[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.51,0:00:04.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How many of us have ever seen something,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.31,0:00:07.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thought that we should report it,\Nbut decided not to?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.12,0:00:11.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And not that I need\Nto see a show of hands,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.17,0:00:14.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I'm sure this has happened\Nto someone in this room before.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.23,0:00:17.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, when this question\Nwas asked to a group of employees,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.47,0:00:20.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,46 percent of them responded\Nby saying that they had seen something,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.96,0:00:22.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and decided not to report it.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.59,0:00:25.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if you raised your hand,\Nor quietly raised your hand,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.74,0:00:27.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't feel bad, you're not alone.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.07,0:00:31.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This message of if you see something\Nto say something
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.48,0:00:33.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is really all around us.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.33,0:00:36.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even when driving down the highway,\Nyou see billboards like this,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.01,0:00:40.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,encouraging us to report crime\Nwithout revealing ourselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.52,0:00:43.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I still feel like a lot of us\Nare really uncomfortable
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.28,0:00:45.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,coming forward in the name of the truth.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.43,0:00:48.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm an accounting professor\Nand I do fraud research.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.12,0:00:52.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in my class, I encourage my students\Nto come forward with information
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.23,0:00:53.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if they see it.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.40,0:00:57.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or in other words, encouraging\Nmy students to become whistle-blowers.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.26,0:01:00.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if I'm being completely\Nhonest with myself,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.40,0:01:03.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am really conflicted with this message\Nthat I'm sending to my students.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.97,0:01:05.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here's why.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.96,0:01:08.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whistle-blowers are under attack.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.59,0:01:12.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Headline after headline shows us this.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.97,0:01:16.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many people choose\Nnot to become whistle-blowers
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.38,0:01:18.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,due to the fear of retaliation.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.71,0:01:22.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From demotions to death threats,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.36,0:01:24.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to job loss --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.27,0:01:25.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,perpetual job loss.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.15,0:01:28.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Choosing to become a whistle-blower\Nis an uphill battle.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.55,0:01:31.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their loyalty becomes into question.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.98,0:01:34.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their motives, their trustworthiness.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.26,0:01:38.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how can I, as a professor\Nwho really cares about her students,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.01,0:01:41.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,encourage them to become whistle-blowers,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.10,0:01:44.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I know how the world\Ntruly feels about them?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.70,0:01:47.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, one day I was getting ready\Nfor my annual whistle-blower lecture
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.92,0:01:49.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with my students.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.15,0:01:51.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I was working on an article\Nfor Forbes, entitled
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.72,0:01:53.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Wells Fargo and Millennial\NWhistle-blowing.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.83,0:01:55.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What Do We Tell Them?"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.04,0:01:58.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that I was working on this piece\Nand reading about the case,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.18,0:01:59.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I became outraged.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.61,0:02:03.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what made me angry\Nwas when I came to the fact and realized
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.77,0:02:06.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the employees\Nthat tried to whistle-blow
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.43,0:02:07.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were actually fired.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.16,0:02:09.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it really made me think
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.49,0:02:12.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the message that\NI was sharing with my students.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.26,0:02:16.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it made me think, what if my students\Nhad been Wells Fargo employees?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.13,0:02:21.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the one hand, if they whistle-blew\Nthey would have gotten fired.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.30,0:02:22.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But on the other hand,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.62,0:02:25.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if they didn't report\Nthe frauds that they knew,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.35,0:02:27.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the way current regulation is written,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.71,0:02:30.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,employees are held responsible
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.33,0:02:32.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if they knew something\Nand didn't report it.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.66,0:02:35.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So criminal prosecution is a real option.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.63,0:02:38.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's a person supposed to do\Nwith those type of odds?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.83,0:02:42.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I of all people know\Nthe valuable contributions
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.81,0:02:44.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that whistle-blowers make.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.37,0:02:47.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, most frauds\Nare discovered by them.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.92,0:02:50.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Forty two percent of frauds\Nare discovered by a whistle-blower
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.86,0:02:52.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in comparison to other methods,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.76,0:02:55.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like measurement review\Nand external audit.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.38,0:02:57.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when you think\Nabout some of the more classic
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.70,0:02:59.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or historical fraud cases,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.38,0:03:02.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it always is around a whistle-blower.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.11,0:03:04.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think Watergate -- discovered\Nby a whistle-blower.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.87,0:03:07.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think Enron -- discovered\Nby a whistle-blower.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.78,0:03:11.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And who can forget about Bernard Madoff,\Ndiscovered by a whistle-blower?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.42,0:03:16.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It takes a tremendous amount of courage\Nto come forward in the name of the truth.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.86,0:03:19.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when we think\Nabout the term whistle-blower,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.61,0:03:23.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we often think of some\Nvery descriptive words:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.30,0:03:25.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rat,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.36,0:03:27.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,snake,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.22,0:03:28.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,traitor,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.82,0:03:30.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tattletale, weasel.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.25,0:03:34.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And those are the nice words,\Nthe ones I can say from the stage.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.84,0:03:37.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so when I'm not in class,\NI go around the country
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.37,0:03:39.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I interview white-collar felons,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.21,0:03:41.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whistle-blowers and victims of fraud.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.25,0:03:44.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because really I'm trying to understand\Nwhat makes them tick,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.18,0:03:47.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to bring those experiences\Nback into the classroom.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.69,0:03:51.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's my interviews with\Nwhistle-blowers that really stick with me.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.56,0:03:52.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they stick with me,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.74,0:03:55.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they make me question\Nmy own courage.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.13,0:03:58.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When given the opportunity,\Nwould I actually speak up?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.01,0:04:01.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, this is a couple stories\Nthat I want to share with you.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.99,0:04:03.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is Mary.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.17,0:04:06.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mary Willingham is the whistle-blower\Nfrom the University of North Carolina
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.95,0:04:09.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at Chapel Hill, academic fraud case.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.16,0:04:13.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Mary was a learning specialist\Nat the University,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.63,0:04:16.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she worked with students,\Nprimarily student athletes.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.68,0:04:19.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what she noticed,\Nwhen she was working with students,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.38,0:04:22.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is they were turning in term papers
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.17,0:04:24.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that seemed well beyond\Ntheir reading levels.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.26,0:04:27.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She started to ask a couple of questions,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.25,0:04:29.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she found out\Nthat there was a database
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.29,0:04:32.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the student athletes\Ncould retrieve papers and turn them in.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.70,0:04:35.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then she found out\Nthat some of her colleagues
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.16,0:04:40.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were funneling students into fake classes,\Njust to keep them eligible to play.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.41,0:04:44.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, when Mary found this out,\Nshe was outraged.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.14,0:04:47.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so what she tried to do\Nwas go to her direct supervisor.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.12,0:04:48.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they didn't do anything.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.99,0:04:52.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then Mary tried to go to some\Ninternal University administrators.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.82,0:04:54.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they didn't do anything.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.50,0:04:56.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, what happens when nobody listens?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.86,0:04:58.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You blog.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.07,0:04:59.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Mary decided to develop a blog.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.98,0:05:02.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Her blog went viral within 24 hours,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.69,0:05:05.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she was contacted by a reporter.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.21,0:05:07.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, when she was contacted\Nby this reporter,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.53,0:05:09.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,her identity was known.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.32,0:05:10.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She was exposed.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.70,0:05:14.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when she was exposed,\Nshe received a demotion,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.41,0:05:17.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,death threats, over collegiate sports.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.27,0:05:22.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mary didn't do anything wrong,\Nshe didn't participate in the fraud,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.10,0:05:24.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she really thought\Nthat she was giving voice
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.36,0:05:26.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to students that were voiceless.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.70,0:05:28.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But her loyalty was questioned.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.08,0:05:31.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Her trustworthiness and her motives.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.47,0:05:36.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, whistle-blowing\Ndoesn't always have to end
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.87,0:05:38.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in demotions or death threats.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.60,0:05:42.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Actually, in 2002, this was\Nthe cover of "Time" magazine,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.55,0:05:45.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we were actually honoring\Nthree brave whistle-blowers,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.90,0:05:48.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for their decision to come forward\Nin the name of the truth.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.86,0:05:50.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when you look at the research,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.55,0:05:54.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,22 percent of whistle-blowers\Nactually report retaliation.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.14,0:05:59.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there is a huge population of people\Nthat report and are not retaliated against
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.63,0:06:01.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that gives me hope.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.26,0:06:03.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is Kathe.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.96,0:06:07.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kathe Swanson is a retired city clerk\Nfrom the city of Dixon.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.42,0:06:12.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one day, Kathe was doing her job,\Njust like she always did,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.08,0:06:15.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she stumbled upon\Na pretty interesting case.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.83,0:06:17.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,See, Kathe was at the end of the month,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.73,0:06:20.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she was doing her\Ntreasures report for the city,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.54,0:06:24.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and typically, her boss, Rita Crundwell,\Ngave her a list of accounts and said,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.60,0:06:27.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Kathe, call the bank\Nand get these specific accounts."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.58,0:06:29.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Kathe did her job.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.28,0:06:31.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this particular day,\NRita was out of town
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.93,0:06:33.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Kathe was busy.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.14,0:06:38.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She picks up the phone, she calls the bank\Nand says, "Fax me all of the accounts."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.36,0:06:41.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when she gets the fax,\Nshe sees that there is an account
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.70,0:06:43.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that has some withdrawals\Nand deposits in it,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.82,0:06:45.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that she did not know about.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.33,0:06:48.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was an account controlled only by Rita.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.64,0:06:52.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Kathe looked at the information,\Nshe reported it to her direct supervisor,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.70,0:06:54.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was then-mayor Burke,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.78,0:06:58.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this led into a huge investigation,\Na six-month investigation.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.24,0:07:03.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Come to find out, Kathe's boss,\NRita Crundwell, was embezzling money.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.25,0:07:09.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rita was embezzling 53 million dollars\Nover a 20-year period,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.46,0:07:12.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Kathe just happened\Nto stumble upon it.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.12,0:07:15.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kathe is a hero.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.05,0:07:17.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And actually, I had the opportunity
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.76,0:07:21.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of interviewing Kathe for my documentary,\N"All the Queen's Horses."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.14,0:07:23.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Kathe wasn't seeking fame.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.52,0:07:26.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, she really didn't want\Nto talk to me for a really long time,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.01,0:07:30.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but through strategic stalking,\Nshe ended up doing the interview.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.12,0:07:31.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.29,0:07:33.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But she was seeking fairness, not fame.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.54,0:07:35.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if it wasn't for Kathe,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.15,0:07:38.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who's to say this fraud\Nwould have ever been discovered?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.13,0:07:41.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, remember that Forbes article\NI was talking about,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.74,0:07:43.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I was working on before my lecture?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.70,0:07:46.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, I posted it and something\Nreally fantastic happened.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.29,0:07:51.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I started receiving emails\Nfrom whistle-blowers all over the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.98,0:07:55.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as I was receiving these emails\Nand responding back to them,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.62,0:07:58.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was a common theme\Nin the message that I received,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.30,0:07:59.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is what it was:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.53,0:08:03.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they all said this, "I blew the whistle,\Npeople really hate me now.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.93,0:08:05.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I got fired, but guess what?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.13,0:08:08.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would do it all over again if I could."
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.52,0:08:12.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so as I kept reading this message,\Nall these messages,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.75,0:08:15.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wanted to think, what could I\Nshare with my students?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.60,0:08:18.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, I pooled it all together\Nand this is what I learned.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.20,0:08:21.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's important for us to cultivate hope.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.30,0:08:24.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whistle-blowers are hopeful.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.29,0:08:25.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Despite popular belief,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.71,0:08:29.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're not all disgruntled employees\Nthat have a beef with the company.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.05,0:08:33.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their hopefulness really is\Nwhat drives them to come forward.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.24,0:08:36.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We also have to cultivate commitment.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.67,0:08:38.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whistle-blowers are committed.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.55,0:08:41.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's that passion\Nto their organization
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.08,0:08:43.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that makes them want to come forward.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.51,0:08:45.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whistle-blowers are humble.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.15,0:08:48.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again, they're not seeking fame,\Nbut they are seeking fairness.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.23,0:08:52.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we need to continue\Nto cultivate bravery.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.11,0:08:53.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whistle-blowers are brave.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.74,0:08:57.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Often, they underestimated
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.43,0:09:00.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the impact whistle-blowing\Nhad on their family,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.09,0:09:05.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but what they contain to comment on\Nis how hard it is to withhold the truth.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.98,0:09:08.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With that, I want to leave you\Nwith one additional name:
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.82,0:09:10.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Peter Buxtun.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.17,0:09:16.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Peter Buxtun was a 27-year-old\Nemployee for the US Public Health Service.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.36,0:09:21.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he was hired to interview people
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.32,0:09:23.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that had sexually transmitted diseases.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.72,0:09:27.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And through the course of his work,\Nhe noticed a clinical study
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.27,0:09:29.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was going on within the organization.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.77,0:09:33.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it was a study that was looking\Nat the progression of untreated syphilis.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.87,0:09:36.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, there were\N600 African American males
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.67,0:09:37.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were in this study,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.86,0:09:40.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were enticed into the study\Nthrough being given
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.90,0:09:43.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,free medical exams, burial insurance.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.50,0:09:47.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, what happened\Nthrough the course of this study,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.18,0:09:51.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is penicillin was discovered\Nto help treat syphilis.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.10,0:09:54.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what Peter noticed was,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.07,0:09:58.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the participants in this study\Nwere not given the penicillin
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.05,0:09:59.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to treat their syphilis.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.56,0:10:01.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the participants didn't know.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.39,0:10:06.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So similar to Mary, Peter tried to report\Nand talk to his internal supervisors,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.61,0:10:07.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but no one listened.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.34,0:10:10.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so Peter thought\Nthis was completely unfair,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.80,0:10:12.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he tried to report again,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.42,0:10:15.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and finally talked to a reporter --\Nvery similar to Mary.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.07,0:10:20.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in 1972, this was the front page\Nof The New York Times:
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.40,0:10:24.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Syphilis Victims in US Study\NWent Untreated for 40 Years."
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.62,0:10:30.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is known to us today\Nas the Tuskegee syphilis experiment.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.09,0:10:32.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Peter was the whistle-blower.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.34,0:10:35.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What happened to the 600 men,\Nyou may wonder, the 600 original men?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.40,0:10:38.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Twenty eight men dies from syphilis.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.39,0:10:42.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One hundred died\Nfrom syphilis complications,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.55,0:10:44.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,forty wives were infected
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.44,0:10:47.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and 10 children were born\Nwith congenital syphilis.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.30,0:10:49.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who's to say what these numbers would be
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.67,0:10:53.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if it wasn't for the brave,\Ncourageous act of Peter?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.82,0:10:56.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're all connected to Peter, actually.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.32,0:10:58.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you know anybody\Nthat's in a clinical trial,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.93,0:11:02.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the reason why we have\Ninformed consent today
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.10,0:11:04.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is because of Peter's courageous act.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.40,0:11:06.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let me ask you a question.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.85,0:11:09.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That original question,\Na variation of the original question.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.75,0:11:12.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How many of us have ever used the term
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.87,0:11:15.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,snitch, rat
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.86,0:11:17.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tattletale,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.48,0:11:19.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,snake,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.16,0:11:20.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,weasel,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.66,0:11:21.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leak?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.92,0:11:24.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anybody?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.68,0:11:30.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before you get the urge to do that again,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.74,0:11:32.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want you to think a little bit.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.55,0:11:36.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It might be the Mary,\Nthe Peter, the Kathys of the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.49,0:11:40.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You might be the person\Nthat could shape history,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.42,0:11:42.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or they could be the person\Nthat shapes yours.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.99,0:11:44.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.20,0:11:47.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)