0:00:00.575,0:00:00.639
[applause] Ok, Ok, yea I have to take care of this now

0:00:00.639,0:00:08.226
How are you doing Mr. Marrow, sorry I'm late

0:00:08.226,0:00:10.005
there was a lot going on in the lab. Boy

0:00:10.005,0:00:12.644
Mr. Marrow are you getting enough exercise for

0:00:12.644,0:00:23.969
your muscles? It's like you're all bone. Mr. Marrow? Mr. Marrow? Mr. Marrow? NOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO!

0:00:23.969,0:00:36.302
Bill Nye the Science Guy, Bill Bill Bill Bill Bill Nye the science guy. Science rules!

0:00:36.302,0:00:42.559
Bill Nye the science guy. Ernicia is a property of matter.

0:00:42.559,0:00:51.446
Bill Bill Bill Bill Nye the science guy. T minus 7 seconds

0:00:51.446,0:00:59.099
Bill Nye the science guy. bRought to you by bones without them you wouldn't have a leg to

0:00:59.099,0:01:04.580
stand on. bones and muscles available in fine animals everywhere

0:01:04.580,0:01:07.771
do you realize to work these buttons and open

0:01:07.771,0:01:12.476
this door I need every muscle and bone in my body

0:01:12.476,0:01:14.841
that's because they're all working together

0:01:14.841,0:01:22.181
whether your waving, walking, walking funny

0:01:22.181,0:01:31.055
running, jumping, or flying your muscles and bones work together

0:01:31.055,0:01:34.393
to make you move. see there's a skeleton in

0:01:34.393,0:01:38.226
every one of us. we're all a bunch of bones

0:01:38.226,0:01:41.932
this is our extension arm of science. This

0:01:41.932,0:01:46.203
white pieces are like bones and these thin ropes are like

0:01:46.203,0:01:49.919
muscles. now watch what happens when we make this rope

0:01:49.919,0:01:53.970
this muscle shorter. the arm moves this way

0:01:53.970,0:01:57.186
we make this rope shorter the arm moves that

0:01:57.186,0:02:07.142
way. see hoo, haw hoo haw hoo haw hoo haw hoo haw

0:02:07.142,0:02:11.560
no matter which way pushing or pulling the muscles are getting shorter

0:02:11.560,0:02:16.539
they are contracting. Now we have 200 bones on our body

0:02:16.539,0:02:20.439
most of them are controlled with two sets of muscles

0:02:20.439,0:02:24.753
that's what allows us to move and jump and

0:02:24.753,0:02:30.554
hoo haw. Bones form the framework of our body

0:02:30.554,0:02:36.258
ligaments help hold the bones together muscles move the bones

0:02:36.258,0:02:39.723
tendons anchor the muscles to the bones.

0:02:39.723,0:02:44.875
AHHHCHOO. you have tendons all over your body

0:02:44.875,0:02:47.615
as you can see the tendons in the back of your

0:02:47.615,0:02:50.443
hands. those tendons connect these muscles

0:02:50.443,0:02:56.205
with these bones. Isn't that cool? Oh, I've

0:02:56.205,0:03:02.914
gotta go. Whats the breakfast treat that

0:03:02.914,0:03:06.144
sure to please from your pirital bone to your

0:03:06.144,0:03:13.357
flanges. Bone-os, bone-os. Here's a very

0:03:13.357,0:03:15.886
cool experiment that you can do to prove that

0:03:15.886,0:03:18.338
bones have minerals. Next time you eat

0:03:18.338,0:03:20.719
chicken or turkey save the bones. Take a leg bone

0:03:20.719,0:03:23.411
it's the biggest bone and put it in a bowl of

0:03:23.411,0:03:28.504
vinegar. We're wearing safety goggles becauase

0:03:28.504,0:03:33.892
vinegar is an acid. Leave the bones in for a long

0:03:33.892,0:03:37.388
time after 2 months. The acid dissolves all the

0:03:37.388,0:03:40.640
mineral away from the bone. Without minerals

0:03:40.640,0:03:42.785
the bones get soft and easy to bend. You can

0:03:42.785,0:03:52.602
even tie one in a knot. There. [applause]

0:03:52.602,0:04:01.225
hammering looks simple doesn't it? You just

0:04:01.225,0:04:03.723
move your arm, but watch the hammer needs your

0:04:03.723,0:04:05.679
fingers and they are connected to your wrist

0:04:05.679,0:04:07.472
and that's connect to your lower arm and that's

0:04:07.472,0:04:09.593
connected to your upper arm and that's connected

0:04:09.593,0:04:11.521
to your back and that's connected to your

0:04:11.521,0:04:16.142
leg. Look you even need to move your toes to hammer. To even

0:04:16.142,0:04:18.477
do a simply thing like this you need your whole

0:04:18.477,0:04:22.144
body because your bones and muscles are connected.

0:04:22.144,0:04:33.221
Oh, oh ouch ouch. [ominous music] what is that

0:04:33.221,0:04:41.691
over there what is that thing? Ohhh It's the

0:04:41.691,0:04:46.555
science guy! Scared you huh? See sharks don't have

0:04:46.555,0:04:53.300
any bones they're all cartilage soft and rubbery. You have cartilage too in

0:04:53.300,0:05:01.727
your ribs, your ears, and your nose. See how soft it is and rubbery.

0:05:01.727,0:05:32.373
What? [music]

0:05:32.373,0:05:36.305
Without bones, we couldn't hold ourselves up.

0:05:36.305,0:05:43.891
We'd be floppy, like this pancake. We'd just collapse.

0:05:43.891,0:05:47.979
On the other hand, if we're all stiff rigid bone, like this

0:05:47.979,0:05:51.218
gingerbread guy then we couldn't move at all we need

0:05:51.218,0:05:54.813
muscles and soft movable parts to get around

0:05:54.813,0:06:00.501
muscles move our bones around. That's how it works, whether you're lifting something

0:06:00.501,0:06:05.062
pushing, or jumping up like a spring, ha ha

0:06:05.062,0:06:08.811
muscles and bones help us move around. coming this

0:06:08.811,0:06:15.973
sunday its the muscle pull. smooth striped and caridac

0:06:15.973,0:06:19.942
we've got it all! Muscles, muscles, and more muscles

0:06:19.942,0:06:22.951
extending and contracting and moving like

0:06:22.951,0:06:26.463
you've never seen before! So grab the kids

0:06:26.463,0:06:29.805
grab the dog and grab the neighbors and grab your ace bandage

0:06:29.805,0:06:32.757
and come on down to the anatomy arena!

0:06:32.757,0:06:44.221
muscles move our bodies. without muscles we couldn't ride a bike.

0:06:44.221,0:06:50.009
or play with dogs [Man: Uh, Bill] or do experiments in the lab.

0:06:50.009,0:06:52.973
[Man: Bill] so our muscles help us move

0:06:52.973,0:06:57.016
because they all work together [man: your not fooling anyone Bill.]

0:06:57.016,0:07:00.354
So as i move the muscles in my arm my biceps

0:07:00.354,0:07:05.109
i'm also moving all the other muscles in my body

0:07:05.109,0:07:09.054
because they're all connected

0:07:09.054,0:07:20.802
bones! [man: Bill, uh Bill] Muscles!!

0:07:20.802,0:07:23.357
Those are very fine muscles you have. Of

0:07:23.357,0:07:26.107
course you know these muscles are very important

0:07:26.107,0:07:30.791
they give you the power to move about to do the work in the fields.

0:07:30.791,0:07:33.020
now if we can look inside of you we can see

0:07:33.020,0:07:35.564
the skeleton, the bones of your body. why do you

0:07:35.564,0:07:43.611
have these bones? The best way is to take away the skeleton and see what happens.

0:07:43.611,0:07:49.184
look out! down you go you see you really need that skeleton

0:07:49.184,0:07:51.222
that's the framework that holds your body up.

0:07:51.222,0:07:53.719
Did you know that teeth are the strongest

0:07:53.719,0:07:56.028
bones in the skeleton. There are 3 bones

0:07:56.028,0:08:01.691
in the ear, the hammer, the anvil, the stirrip. There are over 600 separate muscles in the body.

0:08:01.691,0:08:06.448
now you know!! Our bodies are like machines.

0:08:06.448,0:08:09.246
or machines are a lot like our bodies. when

0:08:09.246,0:08:13.388
a mechanism moves they have joints. like this

0:08:13.388,0:08:16.813
door has a hinge. we have hinge joints in

0:08:16.813,0:08:29.907
our fingers and our jaws. Ahhhhhh!

0:08:29.907,0:08:32.451
[skeleton: Hello there Bill] our bones and muscles

0:08:32.451,0:08:35.389
let us move our joints. Please consider the

0:08:35.389,0:08:43.076
following.

0:08:43.076,0:08:46.442
So in our hand, we have hinge joints. Like the

0:08:46.442,0:08:52.084
hinges on a gate. Also in our hands we have a

0:08:52.084,0:08:54.440
special joint called the saddle joint, in our

0:08:54.440,0:08:58.043
thumb. It allows our thumb to go this way

0:08:58.043,0:09:03.753
or this way. 2 directions 1 joint. cool!

0:09:03.753,0:09:08.697
also in our body we'll find ball socket joints

0:09:08.697,0:09:13.499
the kind we see in a tv. Ball and socket joints

0:09:13.499,0:09:17.860
in our body are in our hips. look at our

0:09:17.860,0:09:24.079
hips move in all different ways.

0:09:24.079,0:09:32.520
In our backs, we have swervy joints a whole bunch of them. Our backs slide

0:09:32.520,0:09:35.529
theres in joints in our body that don't move at all.

0:09:35.529,0:09:41.959
fixed joints. There's fixed joints in your skull, but they don't move. all the

0:09:41.959,0:09:44.410
different joints in our body let our bodies move

0:09:44.410,0:09:47.305
all different ways. Thanks for joining me

0:09:47.305,0:10:46.031
I mean joint-ing me on consider the following.

0:10:46.031,0:10:48.759
introducing a collection of music so spine

0:10:48.759,0:10:51.409
tingling it can be brought to you only by

0:10:51.409,0:10:56.779
Deutsch gramabone. Presenting bonely is the night.

0:10:56.779,0:11:04.678
who can forget songs like, Tiba tiba tibula, how i love my tibula.

0:11:04.678,0:11:14.197
my leg bone and me. If I din't have a spine I couldn't stand it. Because I couldn't stand!

0:11:14.197,0:11:17.331
Yo cranium, clavicle, and sternum you've got

0:11:17.331,0:11:22.203
you got over 200 bones why don't you learn them. All these and many many more

0:11:22.203,0:11:26.909
you realize what you're doing, don't you?

0:11:26.909,0:11:29.914
Yea, I'm cracking my knuckles in your face.

0:11:29.914,0:11:32.518
Actually you're pulling your bones apart and letting air

0:11:32.518,0:11:38.611
bubbles between your joints. I am?

0:11:38.611,0:11:41.596
I'm Tim Eng I work for Nike sport research

0:11:41.596,0:11:43.395
lab and we have fun here and try to find

0:11:43.395,0:11:46.424
the science behind the shoes.

0:11:46.424,0:11:48.298
Big part of my job is learning how to distribute

0:11:48.298,0:11:50.766
the pressure beneath the foot to minimize the

0:11:50.766,0:11:55.363
impact and shock up into the bones and muscles

0:11:55.363,0:11:57.361
with the bare foot we can see how much pressure

0:11:57.361,0:11:59.198
is beneath the heel, the ball of the foot and

0:11:59.198,0:12:01.566
the big toe. with a well design shoe we can

0:12:01.566,0:12:03.735
distribute the pressure over the foot so that

0:12:03.735,0:12:05.642
we can absorb some of the shock that goes

0:12:05.642,0:12:09.182
through the bones and muscles of the legs.

0:12:09.182,0:12:10.981
with the shoe we can see the high pressure

0:12:10.981,0:12:13.755
beneath the heel are gone and force of pressure

0:12:13.755,0:12:17.796
is distributed evenly. good shoes fewer

0:12:17.796,0:12:25.111
injuries!

0:12:25.111,0:12:28.658
Bile Nye!!! it's easier to smile than it is

0:12:28.658,0:12:30.672
to frown. That's because you only need

0:12:30.672,0:12:35.352
17 muscles in your face to smile, but it takes

0:12:35.352,0:12:43.700
43 muscles to frown. Ouch! that was my foot!

0:12:43.700,0:12:56.016
You never knoww when you're going to need more energy, less energy to smile! See ya!

0:12:56.016,0:12:59.195
Did you know that...a sparrow has more bones in it's neck

0:12:59.195,0:13:01.943
than a giraffe does. The largest bone ever

0:13:01.943,0:13:05.928
found was the 7 ft long brachiosaurus arm bone.

0:13:05.928,0:13:09.114
Birds have hollow bones, which are light, so they can fly.

0:13:09.114,0:13:11.456
Now you know!! ladies and gentlemen, I

0:13:11.456,0:13:16.530
present the bone. Although bones come in all different shapes and sizes, they

0:13:16.530,0:13:20.200
are basically the same 3 things. On the outside

0:13:20.200,0:13:24.707
is a hard membrane called the periosteum,

0:13:24.707,0:13:30.948
and underneath that is a layer called the compact bone. that's the layer a dog really likes.

0:13:30.948,0:13:34.667
then on the inside the soft cancellous bone

0:13:34.667,0:13:39.090
sometimes called the spongy bone. see dogs

0:13:39.090,0:13:44.199
aren't into sponges, but dogs do like bones

0:13:44.199,0:13:47.934
Bones are apart of you, part of what keeps you

0:13:47.934,0:13:59.380
kicking. and kicking, part of what keeps you

0:13:59.380,0:14:05.845
kicking. Nice job! I got a bone to pick with you. When you're born you have

0:14:05.845,0:14:09.284
about 350 bones. There not all bones,

0:14:09.284,0:14:14.905
there's cartilage, that's what your ear is made of, and your ears.

0:14:14.905,0:14:18.591
anyway cartilage fuses together to make bones

0:14:18.591,0:14:24.431
your skull starts as several different plates and ends up as 1 big bone.

0:14:24.431,0:14:26.807
So by the time your my age you only have

0:14:26.807,0:14:30.019
200 bones. But you started out with 350, isn't

0:14:30.019,0:14:32.375
that wild. hey listen i'm not pulling your

0:14:32.375,0:14:39.641
femur. that's a bone gag. she loves those bones jokes, don't ya.

0:14:39.641,0:14:46.539
oh please. to the bone mobile.

0:14:46.539,0:14:49.402
[Moo] Hey, leave that cow alone. I'm bone

0:14:49.402,0:14:55.033
boy! but i was going to milk it. then you

0:14:55.033,0:15:01.478
know that milk is a strong source of calcium. I'm bone boy!!

0:15:01.478,0:15:04.487
Ahh calcium. [tink tink on glass] Milk is a

0:15:04.487,0:15:08.042
good source of calcium and other minerals

0:15:08.042,0:15:11.240
is what help make your bones so strong.

0:15:11.240,0:15:14.770
here's a t-bone from a t-bone steak and here's

0:15:14.770,0:15:17.924
a piece of aircraft aluminum

0:15:17.924,0:15:20.404
you hold them like this they have the same

0:15:20.404,0:15:23.676
sizes and shape, which one is stronger

0:15:23.676,0:15:26.077
take a look, we've mounted them both on this

0:15:26.077,0:15:31.023
t-stand of science. t-bone, t-stand, haha let's

0:15:31.023,0:15:33.692
put some heavy weights on them. this would

0:15:33.692,0:15:39.133
be a couple of liters of heavy soft drink.

0:15:39.133,0:15:42.793
they both bend down about the same amount.

0:15:42.793,0:15:45.336
that's not all there is to having bones

0:15:45.336,0:15:50.942
you playing soccer and get hit in the ribs in the t-bone

0:15:50.942,0:15:53.141
watch, we'll simulate getting hit in the bone

0:15:53.141,0:15:58.485
with this pair of plyers, t-bone pretty strong

0:15:58.485,0:16:05.341
aircraft aluminum not so strong. see it a

0:16:05.341,0:16:11.021
good thing you're made of bone.

0:16:11.021,0:16:15.072
a real good thing. milk a strong source of

0:16:15.072,0:16:30.118
calcium. I'm bone boy.

0:16:30.118,0:16:32.274
wrestling has a lot of do with balance and

0:16:32.274,0:16:35.980
strength, speed, agility and moving joints the

0:16:35.980,0:16:57.638
wrong way. It's a lot of fun!

0:16:57.638,0:17:05.739
Now what? By doing this bending the knee joint the opposite way

0:17:05.739,0:17:08.051
Elbows bent like this by putting more pressure

0:17:08.051,0:17:10.490
on it the joint, it'll pull away from the

0:17:10.490,0:17:14.852
shoulder and causes him to have pain.

0:17:14.852,0:17:24.596
wrestling is painful, but it's fun!

0:17:24.596,0:17:28.053
I win!

0:17:28.053,0:17:30.509
Your back bone isn't 1 single bone, it's

0:17:30.509,0:17:34.685
actually 33 small bones stacked on top of each

0:17:34.685,0:17:37.982
other. small bones are called vertebra

0:17:37.982,0:17:40.178
and they're hollow they protect your spinal

0:17:40.178,0:17:42.484
cord the bundle of nerves that run down

0:17:42.484,0:17:45.300
your back. Now the spinal column supports

0:17:45.300,0:17:49.827
your whole body. a bunch of gliding joints

0:17:49.827,0:17:53.310
they glide on each other because each vertebra

0:17:53.310,0:17:57.609
separated by a soft squishy disk called cartilage.

0:17:57.609,0:18:00.364
the same stuff you have in your nose.

0:18:00.364,0:18:04.270
so your spinal column has a whole bunch of gliding joints. that's what makes you flexible.

0:18:04.270,0:18:10.375
you can i have 33 vertebra a big snake like thi

0:18:10.375,0:18:12.779
has over 400. thats why snakes are so

0:18:12.779,0:18:15.582
flexible. you know Mr. Python that's a great

0:18:15.582,0:18:19.654
looking backbone. A great looking set of back bones.

0:18:19.654,0:18:20.528
it's really nice. Mr. Python, Mr. Phython, Mr. Pyyyython.

0:18:20.528,0:18:40.580
They came from the spindarosa bone-anza!

0:18:40.580,0:18:46.187
So little Joe I aint what you call fat am I?

0:18:46.187,0:18:54.204
I'm just big boned, right? Yea, big boned, that's what you are.

0:18:54.204,0:18:56.565
actually there really no such thing as big

0:18:56.565,0:19:02.709
boned. most humans have the same bones in the same size.

0:19:02.709,0:19:07.974
so my bones they are about the same size as his. buy guys like Hass

0:19:07.974,0:19:13.175
you know how sensitive they can be. Yup, big

0:19:13.175,0:19:19.272
boned that what I am. Yea, big boned

0:19:19.272,0:19:22.252
Did you know that...muscle makes up 85% OF YOUR

0:19:22.252,0:19:24.993
body weight. a human skeleton starts out as

0:19:24.993,0:19:27.122
cartilage that hardens into bones over your

0:19:27.122,0:19:53.787
entire lifetime. Bones is stronger inch to inch than skyscrappers. Now you know!

0:19:53.787,0:19:58.830
our bones move in different ways because they're all connected by joints.

0:19:58.830,0:20:30.963
they all work together so we can do things like this.

0:20:30.963,0:20:34.740
Got bones in my body, or else i'd be like

0:20:34.740,0:20:40.350
jelly. they help me stand up staight so i can

0:20:40.350,0:20:47.609
perform ballet. yea, i got bones in my body

0:20:47.609,0:20:51.692
working with my muscles too. they let me do my

0:20:51.692,0:21:03.207
ballet and how about you. like a true burn brake i think bones bones are great, they

0:21:03.207,0:21:16.734
work with muscles too they're in me and you! bones in my body!

0:21:16.734,0:21:31.414
bones in my body! thanks for muscling in to

0:21:31.414,0:21:36.305
see this show. it sent chills up my spine. if you

0:21:36.305,0:21:42.868
excuse me I need to bone up for the next

0:21:42.868,0:21:45.008
show. produced in association with the national

0:21:45.008,0:21:53.566
science foundation. what? it's the fin isn't it.

0:21:53.566,0:21:57.116
your bones are connected to your muscles and

0:21:57.116,0:22:02.678
the 2 of them working together will allow you to ride your bike up this hill.

0:22:02.678,0:22:06.864
see the stiff bones are connected to the soft

0:22:06.864,0:22:12.652
muscles. Race ya! Fools, they laughed at

0:22:12.652,0:22:18.156
me. i use bones and muscles to answer the

0:22:18.156,0:22:32.310
phone, small world huh? Alien boy, love ya. that was my mom