[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.52,0:00:04.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How many of us have ever seen something,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.32,0:00:06.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thought that we should report it,\Nbut decided not to?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.12,0:00:11.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And not that I need\Nto see a show of hands,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.16,0:00:14.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I'm sure this has happened\Nto someone in this room before.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.24,0:00:17.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, when this question\Nwas asked to a group of employees,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.44,0:00:20.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,46 percent of them responded\Nby saying that they had seen something
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.96,0:00:22.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and decided not to report it.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.60,0:00:25.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if you raised your hand,\Nor quietly raised your hand,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.76,0:00:28.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't feel bad, you're not alone.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.08,0:00:31.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This message of if you see something\Nto say something
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.48,0:00:33.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is really all around us.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.28,0:00:36.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even when driving down the highway,\Nyou see billboards like this,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.00,0:00:40.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,encouraging us to report crime\Nwithout revealing ourselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.48,0:00:43.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I still feel like a lot of us\Nare really uncomfortable
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.24,0:00:45.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,coming forward in the name of the truth.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.44,0:00:48.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm an accounting professor,\Nand I do fraud research.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.04,0:00:52.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in my class, I encourage my students\Nto come forward with information
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.24,0:00:53.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if they see it.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.48,0:00:57.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or in other words, encouraging\Nmy students to become whistle-blowers.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.24,0:01:00.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if I'm being completely\Nhonest with myself,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.32,0:01:03.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am really conflicted with this message\Nthat I'm sending to my students.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.96,0:01:05.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here's why.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.00,0:01:08.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whistle-blowers are under attack.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.56,0:01:12.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Headline after headline shows us this.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.96,0:01:16.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many people choose\Nnot to become whistle-blowers
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.36,0:01:18.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,due to the fear of retaliation.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.64,0:01:22.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From demotions to death threats,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.36,0:01:24.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to job loss --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.28,0:01:26.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,perpetual job loss.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.16,0:01:29.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Choosing to become a whistle-blower\Nis an uphill battle.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.56,0:01:31.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their loyalty becomes into question.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.00,0:01:35.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their motives, their trustworthiness.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.24,0:01:38.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how can I, as a professor\Nwho really cares about her students
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.00,0:01:41.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,encourage them to become whistle-blowers,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.12,0:01:43.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I know how the world\Ntruly feels about them?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.72,0:01:47.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, one day I was getting ready\Nfor my annual whistle-blower lecture
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.96,0:01:49.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with my students.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.20,0:01:51.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I was working\Non an article for "Forbes,"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.36,0:01:53.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,entitled "Wells Fargo\Nand Millennial Whistle-blowing.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.88,0:01:55.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What Do We Tell Them?"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.12,0:01:58.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as I was working on this piece\Nand reading about the case,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.20,0:01:59.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I became outraged.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.60,0:02:03.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what made me angry\Nwas when I came to the fact and realized
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.76,0:02:06.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the employees\Nthat tried to whistle-blow
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.44,0:02:08.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were actually fired.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.16,0:02:09.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it really made me think
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.52,0:02:12.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the message\Nthat I was sharing with my students.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.28,0:02:17.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it made me think: What if my students\Nhad been Wells Fargo employees?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.12,0:02:21.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the one hand, if they whistle-blew,\Nthey would have gotten fired.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.28,0:02:22.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But on the other hand,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.64,0:02:25.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if they didn't report\Nthe frauds that they knew,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.36,0:02:27.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the way current regulation is written,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.72,0:02:30.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,employees are held responsible
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.32,0:02:32.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if they knew something\Nand didn't report it.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.64,0:02:35.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So criminal prosecution is a real option.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.64,0:02:38.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's a person supposed to do\Nwith those type of odds?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.84,0:02:42.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I of all people know\Nthe valuable contributions
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.80,0:02:44.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that whistle-blowers make.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.36,0:02:47.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, most frauds\Nare discovered by them.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.92,0:02:50.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Forty two percent of frauds\Nare discovered by a whistle-blower
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.88,0:02:52.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in comparison to other methods,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.76,0:02:55.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like measurement review\Nand external audit.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.36,0:02:57.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when you think\Nabout some of the more classic
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.72,0:02:59.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or historical fraud cases,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.36,0:03:02.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it always is around a whistle-blower.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.12,0:03:04.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think Watergate --\Ndiscovered by a whistle-blower.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.88,0:03:07.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think Enron -- discovered\Nby a whistle-blower.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.80,0:03:12.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And who can forget about Bernard Madoff,\Ndiscovered by a whistle-blower?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.40,0:03:16.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It takes a tremendous amount of courage\Nto come forward in the name of the truth.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.88,0:03:19.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when we think\Nabout the term whistle-blower,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.60,0:03:23.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we often think of some\Nvery descriptive words:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.28,0:03:24.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rat,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.36,0:03:26.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,snake,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.20,0:03:28.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,traitor,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.84,0:03:31.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tattletale, weasel.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.24,0:03:34.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And those are the nice words,\Nthe ones I can say from the stage.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.84,0:03:36.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so when I'm not in class,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.28,0:03:39.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I go around the country\Nand I interview white-collar felons,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.20,0:03:41.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whistle-blowers and victims of fraud.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.24,0:03:44.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because really I'm trying to understand\Nwhat makes them tick
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.20,0:03:46.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to bring those experiences\Nback into the classroom.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.68,0:03:51.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's my interviews with\Nwhistle-blowers that really stick with me.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.56,0:03:52.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they stick with me,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.80,0:03:55.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they make me question\Nmy own courage.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.12,0:03:58.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When given the opportunity,\Nwould I actually speak up?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.00,0:04:01.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, this is a couple stories\Nthat I want to share with you.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.00,0:04:03.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is Mary.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.24,0:04:06.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mary Willingham is the whistle-blower\Nfrom the University of North Carolina
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.96,0:04:10.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at Chapel Hill, academic fraud case.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.16,0:04:13.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Mary was a learning specialist\Nat the university,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.64,0:04:16.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she worked with students,\Nprimarily student athletes.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.68,0:04:19.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what she noticed,\Nwhen she was working with students,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.40,0:04:22.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is they were turning in term papers
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.16,0:04:25.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that seemed well beyond\Ntheir reading levels.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.28,0:04:27.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She started to ask a couple of questions
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.24,0:04:29.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she found out\Nthat there was a database
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.28,0:04:32.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the student athletes\Ncould retrieve papers and turn them in.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.68,0:04:35.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then she found out\Nthat some of her colleagues
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.16,0:04:41.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were funneling students into fake classes,\Njust to keep them eligible to play.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.40,0:04:44.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, when Mary found this out,\Nshe was outraged.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.16,0:04:47.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so what she tried to do\Nwas go to her direct supervisor.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.12,0:04:48.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they didn't do anything.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.00,0:04:52.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then Mary tried to go to some\Ninternal university administrators.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.84,0:04:54.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they didn't do anything.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.48,0:04:56.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, what happens when nobody listens?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.88,0:04:58.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You blog.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.12,0:04:59.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Mary decided to develop a blog.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.00,0:05:02.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Her blog went viral within 24 hours,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.68,0:05:05.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she was contacted by a reporter.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.20,0:05:07.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, when she was contacted\Nby this reporter,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.52,0:05:09.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,her identity was known.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.32,0:05:10.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She was exposed.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.68,0:05:14.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when she was exposed,\Nshe received a demotion,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.52,0:05:17.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,death threats, over collegiate sports.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.28,0:05:22.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mary didn't do anything wrong.\NShe didn't participate in the fraud.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.12,0:05:24.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She really thought\Nthat she was giving voice
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.36,0:05:26.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to students that were voiceless.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.68,0:05:29.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But her loyalty was questioned.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.08,0:05:31.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Her trustworthiness and her motives.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.48,0:05:36.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, whistle-blowing\Ndoesn't always have to end
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.88,0:05:38.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in demotions or death threats.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.60,0:05:42.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Actually, in 2002, this was\Nthe cover of "Time" magazine,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.56,0:05:45.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we were actually honoring\Nthree brave whistle-blowers
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.92,0:05:48.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for their decision to come forward\Nin the name of the truth.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.88,0:05:50.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when you look at the research,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.56,0:05:54.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,22 percent of whistle-blowers\Nactually report retaliation.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.16,0:05:59.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there is a huge population of people\Nthat report and are not retaliated against
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.64,0:06:01.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that gives me hope.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.28,0:06:03.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is Kathe.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.96,0:06:08.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kathe Swanson is a retired city clerk\Nfrom the city of Dixon.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.40,0:06:12.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one day, Kathe was doing her job,\Njust like she always did,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.08,0:06:15.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she stumbled upon\Na pretty interesting case.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.84,0:06:17.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,See, Kathe was at the end of the month,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.72,0:06:20.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she was doing\Nher treasures report for the city,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.52,0:06:24.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and typically, her boss, Rita Crundwell,\Ngave her a list of accounts and said,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.60,0:06:27.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Kathe, call the bank\Nand get these specific accounts."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.60,0:06:29.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Kathe did her job.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.28,0:06:30.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this particular day,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.68,0:06:33.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rita was out of town, and Kathe was busy.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.16,0:06:38.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She picks up the phone, she calls the bank\Nand says, "Fax me all of the accounts."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.36,0:06:41.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when she gets the fax,\Nshe sees that there is an account
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.68,0:06:43.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that has some withdrawals\Nand deposits in it
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.84,0:06:45.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that she did not know about.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.32,0:06:48.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was an account controlled only by Rita.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.64,0:06:52.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Kathe looked at the information,\Nshe reported it to her direct supervisor,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.64,0:06:54.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was then-mayor Burke,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.80,0:06:58.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this led into a huge investigation,\Na six-month investigation.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.20,0:07:04.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Come to find out, Kathe's boss,\NRita Crundwell, was embezzling money.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.24,0:07:09.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rita was embezzling 53 million dollars\Nover a 20-year period,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.48,0:07:11.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Kathe just happened\Nto stumble upon it.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.08,0:07:16.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kathe is a hero.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.04,0:07:17.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And actually, I had the opportunity
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.76,0:07:21.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of interviewing Kathe for my documentary,\N"All the Queen's Horses."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.16,0:07:23.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Kathe wasn't seeking fame.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.52,0:07:26.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, she really didn't want\Nto talk to me for a really long time,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.00,0:07:30.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but through strategic stalking,\Nshe ended up doing the interview.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.12,0:07:31.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.28,0:07:33.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But she was seeking fairness, not fame.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.52,0:07:35.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if it wasn't for Kathe,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.16,0:07:37.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who's to say this fraud\Nwould have ever been discovered?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.12,0:07:41.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, remember that "Forbes" article\NI was talking about,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.76,0:07:43.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I was working on before my lecture?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.69,0:07:47.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, I posted it and something\Nreally fantastic happened.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.28,0:07:51.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I started receiving emails\Nfrom whistle-blowers all over the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.00,0:07:55.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as I was receiving these emails\Nand responding back to them,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.60,0:07:58.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was a common theme\Nin the message that I received,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.28,0:07:59.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is what it was:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.52,0:08:03.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they all said this, "I blew the whistle,\Npeople really hate me now.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.92,0:08:06.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I got fired, but guess what?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.12,0:08:09.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would do it all over again if I could."
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.52,0:08:12.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so as I kept reading this message,\Nall these messages,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.76,0:08:15.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wanted to think,\Nwhat could I share with my students?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.60,0:08:19.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, I pulled it all together\Nand this is what I learned.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.20,0:08:22.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's important for us to cultivate hope.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.32,0:08:24.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whistle-blowers are hopeful.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.28,0:08:25.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Despite popular belief,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.72,0:08:30.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're not all disgruntled employees\Nthat have a beef with the company.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.04,0:08:34.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their hopefulness really is\Nwhat drives them to come forward.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.24,0:08:36.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We also have to cultivate commitment.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.68,0:08:38.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whistle-blowers are committed.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.56,0:08:41.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's that passion\Nto their organization
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.08,0:08:43.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that makes them want to come forward.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.52,0:08:45.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whistle-blowers are humble.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.16,0:08:49.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again, they're not seeking fame,\Nbut they are seeking fairness.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.24,0:08:52.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we need to continue\Nto cultivate bravery.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.12,0:08:53.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whistle-blowers are brave.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.72,0:08:57.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Often, they underestimated
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.44,0:09:00.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the impact whistle-blowing\Nhad on their family,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.08,0:09:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but what they continue to comment on\Nis how hard it is to withhold the truth.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.96,0:09:08.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With that, I want to leave you\Nwith one additional name:
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.80,0:09:10.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Peter Buxtun.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.16,0:09:17.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Peter Buxtun was a 27-year-old\Nemployee for the US Public Health Service.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.36,0:09:21.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he was hired to interview people
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.32,0:09:23.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that had sexually transmitted diseases.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.72,0:09:25.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And through the course of his work,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.80,0:09:29.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he noticed a clinical study\Nthat was going on within the organization.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.76,0:09:33.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it was a study that was looking\Nat the progression of untreated syphilis.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.88,0:09:36.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, there were\N600 African American males
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.68,0:09:37.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were in this study.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.92,0:09:39.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were enticed into the study
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.52,0:09:43.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through being given\Nfree medical exams, burial insurance.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.48,0:09:47.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, what happened\Nthrough the course of this study,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.20,0:09:52.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is penicillin was discovered\Nto help treat syphilis.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.12,0:09:54.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what Peter noticed was,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.08,0:09:58.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the participants in this study\Nwere not given the penicillin
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.04,0:09:59.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to treat their syphilis.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.56,0:10:01.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the participants didn't know.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.40,0:10:06.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So similar to Mary, Peter tried to report\Nand talk to his internal supervisors,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.60,0:10:08.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but no one listened.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.36,0:10:10.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so Peter thought\Nthis was completely unfair
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.80,0:10:12.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he tried to report again,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.40,0:10:16.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and finally talked to a reporter --\Nvery similar to Mary.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.08,0:10:20.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in 1972, this was the front page\Nof the "New York Times":
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.40,0:10:24.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Syphilis Victims in US Study\NWent Untreated for 40 Years."
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.64,0:10:30.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is known to us today\Nas the Tuskegee syphilis experiment.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.08,0:10:32.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Peter was the whistle-blower.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.32,0:10:36.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What happened to the 600 men,\Nyou may wonder, the 600 original men?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.40,0:10:39.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Twenty eight men died from syphilis.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.40,0:10:42.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One hundred died\Nfrom syphilis complications,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.56,0:10:44.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,forty wives were infected
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.44,0:10:47.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and 10 children were born\Nwith congenital syphilis.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.32,0:10:49.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who's to say what these numbers would be
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.68,0:10:53.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if it wasn't for the brave,\Ncourageous act of Peter?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.80,0:10:56.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're all connected to Peter, actually.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.32,0:10:58.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you know anybody\Nthat's in a clinical trial,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.92,0:11:02.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the reason why we have\Ninformed consent today
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.12,0:11:04.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is because of Peter's courageous act.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.40,0:11:06.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let me ask you a question.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.84,0:11:09.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That original question,\Na variation of the original question.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.76,0:11:12.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How many of us have ever used the term
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.88,0:11:15.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,snitch, rat
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.88,0:11:17.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tattletale,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.48,0:11:19.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,snake,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.16,0:11:20.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,weasel,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.68,0:11:21.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leak?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.92,0:11:24.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anybody?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.64,0:11:30.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before you get the urge to do that again,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.72,0:11:32.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want you to think a little bit.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.56,0:11:36.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It might be the Mary,\Nthe Peter, the Kathes of the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.48,0:11:40.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You might be the person\Nthat could shape history,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.44,0:11:42.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or they could be the person\Nthat shapes yours.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.00,0:11:44.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.24,0:11:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)