:09:36.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,roughly where on Earth it is. 'P' is for\Nairports in the Pacific, one letter to
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.49,0:09:40.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cover flying over the most terrifyingly\Nempty half of the Earth (try not to think
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.30,0:09:44.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about it as you look down into the endless\Nabyss) before arriving at South America,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.21,0:09:49.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,'S'. Then 'M' for Middle America, and 'K'\Nfor 'Kontinental America'?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.91,0:09:55.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,'C', sensibly, is Canadian America, and\Nflying over the pole we get to 'U' for
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.26,0:09:59.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,'Used to be USSR.' Yes, that's actually\Nthe name. Look, what makes standards
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.56,0:10:03.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,standards is their stubbornness.\NJust because a gigantic country collapsed
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.36,0:10:07.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is no reason to change what millions of\Nflight computers know in their code and
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.52,0:10:11.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pilots in their brains. After ICAO's first\Nletter there is also a bunch of second
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.64,0:10:15.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sub-letters, well except for America and\NCanada, who skip that, but don't worry.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.61,0:10:18.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Moving on, as an example, if your airport\Nstarts with a 'F',
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.63,0:10:23.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's in 'Southern aFrica,' and if the next\Nletter is 'A,' that's South Africa, and
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.53,0:10:27.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the last 2 letters are for the airport,\Nso Cape Town gets CT for a 'FACT'.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.90,0:10:32.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, there are some exceptions like\NAntarctica, the continent no one owns but
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.28,0:10:36.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all of the cool kids want to claim.\NAerodromes here are supposed to use the
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.08,0:10:40.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,code for the country's claim they're in,\Nsuch as Williams Field, which is American
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.20,0:10:45.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,run but uses 'NZWD' because it's in the\NKiwi claim. But, also lots of
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.22,0:10:49.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Antarctic aerodromes use pseudo codes\N(no we're not going to talk about what
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.07,0:10:53.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that means) which start with 'AT' and end\Nwith a number, like 27 for Troll Airfield
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.52,0:10:58.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,serving Troll Research Station which runs\Non Troll Time. Norway, is that you? I knew
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.50,0:11:03.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was, but you really should be using\N'EN' for 'Europe, Norway' and 'TR' is
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.46,0:11:08.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,free. 'ENTR Trolls', it's so perfect! And\Nyes, the 27 means there are at least
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.05,0:11:11.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,26 other runways in Antarctica (I was\Nsurprised too) but this, along with all
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.100,0:11:15.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the ranches, is how you get to crazy\Nnumbers of aerodromes. And yes, ICAO
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.72,0:11:20.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has more exceptions to this system that\Nwe're going to skip, but I can't resist
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.46,0:11:26.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just one more which is Region J. Looking\Nat the map, you won't be able to find it
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.20,0:11:32.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because 'J' is Mars. When the rover\Narrived at Jezero Crater, ICAO gave the
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.16,0:11:35.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,historic landing location the code 'JZRO'.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.88,0:11:39.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, but that's it for exceptions. So,\Nto sum up, the story of one airport,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.84,0:11:44.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one code, was just that - a story.\NTons of airports have at least 2, and
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.12,0:11:48.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they do, the ICAO code is what\Ncomputers and pilots know to plan where
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.66,0:11:53.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the plane needs to go, and IATA is what\Npassengers say to get on their way, but if
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.27,0:11:58.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ICAO exists with a more comprehensive\Ncode, why is IATA at all?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.47,0:12:02.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So IATA isn't about you, it's about\Nyour bags.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.88,0:12:07.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At an airport, you, as a human, walk to\Nyour connecting flight, but your bags
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.42,0:12:12.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,below need a lot of logistical assistance.\NBefore IATA, there was just like a
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.36,0:12:17.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,handwritten tag saying, "Please get me\Nwhere my owner is going," written in
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.43,0:12:22.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,potentially every language on Earth, so\Nyou can't imagine how often that went
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.48,0:12:27.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wrong. So, IATA used codes to make life\Nbetter for bags with bag tags with big
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.84,0:12:31.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,clear codes to get those bags cleanly\Nthrough connections across countries
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.92,0:12:36.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and companies. And, the original plan\Nwas that train stations with IATA codes
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.08,0:12:39.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would also let you check in your bag\Nthere, and it would be part of the
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.78,0:12:44.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,automatic connection too, but that mostly\Ndoesn't happen now because of logistical
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.08,0:12:49.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,difficulties, which is the same reason\Nthat the IATA code is a club that excludes
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.49,0:12:54.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all of the little aerodromes too annoying\Nto attend to. So, if your bag's final
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.15,0:12:58.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,destination after connecting at Austin is\None of the many random ranch airstrips,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.20,0:13:03.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ground crew is not going to swap your\Nbags onto the tiny crop duster for you.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.23,0:13:07.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ditto if you're connecting through\NArgentina to Antarctica anywhere. Those
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.76,0:13:12.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tiny airports? No IATA code for you, and\Nwithout an IATA code, your bag depends
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.91,0:13:18.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on you to get it all the way through. And,\Nthat's what IATA is actually for. That
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.38,0:13:24.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,big big branding you see is for your bags,\Nand because of the tag, it became what
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.02,0:13:28.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,customers know, which brings us back to\Nthe start. And, oh sorry Canada, I know
Dialogue: 0,0:13:28.70,0:13:33.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've been avoiding answering the whys, but\Nit's just so much more complicated than
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.41,0:13:37.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,expected. There's a tale that the 'Y's\Nare an old system for if Canadian airports
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.82,0:13:41.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had a weather station. 'Y' for 'Yes,\Nweather station' and
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.20,0:13:45.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,'W', 'without.' And, since pilots want to\Nknow the weather, that explains all the
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.94,0:13:52.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,'Y's but also the few oddball Canadian\N'W's. But, investigating the truth of that
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.16,0:13:58.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,story took 8 months of my life which I\Nwill now give to you as an extremely
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.34,0:14:02.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,compressed executive summary.\NWorking backwards, the American and
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.46,0:14:07.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Canadian IATA codes created in the 1950s\Ncome from the last 3 letters of ICAO codes
Dialogue: 0,0:14:07.28,0:14:12.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,created in the 1940s. The first letter of \NICAO codes come from the ITU, the
Dialogue: 0,0:14:12.59,0:14:17.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,International Telecommunication Union's\Ncodes created in the 1910s for radio
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.58,0:14:23.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stations, which used 'K' for America and\N'CY' for Canada. So, 'K' and 'CY' into
Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.46,0:14:28.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,4 letters and back down to 3 leaves\N'Y' for Canada. Here is where you
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.35,0:14:33.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reasonably ask, "Why CY for Canada?"\Nbut that goes all the way back to
Dialogue: 0,0:14:33.26,0:14:38.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,telegraphs and beyond, so is a story for\Nanother time.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:38.21,0:14:43.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, for now, for this video, why 'Y' for\NCanada? Because of radio callsigns
Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.77,0:14:47.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(because of a lot of other things),\Nbecause of US and Canada coordinating
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.54,0:14:53.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that for flights within North America, it\Nreally would be 'Y' for 'Yes Canada'
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.10,0:14:53.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(mostly)
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.82,0:14:57.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, that was a lot of bureaucratic\Nhistory, so let's finish with the final
Dialogue: 0,0:14:57.66,0:15:00.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fun IATA codes promised from before.\NStarting with Sioux City with the
Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.95,0:15:04.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sensible looking 'SUX' until you say it\Nout loud, but to her credit, totally owns
Dialogue: 0,0:15:04.87,0:15:08.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that branding for airport merch. Good for\Nyou, Sioux! And there's also
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.50,0:15:12.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Beaches International Airport, summer\Nbreak central, their top 2 picks for codes
Dialogue: 0,0:15:12.34,0:15:16.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were picked, so to help the confused \Ncollegiates find their connections, the
Dialogue: 0,0:15:16.78,0:15:22.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,agencies agreed on 'ECP' to stand for\N'Everyone Can Party' which is awesome
Dialogue: 0,0:15:22.33,0:15:26.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,branding, but you'd never know because\Nbeaches doesn't bother.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:26.30,0:15:28.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Geez 'ECP', you can a learn a thing or two\Nfrom Sioux.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:28.87,0:15:32.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But now everyone can party on this 'round\Nthe world flight of IATA codes
Dialogue: 0,0:15:32.34,0:15:34.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,entertaining to say out loud. Ready?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:34.68,0:15:36.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,'FAB', 'BOO', 'EEK', 'COW', 'WOW',
Dialogue: 0,0:15:36.30,0:15:37.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,'POO', 'GAG', 'BRO', 'BUT',
Dialogue: 0,0:15:37.59,0:15:39.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,'GOT', 'HOT', 'PIE', 'YUM', 'UMM',
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.23,0:15:40.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,'MOM', 'DAD', 'MAD', 'RUN', 'FUN',
Dialogue: 0,0:15:40.87,0:15:42.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,'IOU', 'FAQ', 'OMG', 'LOL'.