WEBVTT

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Standard Shader jest bardzo realistycznym i wszechstronnym shaderem.

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Ten prosty, oparty na fizyce shader

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może zostać wykorzystany do stworzenia olbrzymiej ilości

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materiałów. Często się zdaża

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że jedynie ten shader wystarczy

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do stworzenia wszystkich materiałów w danym projekcie.

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Ten shader jest używany do dmyślnych materiałów.

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więc każdy kształt renderowany z

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domyślnym materiałem będzie wykorzystywał standard shader.

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Wszystkie nowo utworzone materiały

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także będą używały standard shader

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Aby zmienić shader używany przez materiał

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wybierz menu shaderów w materiale

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Zaznacz standard, aby używać standard shader

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Warto zauważyć, że unity

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posiada shadery dla obu

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popularnych podejśc do opartego na fizyce renderowania

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domyślnie metaliczny(metalic)

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i lustrzany(specular)

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Aby wybrać standard shader

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korzystający z podejścia lustrzanego(specular)

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wybierz Standard (Specular Setup).

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W przeciwnym razie zaznacz Standard

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dla podejścia metalicznego(metalic)

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Ważne, aby zrozumieć, że

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podejście metaliczne do opartego na fizyce renderowania

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nie jest jedynie dla materiałów

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mających wyglądać metalicznie.

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To podejście jest zwane metalicznym

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ponieważ polega na

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ustalaniu jak bardzo metaliczna, bądź niemetaliczna

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jest dana powierzchnia.

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Jest to przeciwstawne do podejścia "specular"

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w którym wybieramy jak bardzo lustrzana,

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lub nielustrzana jest dana powierzchnia.

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Oba podejścia są poprawne
37
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dla materiałów opartych na fizyce.

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Ten oparty na fizyce materiał

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wciąż jest standardowym materiałem Unity

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i jest skojarzony

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ze standardowym systemem renderowania.

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Standard shader składa się z trzech części:

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Rendering Mode(sposób renderowania)

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Main Maps(Mapy podstawowe)

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and Secondary Maps(mapy drugorzędne)

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W standard shader możemy wybrać spośród trzech sposobów renderowania:

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Opaque, Cutout, Fade and Transparent.

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Większość materiałów jest nieprzeźroczystych, czyli "opaque"

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"Opaque" jest domyślnym sposobem renderowania.

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Dla materiałów przezroczystych, takich jak szkło

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wybierz tryb "Transparent"

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W przezroczystym trybie renderowania

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kanał alpha głównej tekstury

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jest używany do kontroli przezroczystości danego materiału

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W trybie renderowania "cutout"

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kanał alpha głównej tekstury

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jest używany do wycięcia niektórych części tejże tekstury

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Jeśli kanał alpha głównej tekstury zawiera zróżnicowane wartości

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suwak o nazwie "alpha cutoff" może zostać użyty

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do dostosowania wielkości wyciętego obszaru

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do dostosowania wielkości wyciętego obszaru

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Tryb renderowania o nazwie "Fade" jest bardzo podobny

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do trybu "Transparent"

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"Fade" służy do całkowitego wymazywania

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obiektów na ekranie.

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W trybie renderowania "transparent"

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przezroczysty materiał zachowa swoją zdolność

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odbijania części światła, niezależnie wartości kanału alpha.

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"Fade" natomiast wymaże wszystkie

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odpowiednie aspekty materiału,

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więc w tym przypadku przy ustawieniu alpha na 0, obiekt będzie całkowicie niewidzialny.

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Część z mapami głównymi "main maps" określa wygląd materiału.

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Zanim przyjrzymy się z bliska każdej zmiennej,

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jest kilka tematów, które warto poruszyć wcześniej

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Optymalizacja

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shader "Standard" jest świetnie zoptymalizowany.

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Kiedy shader się kompiluje

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wykonują się dwie ważne rzeczy:

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Wszystkie nieużywane zmienne są pomijane, oraz

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sprawdzana jest docelowa platforma

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i shader zostaje zoptymalizowany dla danego urządzenia

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Z tego powodu nie ma potrzeby wypełniać każdej

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zmiennej wartością lub teksturą

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i nie ma obawy, że niepotrzebnie zostaną zużyte

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zasoby sprzętowe do nieużywanych właściwości.

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Cieniowanie oparte na fizyce.

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Cieniowanie oparte na fizyce stara się zastosować

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pewne fizyczne aspekty powierzchni materiału

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włączając jego kolor światła rozproszonego,

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odbicie lustrzane i inne właściwości,

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więc materiał zachowuje się poprawnie

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i wiarygodnie we wszystkich warunkach oświetleniowych.

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The response of the scene lighting to the material

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created with a physically based shader

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mimics light in the real physical world.

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This means that even though there is

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full control over the values on

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all of the properties in the standard shader

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there are certain ranges of values that

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work best for certain types of materials.

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This is particularly true of the metallic and specular values

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depending up which approach is being used

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Taking specular colour for example,

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when analysing real-world materials

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most materials have a specular range

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that is a very dark grey.

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Metals created with a specular workflow are one of the few exceptions,

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they have very bright specular values.

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As well, no material, even the most dull,

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has no specularity at all.

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This means to have a physically based

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material behave correctly

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some attention needs to be paid in using

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the correct physical values for some key properties,

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especially the specular or metallic properties

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depending upon the approach being used.

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For more information on physical-based shading,

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material charts and sample materials

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please see the information linked below.

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There is no need to panic however.

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Items with materials from previous versions of Unity

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will work well out of the box.

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Upgrading from a legacy diffuse shader

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to the standard shader should display little or no difference.

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In the main map section each of these properties

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control one aspect of the final material.

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Each property can be defined by a texture map.

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With the metallic approach,

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for the albido, metallic and emission properties

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the texture is optional.

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The albido and emission properties

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can simply use a colour value instead of a texture.

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The colour value is not available on

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the emission property until the emissive

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scale is larger than 0.

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The metallic property can use a slider

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instead of a texture.

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The albido property uses a

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combination of an optional texture.

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And a colour value to define the base look of the material.

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The colour value will tint the texture.

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Where pure white leaves the main texture unaffected,

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if there is no texture being used

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the tint colour will be the base colour for the material

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The metallic property can be defined

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by either a texture

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or a value from 0 to 1

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set by the slider.

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This defines the metalness of the material surface.

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Metalness works very closely with smoothness.

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The smoothness property is used to

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control the smoothness,

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or micro-surface detail, of the material.

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It is also a value between 0 and 1.

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The less smooth the surface is,

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the more diffuse the reflections will be.

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The more smooth, the sharper the reflections.

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The metallic property can use a texture

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to define the material's metalness.

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This texture can be a simple shade of grey

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used to define the metalness from black,

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or non-metallic,

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to white, completely metallic.

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However, the advantage of using a texture

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to define the metalness of a material

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is to vary the metalness value

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across the surface of the material.

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An additional advantage is this texture's alpha channel.

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This alpha channel can be used to define

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a smoothness map.

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Many materials are far more complex

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than a single uniform surface.

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Take this leather case for example.

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With a single value for metalness and a

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single value for smoothness

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the case looks good.

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But it could look better.

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Use a metalness and smoothness map

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to describe the properties.

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And it looks much better.

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Note how the straps are far more glossy

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than the main body of the case.

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Giving them a feel of polished leather.

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It is worth noting that when using a texture

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to define the metalness

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the smoothness value must also be

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defined by that texture's alpha channel.

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It is also worth noting that the metalness

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value is stored only in the red

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channel of the metalness map's RGB values.

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The green and blue channels are ignored.

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It is often easier however to visualise

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the metalness values of a texture

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if all three colour channels share the same map,

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so the texture appears as a greyscale image.

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When using the standard shader with the specular setup

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the metallic property is replaced with

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the specular property.

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The specular approach also uses

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a smoothness property, which behaves essentially

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in the same way as with the metalness approach.

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The specualar property can either be a texture

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or a colour value

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and defines the specular reflectivity

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of the material's surface.

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The specular value can have some colour in it

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but looking at real world values

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with the exception of some metals

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this is usually a grey and often very dark.

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Specular maps are usually a dark grey as well.

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When a specular texture map is not being used

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the overall surface smoothness can be

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set with the slider.

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This is easier to see when the albido

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texture is removed.

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The ball looks like polished porcelain.

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For a more true mirror, the specular from dark grey,

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which makes the ball look like porcelain

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in to the range of metals and it will now

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reflect the sky and surroundings.

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The smoother the surface, the more it is mirror-like.

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The rougher the surface the more diffuse,

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or scattered the reflections are.

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The normal map property is an optional property

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used to define the apparent bumpiness of the surface.

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When a normal map is applied

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the strength of the normal map can be controlled

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by adjusting the normal map value.

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As well as positive numbers, this value

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can be a negative number

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or 0.

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The height map property is an optional

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property used to define the apparent

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height of the surface.

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When a height map is applied

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the strength of the height map can be controlled

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by adjusting the height map value.

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The occlusion property uses a

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texture map to define the amount of

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ambient occlusion that is applied to the material.

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This is used to help darken

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hidden or recessed areas on the texture.

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The ambient occlusion map also

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prevents specular and reflections in

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these occluded areas, given the material

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a more realistic look.

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The emission property controls whether or not

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the material's surface will emit light.

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The material's emission value can contribute

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to the scene's global illumination.

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The strength of the emission can be controlled

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by the emission value.

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The shape of the emission can be controlled with an emission map.

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The map can be a simple black and white map.

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bBut this texture can also be a colour map.

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When there is a value for emission

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the contribution of the emissive light

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can be assigned to either the baked light maps

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or to the real time light maps.

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The detail mask property is an optional mask element

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to control the secondary maps.

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Tiling and offset control the position of the map.

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The secondary maps are used to define

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additional surface detail.

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This additional detail, sometimes referred to as micro detail,

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is added on top of the surface defined

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by the main maps.

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This helps to add extra detail and

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variation to a material, which is overlaid

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on top of the main maps defining that material.

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Because detail maps can be tiled across meshes

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they can add incredibly high levels of surface detail.