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I think we have enough copies for everyone.

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We only have it in English.

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So we shall try to have it in French,

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German,

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and so on later on.

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And there may be friends 
who would like to help translate.

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Three kinds of approach to the problem of ethics.

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And the first one is

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the standpoint of religion,

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theistic traditions.

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The second is the so-called scientific approach.

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And the third one is the

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Buddhist approach.

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First is the theistic traditions,

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Judaism and Christianity.

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Judaism and Christianity teach that 
the world was created by a loving,

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all-powerful God

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to provide a home for us.

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We in turn were created in 
his image to be his children.

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Thus the world is not 
devoid of meaning and purpose.

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It is instead the arena in which 
God's plans and purposes are realized.

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What could be more natural than to think that 
morality is a part of a just view of the world?

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Whereas the artistic world has no place for values.

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In the major theistic traditions, including Judaism,

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Christianity, and Islam,

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God is conceived as a lawgiver who has 
let down rules that we are to obey.

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He does not compel us to obey them.

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But we were created as free agents,

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so we may choose to accept 
or to reject his commandments.

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But if we are to live as we should,

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we must follow God's law.

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This conception has been elaborated by some theologians 
into a theory about the nature of right and wrong,

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known as the divine command theory.

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Essentially,

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this theory says that morally right 
is a matter of being commanded by God.

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And morally wrong is a matter 
of being forbidden by God.

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That is the theistic approach.

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And then we have Bertrand Russell's 
scientific approach.

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This was written in 1902,

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more than 100 years ago,

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in his book A Free Man's Worship.

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That man is the product of causes which had 
no prevision of the end they were achieving.

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That his origin,

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his growth, his hopes and fears,

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his loves and his beliefs are but the outcome 
of accidental collocations of atoms.

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That no fire,

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no heroism,

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no intensity of thought and feeling 
can preserve an individual life beyond the grave.

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That all the labors of all the ages,

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all the devotion,

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all the inspiration,

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all the noonday brightness of human genius

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are destined to extinction in 
the vast depth of the solar system.

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And that the whole temple of man's 
achievement must inevitably be buried

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beneath the debris of a universe in ruins.

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All these things,

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if not quite beyond dispute,

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are yet so nearly certain

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that no philosophy which 
rejects them can hope to stand.

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Only within the scaffolding of this truth,

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only on the firm foundation 
of the unyielding despair,

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can the soul habitation 
henceforth be safely built.

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Very strong.

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So,

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according to him,

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coincidence

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and

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annihilation of man

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after his appearance

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is the opposite with the religious view.

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Because in the religious view the soul is

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immortal,

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immortal,

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permanent.

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So,

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one is the view of

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of permanence,

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immortality.

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And the other is the view of annihilation.

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The opposite views.

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And one

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is the view of

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there's a

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purpose,

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a plan,

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a project.

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And the other

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view is that just pure coincidence,

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the collocation of atoms,

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we are the product of

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coincidence.

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So it's

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opposite views.

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And there is another 
scientific view that is more recent.

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The universe is some

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15 billion years old.

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That is the time elapsed since the Big Bang.

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And the earth itself was formed 
about 4.6 billion years ago.

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The evolution of life 
on the planet was a slow process,

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guided largely by natural selection.

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The evolution of life,

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the first humans appeared quite recently.

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The extinction of great 
dinosaurs 65 million years ago

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left ecological room for 
the evolution of the few little mammals

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that were about.

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And after 63 or 64 million more years,

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one line of that evolution finally produced us.

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In geological time,

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we,

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man,

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arrived only yesterday.

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But no sooner did our ancestors arrive,

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then they began to think of themselves 
as the most important things in all creation.

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Some of them even imagined that the whole 
universe had been made for their benefit.

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Thus, when they began to develop 
theories of right and wrong,

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they held that the protection of their own interests 
had a kind of ultimate and objective value.

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The rest of creation,

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the reason was intended for their use.

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We know now better.

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We now know better.

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We now know that we exist by

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evolutionary accident.

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As one species among many

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on a small and insignificant world

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in one little corner of the cosmos.

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The details of this picture are revised each year

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as more is discovered,

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but the main outline seems well established.

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So the idea of coincidence still remains

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in the so-called scientific world.

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I think there are a few scientists who do not agree.

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with that

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coincidence.

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And finally, we have the 
Buddhist approach in just a few lines.

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And this is what we

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these few lines we use during the winter

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the last winter retreat.

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Both subject and object of perception

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manifest from consciousness

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according to the principle of inter-being.

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Man is present in all things 
and all things are present in man.

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On the phenomenal level

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there seem to be birth,

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death, being and non-being.

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But ontologically these notions 
cannot be applied to reality.

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The dynamic consciousness 
is called karma energy.

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Everything evolves according 
to the principle of interdependence,

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but there is free will

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and the possibility to transform.

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There is probability.

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The one affects the all 
and all affects the one.

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Interbeing also means 
impermanence, non-self, emptiness,

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karma and countless world systems.

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Right view allows right action

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leading to the reduction of suffering 
and the increase of happiness.

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Happiness and suffering inter-are.

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The ultimate reality transcends 
notions of good and evil,

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right and wrong.

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So it's only

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seven or eight lines.

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Good morning,

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dear Sangha.

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Today is Sunday,

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June the 7th, the year 2009.

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And we are in the Assembly of Stars Meditation Hall,

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Lower Hamlet during our 21-day retreat.

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Yesterday we began with

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right view.

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We have heard that right view

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is the absence of all views.

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As far as you are still caught in one view,

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you don't have right view.

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And it is possible for us to

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reveal all kinds of views

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and to transcend all of them.

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And

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the noble

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path consists of right view and

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then right

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thinking.

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Right thinking

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has

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the connotation of right intention in it.

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When you think,

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you express also somehow your intention.

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And then we have right speech,

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right action.

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Right action means right physical action,

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bodily action.

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Because thinking is a kind of action already.

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Speaking is also a kind of action.

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So right action here means 
right physical bodily action.

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Right...

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Please help me.

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Livelihood.

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Diligence.

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Diligence.

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And then right mindfulness.

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And then right

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concentration.

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And right view.

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1, 2, 3, 4,

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5, 6, 7, 8.

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Complete.

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We know that the

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thinking,

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the speaking,

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and the acting is

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what we

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perform every day,

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every moment of our daily life.

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The value of our life depends 
on the value of our thinking,

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of our

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speech and our

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action.

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And

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in Buddhism

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this is called triple action.

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Triple action.

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Because thinking

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is the first kind of action.

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Because thinking can affect the world.

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If you think wrongly,

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the world will be destroyed.

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The world will suffer and you will suffer.

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So that is why you have 
to practice right thinking.

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And when you produce a thought 
in the line of right thinking,

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a thought that has no discrimination,

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a thought that goes along with

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non-discrimination,

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that goes along with interbeing,

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understanding, forgiveness,

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compassion,

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that thought will have

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an effect right away on yourself,

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on your health,

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and

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on your mind,

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and on the world.

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And this is true.

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Producing right thinking can heal yourself,

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your body,

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and your mind.

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And if you think in the wrong way,

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that destroys your body,

246
00:20:18,330 --> 00:20:19,270
that destroys your mind.

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So it's very important to learn 
how to produce a thought of compassion,

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a thought of

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forgiveness,

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a thought of understanding,

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a thought of (non)discrimination.

252
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And that is right thinking.

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Right thinking can heal you and heal the world.

254
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And good practitioners are capable of producing

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right thoughts

256
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at every moment.

257
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And because we have right view,

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that is why it's so easy,

259
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it's so natural that our thinking will be right.

260
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And right view does not have discrimination.

261
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Right view is

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the

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00:21:06,870 --> 00:21:09,030
insight of non-duality,

264
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interbeing,

265
00:21:11,430 --> 00:21:12,110
non-discrimination.

266
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And that is why

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thinking

268
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can change the world.

269
00:21:27,980 --> 00:21:29,580
We have to learn

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00:21:30,540 --> 00:21:31,560
the art of

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right thinking.

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Speaking also can change the world.

273
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If

274
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we are capable of saying something,

275
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of writing something,

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in the line of compassion, understanding,

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non-discrimination,

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all-embracing,

279
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we feel wonderful in our body, in our mind.

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00:21:58,950 --> 00:22:00,390
And that kind of

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00:22:01,630 --> 00:22:04,590
right speech will have a healing effect.

282
00:22:05,270 --> 00:22:07,850
After you have been able to say something kind,

283
00:22:08,570 --> 00:22:09,190
forgiving,

284
00:22:09,630 --> 00:22:10,130
compassionate,

285
00:22:10,830 --> 00:22:12,050
you feel much better.

286
00:22:14,210 --> 00:22:17,670
When you write such a letter 
full of compassion and forgiveness,

287
00:22:18,370 --> 00:22:19,710
you are feeling very well

288
00:22:20,330 --> 00:22:21,330
within yourself,

289
00:22:21,750 --> 00:22:24,130
although the other person has not read it.

290
00:22:25,350 --> 00:22:27,010
You have not posted the letter,

291
00:22:27,510 --> 00:22:29,030
you have not sent the email,

292
00:22:29,410 --> 00:22:30,790
but you feel liberated,

293
00:22:31,010 --> 00:22:32,450
you feel wonderful already.

294
00:22:33,130 --> 00:22:35,190
So right speech also can heal,

295
00:22:36,450 --> 00:22:37,810
can liberate.

296
00:22:39,730 --> 00:22:42,570
And healing yourself, liberate yourself,

297
00:22:43,050 --> 00:22:46,670
and help to heal other people in the world.

298
00:22:47,550 --> 00:22:49,550
That is the second form of action.

299
00:22:50,490 --> 00:22:53,510
And the third form of action is a bodily

300
00:22:54,270 --> 00:22:54,950
action.

301
00:22:56,290 --> 00:23:00,270
If you are able to do something in the line of

302
00:23:01,230 --> 00:23:01,750
saving,

303
00:23:02,070 --> 00:23:02,610
supporting,

304
00:23:02,910 --> 00:23:03,490
protecting,

305
00:23:05,990 --> 00:23:06,570
comforting,

306
00:23:07,250 --> 00:23:08,390
rescuing, saving,

307
00:23:10,150 --> 00:23:12,730
you feel wonderful within yourself.

308
00:23:16,380 --> 00:23:18,600
And you get the effect right away.

309
00:23:22,340 --> 00:23:24,140
And that is a triple action.

310
00:23:25,880 --> 00:23:27,260
It comprises

311
00:23:37,080 --> 00:23:37,980
the body,

312
00:23:38,780 --> 00:23:39,720
involves the body,

313
00:23:41,140 --> 00:23:43,940
it involves the mouth,

314
00:23:44,820 --> 00:23:45,600
the speech,

315
00:23:46,660 --> 00:23:47,480
and it involves

316
00:23:48,380 --> 00:23:50,320
your mind consciousness.

317
00:23:51,480 --> 00:23:53,440
And this kind of action,

318
00:23:54,000 --> 00:23:55,440
we call it karma.

319
00:23:56,480 --> 00:23:57,700
Karma means action.

320
00:24:08,620 --> 00:24:10,540
When it is action,

321
00:24:10,680 --> 00:24:11,940
we call it karma hetu,

322
00:24:12,940 --> 00:24:13,840
karma cause.

323
00:24:28,660 --> 00:24:30,480
And when it is the fruit,

324
00:24:32,690 --> 00:24:33,770
we call it karmaphala,

325
00:24:38,740 --> 00:24:41,380
the fruit of the consequence,

326
00:24:42,440 --> 00:24:45,140
the fruit of your action.

327
00:24:50,180 --> 00:24:53,800
There's a French philosopher called Jean-Paul Sartre.

328
00:24:54,980 --> 00:24:56,260
He said that

329
00:24:57,060 --> 00:25:00,240
man is the sum of all his actions.

330
00:25:01,280 --> 00:25:03,120
L'homme est la somme de ses actes.

331
00:25:03,560 --> 00:25:05,100
He's very close to this.

332
00:25:07,710 --> 00:25:09,710
And if we understand act,

333
00:25:11,370 --> 00:25:12,130
action,

334
00:25:13,330 --> 00:25:15,030
as a triple action,

335
00:25:15,950 --> 00:25:16,930
the way we think,

336
00:25:18,110 --> 00:25:19,210
the way we speak,

337
00:25:19,790 --> 00:25:20,290
and the way

338
00:25:21,390 --> 00:25:22,810
we do things.

339
00:25:26,330 --> 00:25:27,630
When we observe

340
00:25:28,450 --> 00:25:30,010
an orange tree,

341
00:25:32,390 --> 00:25:33,270
we see that

342
00:25:34,130 --> 00:25:39,110
the orange tree wants to propagate 
beautiful leaves, beautiful blossoms,

343
00:25:39,730 --> 00:25:40,650
and beautiful oranges.

344
00:25:40,650 --> 00:25:41,150
Yes.

345
00:25:42,870 --> 00:25:45,110
If the orange tree is healthy,

346
00:25:45,610 --> 00:25:47,770
then she can produce these kind of things.

347
00:25:48,250 --> 00:25:49,570
Very beautiful leaves,

348
00:25:50,290 --> 00:25:52,030
very beautiful orange blossoms,

349
00:25:52,650 --> 00:25:55,610
and very delicious oranges.

350
00:25:59,170 --> 00:25:59,970
And we humans,

351
00:26:00,870 --> 00:26:02,150
what we can offer

352
00:26:02,970 --> 00:26:04,010
is our thinking,

353
00:26:04,330 --> 00:26:06,010
our speech, and our action.

354
00:26:07,010 --> 00:26:09,670
It is possible to offer the best kind of thinking,

355
00:26:10,290 --> 00:26:11,610
the best kind of

356
00:26:12,310 --> 00:26:12,810
speech,

357
00:26:13,290 --> 00:26:16,190
and the best kind of action,

358
00:26:17,050 --> 00:26:19,290
because that is our continuation.

359
00:26:21,010 --> 00:26:22,130
When we think,

360
00:26:22,850 --> 00:26:26,090
when we speak, when we do things, we produce.

361
00:26:27,650 --> 00:26:30,800
That is the outcome of our being.

362
00:26:32,750 --> 00:26:34,190
That's our product.

363
00:26:35,820 --> 00:26:37,890
And they will not be lost,

364
00:26:38,390 --> 00:26:41,130
they will continue in the cosmos.

365
00:26:41,920 --> 00:26:43,670
The effect of our thinking,

366
00:26:44,010 --> 00:26:45,050
the effect of our speech,

367
00:26:45,610 --> 00:26:47,410
and the effect of our action will continue.

368
00:26:48,430 --> 00:26:50,570
Whether this body is still there,

369
00:26:50,910 --> 00:26:51,590
or it has

370
00:26:52,470 --> 00:26:53,150
disintegrated,

371
00:26:53,650 --> 00:26:54,870
our action continues.

372
00:26:58,220 --> 00:26:59,260
Karma continues.

373
00:26:59,920 --> 00:27:00,840
Karma as

374
00:27:02,940 --> 00:27:03,620
energy,

375
00:27:05,060 --> 00:27:07,200
karma cause, karma effect,

376
00:27:07,560 --> 00:27:08,060
continues.

377
00:27:09,500 --> 00:27:12,320
When you produce a thought,

378
00:27:14,760 --> 00:27:16,760
that thought you have produced

379
00:27:17,480 --> 00:27:18,720
bears your signature.

380
00:27:19,620 --> 00:27:21,640
It's you who have produced that thought.

381
00:27:22,880 --> 00:27:25,740
You are responsible for that thought.

382
00:27:26,880 --> 00:27:28,760
If it is a thought of compassion,

383
00:27:29,120 --> 00:27:29,620
forgiveness,

384
00:27:31,080 --> 00:27:31,780
non-discrimination,

385
00:27:35,930 --> 00:27:37,310
you will continue beautifully,

386
00:27:38,150 --> 00:27:40,390
because it has your signature in it.

387
00:27:41,570 --> 00:27:42,690
You are the author

388
00:27:43,270 --> 00:27:44,030
of the action.

389
00:27:46,060 --> 00:27:48,620
If you say something in the line of

390
00:27:49,280 --> 00:27:49,880
forgiveness,

391
00:27:50,700 --> 00:27:51,200
compassion,

392
00:27:51,520 --> 00:27:52,120
non-discrimination,

393
00:27:53,320 --> 00:27:55,800
and what you say has your signature in it.

394
00:27:56,380 --> 00:27:57,440
You cannot say that,

395
00:27:57,960 --> 00:27:59,080
"No, I have not said that."

396
00:27:59,180 --> 00:28:00,140
You have said that.

397
00:28:01,980 --> 00:28:04,620
There's a signature, your signature in it.

398
00:28:04,920 --> 00:28:06,060
You cannot deny that.

399
00:28:06,800 --> 00:28:08,060
And action, the same.

400
00:28:09,140 --> 00:28:12,040
Whatever you have done bears your signatures.

401
00:28:13,260 --> 00:28:14,360
And they have

402
00:28:15,340 --> 00:28:16,680
gone to the cosmos.

403
00:28:17,860 --> 00:28:19,000
They are always there.

404
00:28:20,140 --> 00:28:22,420
So even if this body is no longer there,

405
00:28:22,860 --> 00:28:23,820
you continue.

406
00:28:26,820 --> 00:28:29,780
So to say that when this body disintegrates,

407
00:28:29,880 --> 00:28:30,680
you are no longer there,

408
00:28:30,840 --> 00:28:31,860
is a wrong view.

409
00:28:33,780 --> 00:28:39,340
So the so-called scientific view 
that there's nothing left after the

410
00:28:39,980 --> 00:28:41,180
disintegration of the body,

411
00:28:41,400 --> 00:28:42,500
that's a wrong view.

412
00:28:45,090 --> 00:28:46,270
According to

413
00:28:46,590 --> 00:28:47,630
Buddhist wisdom,

414
00:28:48,950 --> 00:28:51,230
the view of immortality,

415
00:28:53,030 --> 00:28:53,630
impermanence,

416
00:28:54,750 --> 00:28:55,330
is a wrong view.

417
00:28:56,490 --> 00:28:57,070
Because

418
00:28:58,150 --> 00:28:59,390
according to our

419
00:29:01,270 --> 00:29:01,850
observation,

420
00:29:02,430 --> 00:29:04,070
everything is impermanent,

421
00:29:04,410 --> 00:29:06,150
everything is changing.

422
00:29:07,190 --> 00:29:08,810
Nothing can be the same

423
00:29:09,770 --> 00:29:10,350
forever.

424
00:29:12,390 --> 00:29:14,150
So permanence,

425
00:29:15,310 --> 00:29:16,690
is not the truth.

426
00:29:20,550 --> 00:29:21,530
But to say that

427
00:29:22,910 --> 00:29:25,030
when we die, there is nothing left,

428
00:29:26,290 --> 00:29:27,790
is also a wrong view.

429
00:29:29,940 --> 00:29:33,700
And that is also a pair of opposites.

430
00:29:53,580 --> 00:29:54,260
Permanence,

431
00:29:58,380 --> 00:29:59,120
immortality,

432
00:30:00,960 --> 00:30:02,040
and annihilation.

433
00:30:18,970 --> 00:30:20,970
Immortality is a wrong view.

434
00:30:22,310 --> 00:30:23,430
Because so far,

435
00:30:24,230 --> 00:30:25,390
we have not seen anything

436
00:30:27,510 --> 00:30:28,550
like that.

437
00:30:30,840 --> 00:30:33,420
Everything you observe is impermanent,

438
00:30:35,880 --> 00:30:36,760
always changing.

439
00:30:40,840 --> 00:30:42,860
But annihilation is also

440
00:30:43,960 --> 00:30:45,100
a wrong view.

441
00:30:46,980 --> 00:30:49,900
Suppose we speak of the death of a cloud.

442
00:30:53,400 --> 00:30:57,780
You look up in the sky and you don't 
see your beloved cloud anymore.

443
00:30:58,660 --> 00:31:01,640
And you cry, "Oh my beloved cloud,

444
00:31:02,800 --> 00:31:04,280
you are no longer there.

445
00:31:04,800 --> 00:31:06,480
How can I survive without you?"

446
00:31:07,220 --> 00:31:07,940
And you cry.

447
00:31:10,590 --> 00:31:12,430
You are thinking of the cloud as

448
00:31:13,030 --> 00:31:14,350
having passed from

449
00:31:14,870 --> 00:31:16,730
being into non-being,

450
00:31:17,770 --> 00:31:18,790
from existence

451
00:31:19,350 --> 00:31:20,730
into non-existence.

452
00:31:23,200 --> 00:31:26,100
But in fact, it is impossible for a cloud to die.

453
00:31:27,300 --> 00:31:31,180
To die means from something 
you suddenly become nothing at all.

454
00:31:32,480 --> 00:31:34,360
To die means from someone

455
00:31:34,360 --> 00:31:36,660
you suddenly become no one.

456
00:31:39,760 --> 00:31:41,720
But this is not the case of the cloud.

457
00:31:42,680 --> 00:31:44,140
A cloud cannot become nothing.

458
00:31:45,360 --> 00:31:48,720
It is possible for a cloud to become rain, or snow,

459
00:31:49,300 --> 00:31:49,800
or fog,

460
00:31:52,530 --> 00:31:53,730
or vapor,

461
00:31:54,410 --> 00:31:55,210
water vapor.

462
00:31:56,370 --> 00:31:59,330
But it's not possible for 
a cloud to become nothing.

463
00:32:02,920 --> 00:32:06,440
And that is why the view of 
annihilation is a wrong view.

464
00:32:09,370 --> 00:32:10,750
If you are a scientist,

465
00:32:11,610 --> 00:32:13,030
and if you think that

466
00:32:14,910 --> 00:32:16,470
after the disintegration

467
00:32:17,010 --> 00:32:20,290
of this body, you are no longer there, 
you become nothing,

468
00:32:20,650 --> 00:32:22,710
you have passed from being to non-being,

469
00:32:22,790 --> 00:32:24,150
you are not a very good scientist.

470
00:32:24,670 --> 00:32:27,130
Because that is against evidence.

471
00:32:29,510 --> 00:32:32,150
There is a French scientist who said that nothing

472
00:32:33,230 --> 00:32:34,150
can die.

473
00:32:38,180 --> 00:32:39,700
His name is Lavoisier.

474
00:32:40,860 --> 00:32:42,060
Rien ne se crée,

475
00:32:42,380 --> 00:32:43,140
rien ne se perd.

476
00:32:45,340 --> 00:32:47,180
And you know that he's not a Buddhist.

477
00:32:50,140 --> 00:32:51,020
Rien ne se crée,
[ Nothing is created ]

478
00:32:51,360 --> 00:32:52,040
rien ne se perd.
[ Nothing can die ]

479
00:32:52,220 --> 00:32:52,720
Nothing

480
00:32:53,120 --> 00:32:54,100
is created,

481
00:32:54,740 --> 00:32:55,520
is born.

482
00:32:55,860 --> 00:32:56,640
Nothing can die.

483
00:32:57,300 --> 00:32:59,000
And that is the nature of everything.

484
00:32:59,620 --> 00:33:00,780
No birth, no death.

485
00:33:02,400 --> 00:33:06,340
Because birth and death again is a pair of notions.

486
00:33:12,750 --> 00:33:13,970
The cloud in the sky

487
00:33:17,120 --> 00:33:18,760
is a new manifestation

488
00:33:20,000 --> 00:33:22,860
before assuming the form of a cloud.

489
00:33:23,360 --> 00:33:24,580
The cloud had been

490
00:33:26,680 --> 00:33:27,820
water vapor.

491
00:33:28,720 --> 00:33:31,200
The cloud had been water in the ocean

492
00:33:32,140 --> 00:33:32,640
and

493
00:33:33,380 --> 00:33:34,380
the heat

494
00:33:35,500 --> 00:33:39,160
of the sun created by the sunshine,

495
00:33:39,480 --> 00:33:40,700
the sunlight.

496
00:33:42,260 --> 00:33:46,280
So that is, you can call it her previous life.

497
00:33:46,920 --> 00:33:49,160
In her previous life the cloud had been

498
00:33:50,140 --> 00:33:51,620
the water in the ocean,

499
00:33:53,540 --> 00:33:55,300
the heat and so on.

500
00:33:56,420 --> 00:33:58,640
So being a cloud is only a continuation.

501
00:33:59,300 --> 00:34:01,100
A cloud has not come from nothing.

502
00:34:02,100 --> 00:34:03,220
A cloud always

503
00:34:03,880 --> 00:34:05,100
comes from something.

504
00:34:07,430 --> 00:34:08,450
So there's no birth,

505
00:34:08,790 --> 00:34:09,930
there's only a continuation.

506
00:34:15,080 --> 00:34:15,760
And that is why

507
00:34:16,620 --> 00:34:20,160
when we celebrate the birthday of someone instead of

508
00:34:20,700 --> 00:34:22,840
singing happy birthday to you,

509
00:34:23,280 --> 00:34:26,880
it may be better to sing happy continuation day to you.

510
00:34:28,540 --> 00:34:29,800
That's not your beginning.

511
00:34:30,640 --> 00:34:31,920
Your birth is not your beginning.

512
00:34:32,720 --> 00:34:34,120
That's only your continuation.

513
00:34:34,720 --> 00:34:36,500
Because you have been before that.

514
00:34:37,100 --> 00:34:38,880
You have been there before your birth

515
00:34:39,540 --> 00:34:40,780
in other forms.

516
00:34:43,380 --> 00:34:44,740
Like this piece of paper.

517
00:34:46,220 --> 00:34:46,820
Before

518
00:34:47,540 --> 00:34:50,460
this piece of paper appeared in this form, before

519
00:34:53,600 --> 00:34:55,740
it had been something else.

520
00:34:57,220 --> 00:34:59,160
It has not come from nothing,

521
00:34:59,640 --> 00:35:00,600
because from nothing

522
00:35:01,920 --> 00:35:03,460
you cannot become something.

523
00:35:05,500 --> 00:35:08,060
And looking as a meditator,

524
00:35:08,240 --> 00:35:12,300
we can look into the sheet of paper 
and we see the forest, the trees,

525
00:35:13,780 --> 00:35:16,200
the earth, the soil,

526
00:35:16,840 --> 00:35:17,940
the rain,

527
00:35:18,720 --> 00:35:20,540
the cloud that nourish the trees.

528
00:35:21,820 --> 00:35:23,280
So the previous life

529
00:35:23,550 --> 00:35:25,360
of the sheet of paper you can see.

530
00:35:28,610 --> 00:35:31,690
Looking into a sheet of paper you can see

531
00:35:32,150 --> 00:35:33,010
the cloud,

532
00:35:33,810 --> 00:35:34,630
the earth,

533
00:35:35,290 --> 00:35:35,970
the trees,

534
00:35:36,830 --> 00:35:37,630
the paper mill.

535
00:35:39,030 --> 00:35:40,370
And that is where

536
00:35:42,750 --> 00:35:44,650
the sheet of paper comes.

537
00:35:46,540 --> 00:35:49,100
So the sheet of paper has not come from nothing.

538
00:35:51,080 --> 00:35:56,640
And the manifestation as a sheet of 
paper is only a new manifestation.

539
00:35:57,940 --> 00:35:59,480
Not really a birth.

540
00:36:00,280 --> 00:36:01,880
Because to be born means

541
00:36:02,460 --> 00:36:04,780
from nothing you suddenly become something.

542
00:36:05,320 --> 00:36:08,600
From no one you suddenly become someone.

543
00:36:09,540 --> 00:36:14,160
So the nature of this sheet of 
paper is the nature of no birth.

544
00:36:21,250 --> 00:36:24,670
And it is impossible for 
the sheet of paper to die.

545
00:36:28,270 --> 00:36:28,910
When you

546
00:36:29,670 --> 00:36:30,990
burn this sheet of paper

547
00:36:33,170 --> 00:36:34,830
and you observe,

548
00:36:35,650 --> 00:36:38,590
you see that the sheet of paper 
will be transformed into smoke,

549
00:36:39,930 --> 00:36:40,430
vapor,

550
00:36:41,990 --> 00:36:42,490
and ash,

551
00:36:43,090 --> 00:36:43,630
and heat.

552
00:36:44,990 --> 00:36:47,370
And that heat is energy.

553
00:36:48,390 --> 00:36:50,310
There's smoke coming up, water,

554
00:36:53,080 --> 00:36:53,580
and

555
00:36:54,960 --> 00:36:56,000
the ash

556
00:36:56,800 --> 00:36:57,560
going down.

557
00:36:58,960 --> 00:37:00,780
The sheet of paper will continue.

558
00:37:03,160 --> 00:37:04,120
So to say that

559
00:37:07,380 --> 00:37:09,840
after the disintegration of the body,

560
00:37:10,480 --> 00:37:11,460
there is nothing more.

561
00:37:12,460 --> 00:37:13,400
There's nothing left.

562
00:37:14,180 --> 00:37:15,920
It is a wrong view called

563
00:37:16,480 --> 00:37:18,180
the view of annihilation.

564
00:37:36,000 --> 00:37:39,550
So right thinking is a kind of

565
00:37:39,940 --> 00:37:42,420
thinking that is based on right view.

566
00:37:43,480 --> 00:37:44,240
And right thinking

567
00:37:44,670 --> 00:37:45,420
is

568
00:37:48,270 --> 00:37:49,370
free from fear,

569
00:37:49,950 --> 00:37:50,770
from discrimination,

570
00:37:51,530 --> 00:37:52,090
and so on.

571
00:38:11,540 --> 00:38:19,340
We know that with the

572
00:38:23,270 --> 00:38:26,030
insight of interbeing,

573
00:38:26,350 --> 00:38:29,270
the insight of no self,

574
00:38:30,050 --> 00:38:31,130
the insight of

575
00:38:34,720 --> 00:38:35,620
non-duality,

576
00:38:38,250 --> 00:38:38,890
the thinking

577
00:38:40,230 --> 00:38:42,530
will have a chance to be right thinking.

578
00:38:42,930 --> 00:38:44,290
The speaking will have the

579
00:38:46,910 --> 00:38:48,450
chance to be right speech.

580
00:38:49,010 --> 00:38:51,450
And the action will have the right,

581
00:38:52,410 --> 00:38:55,010
the chance to be right action.

582
00:39:00,720 --> 00:39:01,220
And

583
00:39:02,620 --> 00:39:05,440
every thought, every speech,

584
00:39:06,160 --> 00:39:08,960
every act of ours bear our signature.

585
00:39:09,960 --> 00:39:11,440
And it will continue.

586
00:39:12,660 --> 00:39:14,780
It will continue with our karma.

587
00:39:16,440 --> 00:39:17,360
And that is why

588
00:39:20,340 --> 00:39:27,780
the notion of immortality 
and the notion of annihilation

589
00:39:28,880 --> 00:39:30,160
are just notions.

590
00:39:31,080 --> 00:39:32,520
And they have to...

591
00:39:32,520 --> 00:39:36,390
The view of permanence and the view of 
annihilation should be transcended

592
00:39:37,080 --> 00:39:38,100
in order for

593
00:39:39,650 --> 00:39:41,180
us to have the right view.

594
00:39:42,020 --> 00:39:44,400
Right view is the absence of views,

595
00:39:44,980 --> 00:39:48,520
including the views of permanence 
and the views of annihilation.

596
00:39:51,220 --> 00:39:56,060
We have lost someone who is very close to us.

597
00:39:59,380 --> 00:40:01,320
We are grieving his or her

598
00:40:01,940 --> 00:40:02,500
death.

599
00:40:02,920 --> 00:40:03,800
We have to look again.

600
00:40:04,720 --> 00:40:07,300
And that person still continues

601
00:40:07,960 --> 00:40:08,560
somehow.

602
00:40:11,940 --> 00:40:16,080
And we can do something in order to help 
him or her to continue more beautifully.

603
00:40:18,630 --> 00:40:21,550
He or she is still alive in us and around us.

604
00:40:23,270 --> 00:40:25,750
With the new way of looking,

605
00:40:26,010 --> 00:40:29,770
we can still recognize him or her around very well.

606
00:40:30,990 --> 00:40:32,610
The way we recognize

607
00:40:34,230 --> 00:40:35,430
our beloved

608
00:40:36,490 --> 00:40:39,410
cloud in the cup of tea.

609
00:40:40,090 --> 00:40:41,550
When you drink your cup of tea

610
00:40:42,210 --> 00:40:43,830
with mindfulness and concentration,

611
00:40:44,190 --> 00:40:45,910
you can get the insight

612
00:40:46,710 --> 00:40:49,050
that the cloud is your tea.

613
00:40:49,450 --> 00:40:50,450
Very close.

614
00:40:51,750 --> 00:40:53,990
You have never lost him or her.

615
00:40:54,890 --> 00:40:56,010
She is still alive.

616
00:40:56,270 --> 00:40:57,270
Very close.

617
00:40:58,270 --> 00:41:00,450
And maybe in a more beautiful form

618
00:41:01,470 --> 00:41:03,110
or different forms than

619
00:41:04,150 --> 00:41:05,270
in the past.

620
00:41:06,110 --> 00:41:07,830
So that is the kind of vision,

621
00:41:08,150 --> 00:41:09,090
that is the kind of

622
00:41:10,370 --> 00:41:14,290
insight that we should have 
in order to overcome grief.

623
00:41:17,030 --> 00:41:19,290
Because we think that we have lost him,

624
00:41:19,650 --> 00:41:20,730
we have lost her.

625
00:41:23,220 --> 00:41:25,900
But that person has not died, 
has not disappeared.

626
00:41:28,160 --> 00:41:29,880
She continues, he continues

627
00:41:30,450 --> 00:41:31,720
in her new forms.

628
00:41:33,420 --> 00:41:36,520
And you have to practice looking deeply 
in order to recognize

629
00:41:37,100 --> 00:41:39,120
her continuation, his continuation,

630
00:41:39,680 --> 00:41:40,660
and support that.

631
00:41:41,260 --> 00:41:43,580
And by producing right thought,

632
00:41:44,080 --> 00:41:45,520
right speech, and right thinking,

633
00:41:45,860 --> 00:41:47,700
we can support him or her.

634
00:41:48,560 --> 00:41:50,480
Darling, I know you are there somehow.

635
00:41:51,360 --> 00:41:52,700
Very real to me.

636
00:41:53,320 --> 00:41:54,380
I'm breathing for you.

637
00:41:55,100 --> 00:41:56,840
I'm looking around for you.

638
00:42:00,520 --> 00:42:03,340
I enjoy life for you.

639
00:42:03,800 --> 00:42:05,000
And I know that

640
00:42:06,180 --> 00:42:08,080
you are there, still there.

641
00:42:08,800 --> 00:42:10,240
You are very close to me,

642
00:42:10,520 --> 00:42:11,480
and you are in me.

643
00:42:15,150 --> 00:42:16,890
And we can transform our suffering.

644
00:42:17,590 --> 00:42:18,770
We can feel much better.

645
00:42:19,750 --> 00:42:20,910
We want to have right view.

646
00:42:33,800 --> 00:42:36,080
When we come to right mindfulness,

647
00:42:48,220 --> 00:42:49,580
samyak-smṛti,

648
00:42:54,480 --> 00:42:55,560
chánh niệm,

649
00:43:01,740 --> 00:43:02,860
we know that

650
00:43:04,560 --> 00:43:05,920
together with

651
00:43:06,800 --> 00:43:08,000
right concentration,

652
00:43:09,140 --> 00:43:12,280
mindfulness can help bring right view.

653
00:43:15,850 --> 00:43:17,970
When you practice right mindfulness,

654
00:43:19,630 --> 00:43:20,770
you bring about

655
00:43:21,830 --> 00:43:22,890
good concentration.

656
00:43:24,830 --> 00:43:25,890
And with good concentration,

657
00:43:26,170 --> 00:43:27,490
you can break through,

658
00:43:28,610 --> 00:43:30,910
you can understand reality as it is.

659
00:43:32,150 --> 00:43:34,030
You overcome all wrong views,

660
00:43:34,450 --> 00:43:36,430
and you get right view,

661
00:43:36,970 --> 00:43:38,070
which is insight.

662
00:43:38,870 --> 00:43:42,090
And it is that insight 
that liberates you from fear,

663
00:43:42,910 --> 00:43:43,410
and despair,

664
00:43:44,850 --> 00:43:45,950
and anger.

665
00:43:47,990 --> 00:43:49,870
In Buddhism, we speak of liberation,

666
00:43:51,510 --> 00:43:52,230
salvation,

667
00:43:52,650 --> 00:43:53,970
in terms of understanding.

668
00:43:55,970 --> 00:43:57,210
It is understanding,

669
00:43:57,870 --> 00:43:58,750
right understanding.

670
00:43:59,050 --> 00:44:00,830
It is right view that liberates us.

671
00:44:03,760 --> 00:44:06,480
And we know that insight, understanding,

672
00:44:07,160 --> 00:44:09,320
is possible only with

673
00:44:09,960 --> 00:44:12,020
the energy of mindfulness and concentration.

674
00:44:13,800 --> 00:44:14,600
And that is why

675
00:44:16,100 --> 00:44:16,820
practitioners

676
00:44:17,920 --> 00:44:20,980
of Buddhist meditation are those who

677
00:44:21,560 --> 00:44:24,160
generate the energy of mindfulness 
in their daily life,

678
00:44:25,040 --> 00:44:25,920
and practice,

679
00:44:28,020 --> 00:44:32,720
concentrated on the object of their mind.

680
00:44:33,700 --> 00:44:34,200
And then

681
00:44:34,960 --> 00:44:37,920
by doing so, they get the right view that will

682
00:44:38,520 --> 00:44:40,080
help them to transform,

683
00:44:41,080 --> 00:44:43,520
to be liberated from their fear,

684
00:44:43,880 --> 00:44:44,500
their anger.

685
00:44:46,590 --> 00:44:48,400
Suppose you have the fear of dying,

686
00:44:51,430 --> 00:44:51,930
and if

687
00:44:53,350 --> 00:44:56,970
you touch the nature of no birth and no death,

688
00:44:58,610 --> 00:45:00,270
you can remove that fear.

689
00:45:01,450 --> 00:45:02,130
And that is why

690
00:45:02,770 --> 00:45:03,610
your savior

691
00:45:04,830 --> 00:45:06,030
is right view,

692
00:45:06,450 --> 00:45:07,190
is insight.

693
00:45:07,690 --> 00:45:11,770
And that is the outcome of your 
practice of mindfulness and concentration.

694
00:45:14,640 --> 00:45:16,140
In the beginning of our retreat,

695
00:45:17,540 --> 00:45:18,200
we have

696
00:45:20,200 --> 00:45:22,120
defined what mindfulness is,

697
00:45:24,760 --> 00:45:26,660
and we said that mindfulness is

698
00:45:28,440 --> 00:45:31,100
the kind of energy that can help bring

699
00:45:31,800 --> 00:45:33,280
our mind back to our body,

700
00:45:33,820 --> 00:45:35,640
so that we can be established

701
00:45:36,200 --> 00:45:37,640
well in the present moment,

702
00:45:38,140 --> 00:45:38,920
so that we can

703
00:45:39,520 --> 00:45:42,720
get in touch with life and 
the wonders of life deeply,

704
00:45:43,100 --> 00:45:44,460
so that we can live truly

705
00:45:45,200 --> 00:45:45,900
our life.

706
00:45:48,500 --> 00:45:49,000
Mindfulness

707
00:45:49,620 --> 00:45:52,440
allowed us to be aware of what is going on

708
00:45:52,440 --> 00:45:55,300
in the present moment, in our body,

709
00:45:55,860 --> 00:45:57,060
in our feelings,

710
00:45:57,720 --> 00:45:59,020
in our perceptions,

711
00:46:02,190 --> 00:46:02,910
in the world.

712
00:46:03,890 --> 00:46:04,910
And that is mindfulness.

713
00:46:05,830 --> 00:46:08,130
But why there is the word right mindfulness?

714
00:46:08,130 --> 00:46:13,210
Right mindfulness is there because 
there is wrong mindfulness.

715
00:46:17,440 --> 00:46:19,160
You keep thinking of the things that

716
00:46:20,060 --> 00:46:21,920
can bring you sorrow and fear.

717
00:46:26,590 --> 00:46:28,010
You have suffered in the past.

718
00:46:29,610 --> 00:46:31,390
And the memories of your suffering

719
00:46:32,090 --> 00:46:33,150
in the past

720
00:46:34,150 --> 00:46:35,470
continue to be there.

721
00:46:36,470 --> 00:46:38,390
And you tend to go back to the past.

722
00:46:39,150 --> 00:46:41,850
You review, you watch the film of the past.

723
00:46:42,750 --> 00:46:48,590
And every time you get in touch with 
pictures and films of the past, you suffer again.

724
00:46:50,370 --> 00:46:56,190
Suppose you were abused as a child 
at the age of five or ten.

725
00:46:57,490 --> 00:46:59,010
And you suffered so much.

726
00:47:00,150 --> 00:47:01,270
You felt that

727
00:47:01,650 --> 00:47:02,550
you were helpless.

728
00:47:05,820 --> 00:47:08,060
You had no means to defend yourself.

729
00:47:10,450 --> 00:47:11,250
They abused you.

730
00:47:12,670 --> 00:47:13,650
You are fragile.

731
00:47:15,370 --> 00:47:16,470
You are vulnerable.

732
00:47:17,510 --> 00:47:20,810
You were so afraid you did not 
know how to protect yourself.

733
00:47:25,010 --> 00:47:27,250
And that kind of suffering

734
00:47:28,310 --> 00:47:29,270
was created.

735
00:47:29,930 --> 00:47:31,630
And then you have a memory of it.

736
00:47:31,870 --> 00:47:32,510
There is a film,

737
00:47:33,090 --> 00:47:33,970
there is a picture

738
00:47:35,190 --> 00:47:36,810
stored in your consciousness.

739
00:47:37,310 --> 00:47:40,350
In your store consciousness.

740
00:47:41,650 --> 00:47:44,030
And every time you go home to the past

741
00:47:44,670 --> 00:47:47,730
and look at that picture or 
watch that film, you suffer again.

742
00:47:48,350 --> 00:47:51,030
You continue to be abused again, even when

743
00:47:52,170 --> 00:47:53,870
you have grown up.

744
00:47:54,730 --> 00:47:58,070
You have grown up to be an adult.

745
00:47:58,750 --> 00:48:01,150
You are now capable of defending yourself.

746
00:48:01,630 --> 00:48:03,530
You are capable of using telephone.

747
00:48:03,770 --> 00:48:05,450
You are capable of calling the police.

748
00:48:05,850 --> 00:48:06,430
You know that.

749
00:48:08,790 --> 00:48:12,410
You are no longer that child that was fragile.

750
00:48:15,170 --> 00:48:15,690
And

751
00:48:17,590 --> 00:48:18,350
vulnerable.

752
00:48:20,150 --> 00:48:22,850
Without means to defend yourself.

753
00:48:23,690 --> 00:48:25,770
You are no longer that little child.

754
00:48:27,350 --> 00:48:30,680
And yet you continue to suffer 
the suffering of the child.

755
00:48:31,930 --> 00:48:32,550
Because

756
00:48:33,970 --> 00:48:35,490
you practice wrong mindfulness.

757
00:48:36,130 --> 00:48:39,270
You always go back to the memories of the past.

758
00:48:40,170 --> 00:48:42,310
You feel more comfortable going

759
00:48:43,110 --> 00:48:44,790
home to the past.

760
00:48:46,690 --> 00:48:50,550
While right mindfulness wants you 
to be in the here and the now.

761
00:48:51,310 --> 00:48:52,250
Forget the past.

762
00:48:52,810 --> 00:48:56,190
Get rid of the past in order to 
live your life in the present moment.

763
00:48:57,870 --> 00:49:01,210
And there must be ways for you 
to stick to the present moment.

764
00:49:02,490 --> 00:49:04,310
For you not to

765
00:49:05,590 --> 00:49:07,630
slide back into the past and suffer.

766
00:49:08,830 --> 00:49:10,970
Suppose someone slapped you on the face

767
00:49:12,010 --> 00:49:13,070
20 years ago.

768
00:49:14,890 --> 00:49:18,290
And that was recorded as a picture.

769
00:49:19,830 --> 00:49:20,890
And our subconsciousness,

770
00:49:21,190 --> 00:49:25,010
our store consciousness stores a lot of 
films and pictures of the past.

771
00:49:26,590 --> 00:49:27,470
And pictures are,

772
00:49:27,910 --> 00:49:30,030
films are always projected there.

773
00:49:30,770 --> 00:49:32,110
And pictures are stored there.

774
00:49:32,590 --> 00:49:34,730
And you have the tendency to go back

775
00:49:36,470 --> 00:49:37,570
and watch them.

776
00:49:38,250 --> 00:49:39,210
And continue to suffer.

777
00:49:39,910 --> 00:49:44,910
Every time you saw that picture you are slapped again,
and slapped again, slapped again.

778
00:49:47,520 --> 00:49:48,260
But that

779
00:49:49,020 --> 00:49:50,320
that is only the past.

780
00:49:52,850 --> 00:49:53,610
You are no longer

781
00:49:54,350 --> 00:49:55,370
in the past.

782
00:49:55,630 --> 00:49:56,750
You are in the present moment.

783
00:49:57,550 --> 00:49:58,810
That is why right mindfulness

784
00:49:59,590 --> 00:50:01,050
is the practice that helps you

785
00:50:01,590 --> 00:50:02,910
to be in the present moment.

786
00:50:08,180 --> 00:50:09,620
That did happen in the past.

787
00:50:10,020 --> 00:50:11,680
But the past is already gone.

788
00:50:12,280 --> 00:50:14,420
It's only pictures and memories.

789
00:50:15,680 --> 00:50:18,760
And if you keep going to the past

790
00:50:18,870 --> 00:50:22,240
and touch that, that is wrong mindfulness.

791
00:50:27,760 --> 00:50:31,000
We have to talk about the original fear,

792
00:50:32,480 --> 00:50:33,500
original suffering,

793
00:50:34,280 --> 00:50:35,500
and the original desire.

794
00:50:37,020 --> 00:50:38,020
When we were a little

795
00:50:39,600 --> 00:50:40,280
baby,

796
00:50:43,990 --> 00:50:46,210
when we were still in

797
00:50:46,990 --> 00:50:48,610
the womb of our mother,

798
00:50:48,990 --> 00:50:49,970
we felt so comfortable.

799
00:50:53,170 --> 00:50:55,250
The weather is perfect.

800
00:50:58,320 --> 00:50:59,960
And we did not have to do anything.

801
00:51:00,440 --> 00:51:01,960
Our mother breathed for us,

802
00:51:02,680 --> 00:51:03,560
eat for us,

803
00:51:04,520 --> 00:51:05,680
think for us.

804
00:51:06,520 --> 00:51:07,980
We don't have to do anything.

805
00:51:09,280 --> 00:51:11,940
And we were in a very soft cushion,

806
00:51:13,000 --> 00:51:13,500
water.

807
00:51:13,720 --> 00:51:15,140
Water is the best kind of cushion.

808
00:51:17,960 --> 00:51:21,560
And that is a period of no worries.

809
00:51:21,900 --> 00:51:23,280
It lasts about nine months.

810
00:51:24,680 --> 00:51:25,480
That's paradise.

811
00:51:27,320 --> 00:51:29,980
But the moment when we have to be born,

812
00:51:30,340 --> 00:51:31,640
that's a very difficult moment.

813
00:51:33,000 --> 00:51:35,140
The situation changed completely.

814
00:51:36,040 --> 00:51:37,120
You touch the hardship.

815
00:51:38,780 --> 00:51:41,020
They cut the umbilical cord.

816
00:51:41,580 --> 00:51:43,400
Now you have to breathe for yourself.

817
00:51:44,300 --> 00:51:46,500
Your mommy cannot breathe for you anymore.

818
00:51:48,630 --> 00:51:50,650
And you try your first in-breath.

819
00:51:51,990 --> 00:51:55,890
It's so difficult because 
there was liquid in your lungs.

820
00:51:57,250 --> 00:51:59,310
You have to

821
00:52:01,130 --> 00:52:02,390
spit out.

822
00:52:03,370 --> 00:52:05,590
You have to make an effort

823
00:52:06,750 --> 00:52:08,150
to expel

824
00:52:08,700 --> 00:52:11,610
that liquid from your lung 
in order to be able to

825
00:52:12,390 --> 00:52:14,490
breathe in for the first time.

826
00:52:15,030 --> 00:52:16,310
It's very difficult.

827
00:52:16,650 --> 00:52:17,410
It's very dangerous.

828
00:52:17,590 --> 00:52:18,390
You risk to die.

829
00:52:21,740 --> 00:52:24,220
And you were able to overcome that.

830
00:52:24,860 --> 00:52:25,980
And you breathe your first.

831
00:52:28,180 --> 00:52:30,160
And you are full of fear.

832
00:52:31,760 --> 00:52:33,860
Your concern is how to survive.

833
00:52:36,480 --> 00:52:37,520
You are so alone.

834
00:52:38,500 --> 00:52:39,920
You are so fragile.

835
00:52:40,440 --> 00:52:41,780
You are so vulnerable.

836
00:52:42,100 --> 00:52:43,280
Nobody can help you.

837
00:52:44,900 --> 00:52:48,460
And that is what we call the original fear.

838
00:53:15,870 --> 00:53:19,050
And you continue to grow up as a baby

839
00:53:21,130 --> 00:53:22,570
with that kind of fear.

840
00:53:24,210 --> 00:53:26,490
"I cannot survive by myself.

841
00:53:26,670 --> 00:53:28,130
There must be someone to help me."

842
00:53:29,830 --> 00:53:32,570
So you lie there waiting for someone to come.

843
00:53:33,230 --> 00:53:35,550
And that someone may be your mommy,

844
00:53:37,270 --> 00:53:38,130
your nurse,

845
00:53:39,270 --> 00:53:40,230
or your big sister.

846
00:53:43,310 --> 00:53:47,310
And you do everything you can in order 
to attract that person to come to you.

847
00:53:48,530 --> 00:53:50,950
And your belief is that without another person

848
00:53:51,710 --> 00:53:53,330
around you cannot survive.

849
00:53:53,910 --> 00:53:56,530
You need a person in order to survive.

850
00:53:56,870 --> 00:53:57,370
That person

851
00:53:58,010 --> 00:53:58,850
may be mommy

852
00:53:59,930 --> 00:54:01,130
or someone else.

853
00:54:03,700 --> 00:54:05,100
So you have a desire.

854
00:54:06,280 --> 00:54:07,200
You desire

855
00:54:08,340 --> 00:54:10,500
the presence of that person

856
00:54:10,500 --> 00:54:13,360
because there is a belief that without him,

857
00:54:13,620 --> 00:54:14,840
without her, that person,

858
00:54:16,080 --> 00:54:17,780
you cannot survive.

859
00:54:18,900 --> 00:54:20,560
The feeling is very clear.

860
00:54:21,320 --> 00:54:22,460
I am fragile.

861
00:54:22,900 --> 00:54:23,780
I am vulnerable.

862
00:54:24,400 --> 00:54:26,900
I have no means to defend myself.

863
00:54:27,280 --> 00:54:29,220
Without you, I cannot survive.

864
00:54:30,320 --> 00:54:34,260
That is our original fear and our original desire.

865
00:54:35,560 --> 00:54:38,820
Our desire is that there must be someone.

866
00:54:44,240 --> 00:54:45,600
And as you grow up,

867
00:54:45,700 --> 00:54:46,880
you learn to manipulate

868
00:54:48,640 --> 00:54:51,080
in order to attract that person to come.

869
00:54:55,660 --> 00:54:57,560
Sometimes you are given something to hold.

870
00:55:00,020 --> 00:55:03,620
Sometimes they take it from you and

871
00:55:07,880 --> 00:55:10,480
one of your weapons is to cry.

872
00:55:11,780 --> 00:55:14,780
You try to manipulate yourself.

873
00:55:15,000 --> 00:55:17,220
You try to manipulate the situation.

874
00:55:19,100 --> 00:55:22,160
And sometimes you smile.

875
00:55:23,160 --> 00:55:26,780
But that is to please that person 
in order for her to come.

876
00:55:27,620 --> 00:55:32,640
So you learn a diplomatic smile 
even when you are a little infant.

877
00:55:34,540 --> 00:55:36,300
That's the problem of survival.

878
00:55:36,980 --> 00:55:39,560
You learn without knowing that you are learning.

879
00:55:45,310 --> 00:55:46,950
And that feeling that you are

880
00:55:47,710 --> 00:55:48,210
fragile,

881
00:55:48,790 --> 00:55:49,410
vulnerable, vulnerable,

882
00:55:50,510 --> 00:55:52,950
without means to defend yourself,

883
00:55:53,350 --> 00:55:57,170
you always need another person 
to be with you, is always there.

884
00:55:57,750 --> 00:55:58,570
That kind of fear,

885
00:55:58,810 --> 00:55:59,690
that kind of desire

886
00:56:00,550 --> 00:56:02,250
called original fear,

887
00:56:02,990 --> 00:56:03,750
original desire,

888
00:56:04,070 --> 00:56:05,070
is always there.

889
00:56:06,670 --> 00:56:11,670
The infant is always alive in us 
with that kind of desire and fear.

890
00:56:13,370 --> 00:56:15,190
And in our present days,

891
00:56:16,150 --> 00:56:20,070
all our desire and fear are linked 
to that original fear and desire.

892
00:56:21,990 --> 00:56:23,230
If we work non-stop,

893
00:56:25,660 --> 00:56:27,840
accumulating more money,

894
00:56:28,300 --> 00:56:30,840
that's because of fear, original fear,

895
00:56:32,840 --> 00:56:34,000
that I cannot survive.

896
00:56:36,100 --> 00:56:38,340
We look for someone to love,

897
00:56:39,520 --> 00:56:40,980
to support us,

898
00:56:43,900 --> 00:56:46,080
look for a lover, a lover,

899
00:56:47,960 --> 00:56:48,980
a man or a woman.

900
00:56:49,340 --> 00:56:53,060
That is also the continuation of your desire.

901
00:56:54,760 --> 00:56:56,100
When you were infant,

902
00:56:56,300 --> 00:56:57,500
you looked for mommy.

903
00:56:58,160 --> 00:57:00,620
Now you look for another person to be your mommy,

904
00:57:01,280 --> 00:57:03,700
whether that is a young man or a young woman.

905
00:57:05,920 --> 00:57:10,600
So the new desire is only a 
continuation of the old desire.

906
00:57:11,500 --> 00:57:15,820
The new fear is only a 
continuation of the old fear.

907
00:57:17,400 --> 00:57:21,860
And there is a tendency for you 
to go back to being that child

908
00:57:22,520 --> 00:57:28,120
and suffer the suffering of that desire 
and suffer the suffering of that fear.

909
00:57:35,540 --> 00:57:37,280
That those of us who have a depression,

910
00:57:37,640 --> 00:57:40,000
those of us who suffer, continue to suffer,

911
00:57:40,860 --> 00:57:43,720
even if in the present condition everything looks

912
00:57:45,160 --> 00:57:46,060
all right,

913
00:57:52,080 --> 00:57:55,840
because there is a tendency 
for us to go home to the past.

914
00:57:56,460 --> 00:57:58,760
We feel more comfortable with that home,

915
00:57:59,260 --> 00:58:02,040
even if in that home 
there is a lot of suffering.

916
00:58:04,850 --> 00:58:06,130
That home is deep down

917
00:58:06,650 --> 00:58:07,890
in the store consciousness,

918
00:58:08,230 --> 00:58:11,150
where the films of the past 
are always projected.

919
00:58:11,970 --> 00:58:14,950
And every night you go home 
and watch the films and suffer.

920
00:58:16,210 --> 00:58:20,250
And the future is only a 
projection of the past,

921
00:58:21,050 --> 00:58:23,330
but fear and desire.

922
00:58:25,780 --> 00:58:27,340
Suppose you come to a cinema,

923
00:58:29,100 --> 00:58:31,340
to a movie,

924
00:58:33,760 --> 00:58:36,820
and down there you look 
up here on the screen,

925
00:58:39,500 --> 00:58:40,580
and there is a story,

926
00:58:40,780 --> 00:58:42,620
there are people in the screen,

927
00:58:42,980 --> 00:58:44,560
they are interacting with each other,

928
00:58:45,220 --> 00:58:46,220
and down there

929
00:58:46,800 --> 00:58:47,480
you cry.

930
00:58:49,870 --> 00:58:50,830
You believe that

931
00:58:52,810 --> 00:58:55,130
what is happening on the screen is real,

932
00:58:55,670 --> 00:58:57,970
and that is why you shed a real tear,

933
00:58:58,530 --> 00:59:00,630
and you have real emotion.

934
00:59:02,270 --> 00:59:03,690
The suffering is real,

935
00:59:03,830 --> 00:59:04,690
the tear is real.

936
00:59:05,690 --> 00:59:06,970
But when you come up

937
00:59:08,410 --> 00:59:09,870
and you touch the screen,

938
00:59:10,630 --> 00:59:12,390
you don't see any person.

939
00:59:15,400 --> 00:59:17,220
It's only light, flickering light.

940
00:59:18,860 --> 00:59:20,280
You cannot talk to people,

941
00:59:20,740 --> 00:59:22,440
you cannot invite them to

942
00:59:23,520 --> 00:59:25,420
have tea, you cannot stop them,

943
00:59:25,520 --> 00:59:26,640
you cannot ask a question,

944
00:59:27,020 --> 00:59:28,400
because this is not real,

945
00:59:28,600 --> 00:59:30,120
this is only a movie.

946
00:59:32,080 --> 00:59:36,320
Something not real and yet 
can create real suffering.

947
00:59:38,100 --> 00:59:41,560
The memories of the past are not real,

948
00:59:42,840 --> 00:59:45,180
not reality, they are only pictures,

949
00:59:45,860 --> 00:59:47,980
and every time you watch the picture,

950
00:59:48,540 --> 00:59:49,180
you suffer.

951
00:59:50,900 --> 00:59:55,660
And that is why we are advised 
not to go back to the past,

952
00:59:56,060 --> 00:59:57,540
and live in the past,

953
00:59:57,660 --> 00:59:58,660
get caught in the past.

954
00:59:59,420 --> 01:00:04,600
And that is part of the practice of 
living in the present moment.

955
01:00:05,480 --> 01:00:05,980
Mindfulness

956
01:00:06,680 --> 01:00:09,060
is to learn to live in the present moment,

957
01:00:09,680 --> 01:00:12,320
not to allow ourselves to slip back

958
01:00:12,900 --> 01:00:15,460
to the past in order to relive

959
01:00:15,460 --> 01:00:17,320
the past one time,

960
01:00:17,460 --> 01:00:18,600
two times, three times.

961
01:00:19,580 --> 01:00:20,940
If you have suffered in the past,

962
01:00:21,180 --> 01:00:25,960
and if you continue to to suffer,

963
01:00:30,420 --> 01:00:32,860
if we go back to

964
01:00:34,160 --> 01:00:34,760
to watch the film,

965
01:00:35,680 --> 01:00:38,100
we suffer again and again and again.

966
01:00:40,640 --> 01:00:42,500
Suppose you are a boat person,

967
01:00:43,820 --> 01:00:48,440
you have crossed the ocean and 
arrived safely and accepted into

968
01:00:49,620 --> 01:00:51,340
a third country.

969
01:00:52,790 --> 01:00:54,080
And you are now safe,

970
01:00:54,240 --> 01:00:54,920
you have a job.

971
01:00:56,000 --> 01:00:57,420
But you still have a picture

972
01:00:58,160 --> 01:01:00,080
of the ocean where

973
01:01:02,520 --> 01:01:04,860
you navigated as a boat person.

974
01:01:05,900 --> 01:01:08,020
Every time you see the ocean,

975
01:01:08,900 --> 01:01:09,440
you suffer,

976
01:01:10,500 --> 01:01:11,000
because

977
01:01:11,940 --> 01:01:13,540
at that time you risk

978
01:01:15,160 --> 01:01:18,140
to sink at any time and devoured by

979
01:01:19,380 --> 01:01:20,420
the fish.

980
01:01:23,800 --> 01:01:24,720
Because crossing

981
01:01:25,360 --> 01:01:27,180
the ocean is very risky,

982
01:01:28,180 --> 01:01:30,820
and hundreds of thousands of 
boat people have died in the sea.

983
01:01:31,780 --> 01:01:33,460
So you still have that memory,

984
01:01:33,700 --> 01:01:35,140
you still have that picture taken.

985
01:01:37,000 --> 01:01:39,220
And that picture, every time you look,

986
01:01:40,020 --> 01:01:41,500
you feel the suffering again.

987
01:01:42,240 --> 01:01:42,920
But in fact,

988
01:01:44,660 --> 01:01:45,980
it is only a picture.

989
01:01:47,260 --> 01:01:48,640
You can get drowned,

990
01:01:48,780 --> 01:01:49,840
you can die in the ocean,

991
01:01:50,220 --> 01:01:51,740
but you cannot die in a picture.

992
01:01:54,990 --> 01:01:57,930
So something not real can create real suffering.

993
01:01:59,530 --> 01:02:02,330
And that is why we should tell ourselves,

994
01:02:02,830 --> 01:02:04,850
we should tell the child, the suffering,

995
01:02:05,230 --> 01:02:06,330
the wounded child in us,

996
01:02:06,690 --> 01:02:08,790
that she should not suffer anymore.

997
01:02:09,730 --> 01:02:10,230
We should

998
01:02:11,230 --> 01:02:12,690
take her hand

999
01:02:13,890 --> 01:02:16,790
and invite her to come to the present moment,

1000
01:02:17,310 --> 01:02:21,410
and to witness to all the wonders of life 
that are available in the present moment.

1001
01:02:21,810 --> 01:02:22,890
Come with me, dear one.

1002
01:02:23,750 --> 01:02:24,610
We have grown up.

1003
01:02:25,210 --> 01:02:26,570
We are no longer afraid.

1004
01:02:27,730 --> 01:02:29,590
We can defend ourselves.

1005
01:02:30,410 --> 01:02:31,830
We are no longer vulnerable.

1006
01:02:32,190 --> 01:02:33,110
We are no longer

1007
01:02:34,230 --> 01:02:34,790
fragile.

1008
01:02:36,800 --> 01:02:38,120
Don't be afraid anymore.

1009
01:02:38,300 --> 01:02:39,160
You have to teach

1010
01:02:39,160 --> 01:02:41,160
the child in you.

1011
01:02:41,660 --> 01:02:47,180
You have to invite him or her to come with you 
and live your life in the present moment.

1012
01:02:47,640 --> 01:02:48,720
That is the practice.

1013
01:02:49,200 --> 01:02:50,410
That is mindfulness.

1014
01:02:51,580 --> 01:02:52,080
Mindfulness

1015
01:02:52,640 --> 01:02:54,680
is not to allow ourselves

1016
01:02:55,400 --> 01:02:56,380
to get lost,

1017
01:02:57,120 --> 01:02:58,020
to be caught

1018
01:02:58,640 --> 01:03:00,240
in the memories of the past.

1019
01:03:01,460 --> 01:03:03,460
Of course, we can study the past,

1020
01:03:03,960 --> 01:03:06,040
but we are grounded in the present moment.

1021
01:03:06,680 --> 01:03:09,880
We are grounded, well grounded in the present moment.

1022
01:03:10,080 --> 01:03:12,410
We can study the past without being

1023
01:03:13,340 --> 01:03:13,940
sucked

1024
01:03:14,840 --> 01:03:16,340
and overwhelmed by the past.

1025
01:03:17,630 --> 01:03:19,400
The same thing is true with the future.

1026
01:03:20,260 --> 01:03:26,180
We can bring the future back to the present moment 
and study the future and make plans for the future.

1027
01:03:26,540 --> 01:03:28,260
But we don't have to get lost

1028
01:03:29,060 --> 01:03:30,620
in the fear,

1029
01:03:31,260 --> 01:03:33,820
in the uncertainty concerning the future.

1030
01:03:38,060 --> 01:03:40,040
Because the future has not yet come.

1031
01:03:40,780 --> 01:03:41,760
It's only a ghost.

1032
01:03:43,420 --> 01:03:45,560
And the past is already gone.

1033
01:03:45,700 --> 01:03:46,900
It's also a ghost.

1034
01:03:47,200 --> 01:03:47,700
Why,

1035
01:03:47,800 --> 01:03:48,920
to live with ghosts?

1036
01:03:50,320 --> 01:03:54,040
We have to live with reality. 
And that is right mindfulness.

1037
01:03:57,110 --> 01:03:59,550
So if you have a friend

1038
01:04:01,030 --> 01:04:02,130
who suffers,

1039
01:04:03,290 --> 01:04:05,290
who sheds tears, who has strong emotions,

1040
01:04:06,170 --> 01:04:08,470
when situations are unsafe,

1041
01:04:09,010 --> 01:04:12,530
you have to help him, to help her.

1042
01:04:13,470 --> 01:04:14,450
My dear friend,

1043
01:04:14,750 --> 01:04:16,790
you are on safe ground.

1044
01:04:17,290 --> 01:04:18,990
Everything is okay now.

1045
01:04:19,770 --> 01:04:21,730
Why do you continue to suffer?

1046
01:04:22,530 --> 01:04:23,690
Don't go back to the past.

1047
01:04:23,750 --> 01:04:24,710
It's only a phantom.

1048
01:04:25,910 --> 01:04:27,090
It's unreal.

1049
01:04:36,970 --> 01:04:37,470
And

1050
01:04:37,900 --> 01:04:40,350
every time we are aware

1051
01:04:40,880 --> 01:04:42,130
that these are only

1052
01:04:43,030 --> 01:04:44,670
movies and pictures,

1053
01:04:45,210 --> 01:04:46,070
not reality,

1054
01:04:46,390 --> 01:04:46,890
we are free.

1055
01:04:48,130 --> 01:04:49,730
And that is the practice of mindfulness.

1056
01:04:52,240 --> 01:04:54,220
Yesterday we spoke about

1057
01:04:57,000 --> 01:04:57,720
many

1058
01:04:59,620 --> 01:05:02,520
pairs of opposites as views,

1059
01:05:03,520 --> 01:05:06,720
like the views of being

1060
01:05:08,440 --> 01:05:10,100
and the views of

1061
01:05:11,020 --> 01:05:12,020
non-being,

1062
01:05:18,820 --> 01:05:20,000
the view of birth

1063
01:05:26,360 --> 01:05:27,680
and of death.

1064
01:05:31,930 --> 01:05:33,950
This morning when we speak about

1065
01:05:34,590 --> 01:05:35,350
the cloud

1066
01:05:35,930 --> 01:05:37,290
and the sheet of paper,

1067
01:05:38,150 --> 01:05:42,810
we learned that the nature of the cloud 
as well as the nature of

1068
01:05:43,690 --> 01:05:47,490
the sheet of paper is the 
nature of no birth and no death.

1069
01:05:48,510 --> 01:05:49,070
Overcoming

1070
01:05:52,720 --> 01:05:54,620
the notion of birth and death

1071
01:05:55,180 --> 01:05:56,580
and you have non-fear.

1072
01:06:03,700 --> 01:06:05,240
The notion of being

1073
01:06:06,400 --> 01:06:11,280
and the notion of non-being also 
can create a lot of fear.

1074
01:06:14,990 --> 01:06:16,910
Right view consists in overcoming

1075
01:06:17,780 --> 01:06:20,650
both notions, being and non-being.

1076
01:06:21,740 --> 01:06:23,680
And it is possible to observe,

1077
01:06:23,860 --> 01:06:25,500
to meditate in order to overcome.

1078
01:06:29,230 --> 01:06:29,830
Suppose

1079
01:06:30,680 --> 01:06:32,070
we speak about

1080
01:06:38,040 --> 01:06:39,150
a little flame.

1081
01:07:00,900 --> 01:07:04,000
We speak about the little flame that the

1082
01:07:05,480 --> 01:07:06,760
match can produce.

1083
01:07:11,980 --> 01:07:15,380
And we can do a little meditation on the flame

1084
01:07:18,830 --> 01:07:21,350
about the notion of being and non-being.

1085
01:07:23,110 --> 01:07:26,270
We know that it's possible to 
help the flame to manifest.

1086
01:07:27,190 --> 01:07:28,350
There are conditions

1087
01:07:29,350 --> 01:07:30,610
so that the flame

1088
01:07:31,890 --> 01:07:34,210
can manifest as a flame.

1089
01:07:35,110 --> 01:07:37,370
Before the sheet of paper appeared,

1090
01:07:38,070 --> 01:07:41,450
we know that the sheet of paper 
has been there in its condition.

1091
01:07:43,550 --> 01:07:48,370
So we know that the flame is 
hidden somewhere in the matchbox.

1092
01:07:50,270 --> 01:07:54,490
And we know that the flame is 
hidden also outside of the matchbox.

1093
01:07:56,190 --> 01:07:58,210
Because out here there is

1094
01:07:58,910 --> 01:07:59,590
oxygen.

1095
01:08:00,810 --> 01:08:04,630
And oxygen is a very important 
condition for the flame to

1096
01:08:05,630 --> 01:08:06,250
manifest.

1097
01:08:06,490 --> 01:08:07,230
Without oxygen

1098
01:08:11,980 --> 01:08:13,560
the flame cannot manifest.

1099
01:08:15,340 --> 01:08:19,420
And my finger may serve 
as one of the causes,

1100
01:08:19,960 --> 01:08:22,640
one of the conditions to 
help the flame manifest.

1101
01:08:23,740 --> 01:08:25,880
So we can already talk to the flame.

1102
01:08:26,920 --> 01:08:28,040
My dear little flame,

1103
01:08:28,540 --> 01:08:30,060
I know you are there somewhere.

1104
01:08:31,100 --> 01:08:32,940
Manifest yourself so that I can see.

1105
01:08:37,010 --> 01:08:39,170
We know that you are already there,

1106
01:08:39,570 --> 01:08:43,490
even if you don't perceive 
you in the form of a flame.

1107
01:08:45,290 --> 01:08:47,810
So before the manifestation of the flame,

1108
01:08:48,250 --> 01:08:48,790
should we

1109
01:08:49,710 --> 01:08:50,730
qualify it as

1110
01:08:51,330 --> 01:08:52,190
non-existing,

1111
01:08:52,730 --> 01:08:53,230
non-being?

1112
01:09:04,560 --> 01:09:05,260
With our

1113
01:09:06,020 --> 01:09:07,820
practice of looking deeply,

1114
01:09:09,100 --> 01:09:10,660
we see that everything

1115
01:09:11,720 --> 01:09:12,480
manifests

1116
01:09:13,080 --> 01:09:14,300
based on conditions.

1117
01:09:14,300 --> 01:09:14,800
Conditions.

1118
01:09:16,140 --> 01:09:17,320
This flower,

1119
01:09:21,860 --> 01:09:23,460
she comes from a seed,

1120
01:09:24,650 --> 01:09:25,920
from a cutting,

1121
01:09:26,580 --> 01:09:28,340
from the soil, from the sunshine,

1122
01:09:29,600 --> 01:09:31,100
from

1123
01:09:33,080 --> 01:09:34,120
from the cloud,

1124
01:09:34,940 --> 01:09:36,820
from the gardener,

1125
01:09:37,340 --> 01:09:37,840
etc.

1126
01:09:40,220 --> 01:09:43,680
And she is made of non-flower elements.

1127
01:09:45,300 --> 01:09:46,500
If we send back

1128
01:09:46,500 --> 01:09:49,360
the cloud to the sky,

1129
01:09:49,620 --> 01:09:50,420
if we send back

1130
01:09:51,300 --> 01:09:52,840
the soil to the earth,

1131
01:09:53,340 --> 01:09:54,220
if we send back

1132
01:09:55,140 --> 01:09:56,060
the seed,

1133
01:09:56,580 --> 01:09:58,340
there is no flower left.

1134
01:09:59,020 --> 01:10:01,960
So a flower is made only 
of non-flower elements.

1135
01:10:03,140 --> 01:10:05,180
And looking into the flower you can see

1136
01:10:05,180 --> 01:10:11,660
all the conditions that have 
come together and help the flower

1137
01:10:12,260 --> 01:10:13,120
to manifest.

1138
01:10:13,700 --> 01:10:15,600
A flower cannot exist

1139
01:10:15,600 --> 01:10:18,580
outside of her conditions.

1140
01:10:19,680 --> 01:10:21,540
So the flame is the same.

1141
01:10:24,000 --> 01:10:25,700
When conditions are sufficient,

1142
01:10:26,760 --> 01:10:27,860
the flame manifests.

1143
01:10:33,680 --> 01:10:37,640
So it is possible for a meditator 
to already see the flame

1144
01:10:38,180 --> 01:10:39,620
before its manifestation.

1145
01:10:40,520 --> 01:10:41,440
That is why I say,

1146
01:10:41,740 --> 01:10:45,310
my dear flame, I know you are 
somewhere there already.

1147
01:10:46,200 --> 01:10:47,560
So please manifest.

1148
01:10:49,040 --> 01:10:50,540
And the flame tells us

1149
01:10:51,090 --> 01:10:51,720
it's okay.

1150
01:10:53,500 --> 01:10:54,140
Thay,

1151
01:10:56,340 --> 01:11:01,360
the sangha, if you help me with the last

1152
01:11:02,440 --> 01:11:03,940
condition, I will manifest.

1153
01:11:08,090 --> 01:11:11,310
And then we are providing the last condition,

1154
01:11:11,590 --> 01:11:13,930
which is a movement of my fingers.

1155
01:11:14,950 --> 01:11:15,450
And

1156
01:11:16,410 --> 01:11:17,970
the flame is manifested.

1157
01:11:22,020 --> 01:11:25,720
So you have the tendency to 
call the flame existing now.

1158
01:11:25,720 --> 01:11:26,220
No,

1159
01:11:27,260 --> 01:11:29,320
the flame is in the realm of being.

1160
01:11:32,070 --> 01:11:35,510
But we tend to think also that before manifesting,

1161
01:11:36,430 --> 01:11:39,570
the flame belongs to the realm of non-being.

1162
01:11:43,750 --> 01:11:45,750
But reality transcends both

1163
01:11:46,310 --> 01:11:47,850
notion of being and non-being.

1164
01:11:48,970 --> 01:11:53,610
Because we already know that 
before manifesting in its form,

1165
01:11:54,090 --> 01:11:56,770
the flame already is there in its condition.

1166
01:12:01,850 --> 01:12:03,530
So it is very important

1167
01:12:10,830 --> 01:12:12,070
to see,

1168
01:12:15,340 --> 01:12:16,900
to recognize the wrong view.

1169
01:12:17,080 --> 01:12:19,540
Suppose this is representing time.

1170
01:12:21,080 --> 01:12:24,680
And this point represents birth.

1171
01:12:25,520 --> 01:12:27,840
And this point represents death.

1172
01:12:32,230 --> 01:12:33,770
When someone is born

1173
01:12:34,770 --> 01:12:35,390
from B,

1174
01:12:36,910 --> 01:12:40,030
we believe that the segment before B

1175
01:12:42,150 --> 01:12:44,450
belongs to non-being

1176
01:12:44,920 --> 01:12:45,870
of that person.

1177
01:12:46,850 --> 01:12:48,750
That person did not exist

1178
01:12:49,650 --> 01:12:50,330
before B.

1179
01:12:51,930 --> 01:12:54,190
And when that person is born,

1180
01:12:55,170 --> 01:12:57,050
we make a birth certificate.

1181
01:12:57,290 --> 01:12:59,190
We certify that this person existed.

1182
01:13:00,210 --> 01:13:01,090
So this person

1183
01:13:01,810 --> 01:13:03,290
entered the realm of being.

1184
01:13:05,470 --> 01:13:07,130
And 100 years later,

1185
01:13:08,530 --> 01:13:09,270
hopefully, hopefully,

1186
01:13:13,610 --> 01:13:16,430
when that person comes to D,

1187
01:13:17,550 --> 01:13:20,670
then she passes from being to non-being

1188
01:13:22,130 --> 01:13:23,290
once again.

1189
01:13:24,230 --> 01:13:25,950
So that's our idea of

1190
01:13:28,690 --> 01:13:29,530
lifespan.

1191
01:13:31,090 --> 01:13:34,130
We only exist from B and D.

1192
01:13:35,190 --> 01:13:37,290
Before that, it was non-being.

1193
01:13:37,510 --> 01:13:40,590
So our idea is that from non-being,

1194
01:13:40,830 --> 01:13:42,130
we can pass into being.

1195
01:13:43,390 --> 01:13:47,130
And from being, we can pass 
into non-being again.

1196
01:13:48,030 --> 01:13:50,330
But when we meditate on the cloud,

1197
01:13:50,930 --> 01:13:52,190
we see that it's wrong.

1198
01:13:53,050 --> 01:13:56,370
A cloud has never passed 
from non-being to being.

1199
01:13:57,450 --> 01:13:59,690
And when the cloud disappears in the sky,

1200
01:14:00,110 --> 01:14:02,370
it does not pass from being to non-being.

1201
01:14:02,770 --> 01:14:03,930
It continues always.

1202
01:14:04,130 --> 01:14:08,290
So the nature of the cloud is 
the nature of no birth and no death.

1203
01:14:09,190 --> 01:14:12,050
So the nature of your beloved one is like that.

1204
01:14:12,230 --> 01:14:13,650
And you are like that also.

1205
01:14:15,150 --> 01:14:19,690
And when you transcend the notion,

1206
01:14:20,810 --> 01:14:23,570
the view of being and non-being,

1207
01:14:23,970 --> 01:14:24,890
you get the right view.

1208
01:14:26,430 --> 01:14:27,650
You get the right view.

1209
01:14:28,990 --> 01:14:31,610
And that is why we have said

1210
01:14:31,950 --> 01:14:34,850
that right view is the absence of all views,

1211
01:14:35,510 --> 01:14:37,670
including the view of birth and death,

1212
01:14:38,130 --> 01:14:39,430
being and non-being,

1213
01:14:39,990 --> 01:14:41,550
permanence and annihilation.

1214
01:14:56,120 --> 01:14:58,840
Suppose I want

1215
01:15:00,600 --> 01:15:03,440
to light this candle

1216
01:15:05,260 --> 01:15:08,740
using another candle, 
and I produce another flame.

1217
01:15:13,430 --> 01:15:15,490
And I would like to ask you, my dear friends,

1218
01:15:15,810 --> 01:15:16,550
this question.

1219
01:15:18,090 --> 01:15:18,890
As

1220
01:15:20,550 --> 01:15:21,730
whether this flame,

1221
01:15:22,770 --> 01:15:23,470
second flame,

1222
01:15:25,070 --> 01:15:29,610
is the same flame with the other 
or a totally different flame.

1223
01:15:34,840 --> 01:15:35,940
That is meditation.

1224
01:15:49,660 --> 01:15:53,900
When you take the family album and

1225
01:15:55,780 --> 01:15:58,860
look for your picture when 
you were five years old,

1226
01:16:00,240 --> 01:16:01,020
you see that

1227
01:16:01,670 --> 01:16:02,380
the young,

1228
01:16:03,740 --> 01:16:06,960
the little boy or the little girl

1229
01:16:08,780 --> 01:16:10,720
is so different from you now.

1230
01:16:14,000 --> 01:16:16,280
Are you the same with that little girl?

1231
01:16:17,880 --> 01:16:19,740
Or are you a different person?

1232
01:16:20,480 --> 01:16:21,960
You look so different.

1233
01:16:22,820 --> 01:16:25,640
As far as form is concerned,

1234
01:16:26,060 --> 01:16:28,240
feelings, you have very different feelings,

1235
01:16:28,460 --> 01:16:30,440
perception, mental formation and consciousness.

1236
01:16:30,440 --> 01:16:34,420
You are quite different from 
that little girl, that little boy.

1237
01:16:35,620 --> 01:16:38,200
So are you the same with that little girl,

1238
01:16:38,420 --> 01:16:40,740
or you are a totally different person?

1239
01:16:45,520 --> 01:16:49,140
So that is another set of notions

1240
01:16:53,230 --> 01:16:53,870
called

1241
01:16:56,970 --> 01:16:58,250
sameness, otherness.

1242
01:17:22,900 --> 01:17:23,580
In Chinese, Chinese

1243
01:17:36,960 --> 01:17:38,160
Not one,

1244
01:17:38,760 --> 01:17:40,140
not a different one.

1245
01:17:40,740 --> 01:17:41,600
Not the same,

1246
01:17:42,080 --> 01:17:42,740
not a different,

1247
01:17:43,680 --> 01:17:45,020
totally different one.

1248
01:17:52,800 --> 01:17:55,980
The other day we spoke about the seed of corn

1249
01:17:56,900 --> 01:17:58,660
and the young plant of corn.

1250
01:18:01,970 --> 01:18:03,910
And we can ask the young plant of corn,

1251
01:18:04,070 --> 01:18:05,310
are you the same

1252
01:18:05,930 --> 01:18:07,210
with the seed of corn

1253
01:18:07,990 --> 01:18:09,250
that I planted before?

1254
01:18:09,250 --> 01:18:14,510
Or are you a totally different entity?

1255
01:18:21,260 --> 01:18:22,440
The answer must be

1256
01:18:24,840 --> 01:18:26,200
you are neither the same

1257
01:18:27,720 --> 01:18:29,220
nor a different one.

1258
01:18:31,920 --> 01:18:32,700
You are

1259
01:18:33,260 --> 01:18:36,180
neither the same with that 
little girl in the picture,

1260
01:18:37,160 --> 01:18:40,900
but you are not entirely a different person.

1261
01:18:42,600 --> 01:18:44,520
So the notion of

1262
01:18:46,320 --> 01:18:47,800
sameness and otherness

1263
01:18:48,940 --> 01:18:53,880
is also a couple of notions that you have to 
transcend in order to get the right view.

1264
01:19:23,460 --> 01:19:26,380
The other day we spoke about 
the father and the son.

1265
01:19:29,180 --> 01:19:32,460
The son might believe that he 
is a totally different person.

1266
01:19:35,470 --> 01:19:40,210
It's like the plant of corn does not believe 
that he has come from a seed of corn.

1267
01:19:41,070 --> 01:19:45,090
But the hard fact is the son is 
the continuation of the father.

1268
01:19:46,310 --> 01:19:47,810
And he is his father.

1269
01:19:49,550 --> 01:19:53,950
It's like the plant of corn is the 
continuation of the seed of corn.

1270
01:19:54,110 --> 01:19:55,330
He is the seed of corn.

1271
01:19:58,580 --> 01:19:59,840
And the fact is that

1272
01:20:01,560 --> 01:20:02,960
the notion of

1273
01:20:03,760 --> 01:20:07,460
sameness and otherness should be 
transcended for you to see the truth.

1274
01:20:09,480 --> 01:20:10,910
Now we come to a

1275
01:20:12,840 --> 01:20:15,560
pair of notions that is so

1276
01:20:18,620 --> 01:20:19,660
so crucial

1277
01:20:20,300 --> 01:20:21,880
in our studies of

1278
01:20:26,780 --> 01:20:27,740
right view,

1279
01:20:33,540 --> 01:20:34,820
subject and object.

1280
01:20:44,440 --> 01:20:46,100
When we speak of a perception,

1281
01:20:48,560 --> 01:20:49,060
in fact,

1282
01:20:50,640 --> 01:20:54,500
in the Sutra of Mindful Breathing,

1283
01:20:55,300 --> 01:20:59,180
there are four exercises of mindful 
breathing to help with our perception.

1284
01:21:00,080 --> 01:21:01,780
To correct a perception,

1285
01:21:02,360 --> 01:21:06,080
to transcend all wrong perceptions 
so that you can get the right view.

1286
01:21:06,980 --> 01:21:09,860
That's the last four 
exercises of mindful breathing.

1287
01:21:10,760 --> 01:21:14,740
Hopefully we have the time 
to treat these four last exercises.

1288
01:21:19,080 --> 01:21:22,280
We usually believe that 
there is a consciousness,

1289
01:21:23,980 --> 01:21:27,320
which is the subject of perception.

1290
01:21:29,080 --> 01:21:30,660
And the world out there

1291
01:21:30,700 --> 01:21:32,780
as the object of our perception.

1292
01:21:33,380 --> 01:21:35,060
And these two things are different.

1293
01:21:38,600 --> 01:21:40,460
There is consciousness in here,

1294
01:21:41,720 --> 01:21:42,360
and there is

1295
01:21:43,010 --> 01:21:44,460
the world out there

1296
01:21:45,420 --> 01:21:46,840
as object of our consciousness.

1297
01:21:47,800 --> 01:21:48,640
And science,

1298
01:21:50,440 --> 01:21:53,400
philosophy and science begin by that.

1299
01:22:00,220 --> 01:22:02,020
And in the Buddha's teaching,

1300
01:22:03,280 --> 01:22:04,300
that is

1301
01:22:05,330 --> 01:22:06,500
the basic error.

1302
01:22:10,120 --> 01:22:11,460
That is the basic error.

1303
01:22:11,800 --> 01:22:12,980
This is very important

1304
01:22:13,800 --> 01:22:15,520
in the teaching of the Buddha.

1305
01:22:20,680 --> 01:22:22,480
When you practice mindful breathing,

1306
01:22:24,280 --> 01:22:25,480
breathing in,

1307
01:22:25,800 --> 01:22:26,640
I'm aware

1308
01:22:27,360 --> 01:22:28,400
of my in-breath.

1309
01:22:31,320 --> 01:22:33,960
You practice in such a way 
that you are no longer

1310
01:22:34,560 --> 01:22:35,320
an observer.

1311
01:22:37,600 --> 01:22:40,160
You practice in such a way 
that you calm your in-breath.

1312
01:22:41,800 --> 01:22:43,220
You become a participant,

1313
01:22:44,580 --> 01:22:45,440
no longer

1314
01:22:46,640 --> 01:22:47,160
an

1315
01:22:48,640 --> 01:22:49,680
outside observer.

1316
01:22:54,100 --> 01:22:56,060
In the teaching of the Buddha,

1317
01:22:56,320 --> 01:22:58,200
you see that there are six

1318
01:23:00,760 --> 01:23:03,560
sense organs, which are eyes,

1319
01:23:10,690 --> 01:23:11,890
ears,

1320
01:23:12,710 --> 01:23:13,370
nose,

1321
01:23:14,590 --> 01:23:15,090
tongue,

1322
01:23:17,210 --> 01:23:18,210
body,

1323
01:23:20,650 --> 01:23:21,150
and mind.

1324
01:23:21,850 --> 01:23:24,610
Mind is also

1325
01:23:26,820 --> 01:23:27,440
an organ,

1326
01:23:28,360 --> 01:23:28,860
mental,

1327
01:23:29,680 --> 01:23:30,900
our mental consciousness.

1328
01:23:33,300 --> 01:23:36,060
These five are rather physiological,

1329
01:23:36,560 --> 01:23:37,920
and this is mental.

1330
01:23:37,920 --> 01:23:38,700
Mental.

1331
01:23:39,980 --> 01:23:42,120
And the object of eyes is form,

1332
01:23:45,040 --> 01:23:45,540
sound,

1333
01:23:48,160 --> 01:23:48,660
smell,

1334
01:23:51,660 --> 01:23:52,200
taste,

1335
01:23:55,500 --> 01:23:56,000
touch.

1336
01:23:57,980 --> 01:23:58,480
And,

1337
01:23:59,660 --> 01:24:00,480
please help,

1338
01:24:05,580 --> 01:24:06,080
dharma.

1339
01:24:10,600 --> 01:24:13,400
In Buddhism, Dharma with

1340
01:24:14,360 --> 01:24:17,020
capital D means the teaching of the Buddha.

1341
01:24:19,380 --> 01:24:26,020
And dharma with the little d means object of

1342
01:24:27,440 --> 01:24:28,280
the mind.

1343
01:24:29,640 --> 01:24:31,140
Object of the mind.

1344
01:24:32,080 --> 01:24:34,400
Not an objective reality.

1345
01:24:36,770 --> 01:24:39,150
The world is just an object of mind.

1346
01:24:44,160 --> 01:24:45,400
So the twelve

1347
01:24:54,440 --> 01:24:55,540
include everything.

1348
01:25:03,730 --> 01:25:04,230
In fact,

1349
01:25:04,770 --> 01:25:05,870
we are taught that

1350
01:25:06,410 --> 01:25:09,750
eyes and form bring about eyes consciousness,

1351
01:25:12,740 --> 01:25:14,300
ears consciousness,

1352
01:25:16,200 --> 01:25:17,460
nose consciousness,

1353
01:25:19,720 --> 01:25:20,220
tongue

1354
01:25:24,400 --> 01:25:25,660
consciousness,

1355
01:25:28,160 --> 01:25:29,240
body consciousness,

1356
01:25:31,810 --> 01:25:33,050
and mind consciousness.

1357
01:25:41,910 --> 01:25:43,750
Mind consciousness includes

1358
01:25:45,230 --> 01:25:46,890
object and

1359
01:25:47,690 --> 01:25:48,330
subject.

1360
01:25:51,130 --> 01:25:52,930
When we perceive something,

1361
01:25:58,180 --> 01:26:01,580
that something is the object 
of our consciousness.

1362
01:26:02,060 --> 01:26:02,880
This is a subject,

1363
01:26:03,200 --> 01:26:03,980
this is object,

1364
01:26:04,500 --> 01:26:05,600
and subject and object,

1365
01:26:06,260 --> 01:26:10,480
they manifest at the 
same time and together.

1366
01:26:12,690 --> 01:26:13,210
So,

1367
01:26:13,650 --> 01:26:15,290
in the Buddhist literature,

1368
01:26:15,510 --> 01:26:16,690
when you hear the word dharma,

1369
01:26:16,970 --> 01:26:20,010
you have to understand right away 
that it is the object of mind,

1370
01:26:21,490 --> 01:26:22,130
and not

1371
01:26:23,930 --> 01:26:26,830
an objective reality outside.

1372
01:26:27,790 --> 01:26:30,050
When you see a mountain,

1373
01:26:30,690 --> 01:26:33,670
that mountain is the object 
of your perception,

1374
01:26:34,090 --> 01:26:34,630
of your mind.

1375
01:26:35,790 --> 01:26:36,670
Not something

1376
01:26:38,350 --> 01:26:40,570
separate from your consciousness.

1377
01:26:40,830 --> 01:26:42,250
This is very important.

1378
01:26:45,250 --> 01:26:47,270
Because to see always,

1379
01:26:48,250 --> 01:26:49,010
to see something,

1380
01:26:49,910 --> 01:26:51,610
always means to see something.

1381
01:26:52,010 --> 01:26:52,890
To hear

1382
01:26:53,470 --> 01:26:56,450
means always to hear something.

1383
01:26:56,830 --> 01:26:58,150
You cannot hear nothing.

1384
01:26:59,310 --> 01:27:00,550
You have to hear something,

1385
01:27:00,690 --> 01:27:01,790
you have to see something,

1386
01:27:01,890 --> 01:27:03,070
you have to think of something.

1387
01:27:04,510 --> 01:27:05,330
And the mind,

1388
01:27:06,010 --> 01:27:06,930
the object of mind,

1389
01:27:07,090 --> 01:27:10,290
can be form, sound, smell, taste, touch,

1390
01:27:11,570 --> 01:27:12,090
whatever,

1391
01:27:14,950 --> 01:27:15,690
an idea,

1392
01:27:16,650 --> 01:27:17,550
an image,

1393
01:27:18,670 --> 01:27:19,610
and so on.

1394
01:27:21,250 --> 01:27:22,790
So if you believe

1395
01:27:22,790 --> 01:27:30,070
that there is a subjective consciousness 
that exists separately from

1396
01:27:30,350 --> 01:27:33,030
the object of your consciousness,

1397
01:27:35,690 --> 01:27:40,610
if you believe that there is 
an external world that exists

1398
01:27:41,290 --> 01:27:44,030
separately from your consciousness,

1399
01:27:45,410 --> 01:27:46,410
you are caught

1400
01:27:46,990 --> 01:27:50,230
in a kind of error called double

1401
01:27:51,010 --> 01:27:52,590
grasping,

1402
01:27:54,700 --> 01:27:55,600
double

1403
01:27:56,820 --> 01:27:57,940
grasping.

1404
01:28:01,140 --> 01:28:02,260
[ Nhị thủ, 二取 ]

1405
01:28:06,550 --> 01:28:10,490
Because you are caught by this and by this 
as two different things.

1406
01:28:12,390 --> 01:28:14,930
So right view is the possibility,

1407
01:28:15,630 --> 01:28:18,310
is possible only when you overcome

1408
01:28:19,250 --> 01:28:23,030
the view of subject and object as two separate

1409
01:28:24,350 --> 01:28:25,070
entities.

1410
01:28:31,550 --> 01:28:35,650
I think modern science is on 
the verge of touching this truth.

1411
01:28:39,630 --> 01:28:42,210
Many scientists began to speak about

1412
01:28:44,690 --> 01:28:45,860
you can no longer

1413
01:28:46,700 --> 01:28:48,860
remain an observer standing outside.

1414
01:28:49,660 --> 01:28:51,140
You have to go in,

1415
01:28:51,880 --> 01:28:53,020
you have to become

1416
01:28:54,070 --> 01:28:56,280
a participant in order to hope,

1417
01:28:57,750 --> 01:28:59,040
to understand something.

1418
01:29:05,810 --> 01:29:09,030
And the world you think that 
is something that is not you,

1419
01:29:09,630 --> 01:29:12,770
the world that you observe is yourself.

1420
01:29:17,370 --> 01:29:20,630
The mountain, the river, the sky, the stars,

1421
01:29:22,390 --> 01:29:25,070
everything is the object of your consciousness,

1422
01:29:28,660 --> 01:29:29,540
is your consciousness.

1423
01:29:35,100 --> 01:29:36,220
They say that sometimes

1424
01:29:37,400 --> 01:29:38,980
appear like a wave,

1425
01:29:40,500 --> 01:29:43,320
and sometimes else appear

1426
01:29:44,240 --> 01:29:45,160
like a particle.

1427
01:29:46,260 --> 01:29:48,660
According to our way of inquiry, inquiry,

1428
01:29:51,360 --> 01:29:53,220
if we inquire in such a way

1429
01:29:54,080 --> 01:29:54,940
and then

1430
01:29:55,920 --> 01:29:57,260
in terms of particle,

1431
01:29:57,580 --> 01:29:59,360
it appears to us as a particle.

1432
01:30:00,160 --> 01:30:04,620
But we inquire in terms of wave 
and then the particle,

1433
01:30:05,800 --> 01:30:09,440
that particle will appear to us as a wave.

1434
01:30:10,740 --> 01:30:13,100
So it is possible

1435
01:30:14,220 --> 01:30:17,620
to call it whether a wave or a particle.

1436
01:30:19,760 --> 01:30:20,560
And that particle

1437
01:30:21,640 --> 01:30:24,220
can be everywhere at the same time.

1438
01:30:27,450 --> 01:30:28,290
It's like your mind.

1439
01:30:35,520 --> 01:30:36,920
There is a well-known British

1440
01:30:39,520 --> 01:30:40,200
astronomer,

1441
01:30:45,870 --> 01:30:46,470
physicist,

1442
01:30:49,020 --> 01:30:51,160
Arthur Stanley Eddington.

1443
01:30:52,360 --> 01:30:54,200
He said something like this.

1444
01:30:55,160 --> 01:30:57,200
We are on a trip to discover

1445
01:30:59,940 --> 01:31:02,480
and we come to a shore.

1446
01:31:03,240 --> 01:31:06,100
We are able to reach a shore of the unknown.

1447
01:31:07,540 --> 01:31:10,420
A place where nobody has been there.

1448
01:31:12,880 --> 01:31:17,720
And we are very surprised to see 
the footprints of someone left there.

1449
01:31:20,330 --> 01:31:21,050
Before that,

1450
01:31:21,810 --> 01:31:24,170
we didn't believe that anyone has come here,

1451
01:31:24,790 --> 01:31:25,290
because

1452
01:31:26,610 --> 01:31:29,150
this is the territory of the unknown.

1453
01:31:30,090 --> 01:31:33,790
And yet someone has left his footprints there.

1454
01:31:34,330 --> 01:31:35,350
So surprising.

1455
01:31:36,890 --> 01:31:39,530
So we come to have a deep look.

1456
01:31:42,640 --> 01:31:44,680
And we discover

1457
01:31:46,290 --> 01:31:51,430
how strange, it is our own footprints.

1458
01:31:54,570 --> 01:31:55,890
It's our own footprints.

1459
01:31:58,410 --> 01:32:01,390
As in the way a modern physicist said,

1460
01:32:05,980 --> 01:32:06,700
the world,

1461
01:32:07,240 --> 01:32:09,420
the so-called objective world,

1462
01:32:09,920 --> 01:32:10,940
it is our mind.

1463
01:32:11,720 --> 01:32:13,320
It's the object of our mind.

1464
01:32:13,640 --> 01:32:15,660
And the Buddha said it in the very beginning.

1465
01:32:16,780 --> 01:32:18,680
Dharma is the object of mind.

1466
01:32:19,590 --> 01:32:23,040
In the Sutra on the Four Foundations of Mindfulness,

1467
01:32:23,700 --> 01:32:26,280
you study four realms.

1468
01:32:27,500 --> 01:32:28,080
Body,

1469
01:32:29,440 --> 01:32:29,960
feelings,

1470
01:32:30,720 --> 01:32:31,220
mind,

1471
01:32:31,420 --> 01:32:32,460
and object of mind.

1472
01:32:32,780 --> 01:32:33,540
Not reality.

1473
01:32:34,840 --> 01:32:35,340
Not

1474
01:32:37,400 --> 01:32:38,840
objective reality.

1475
01:32:41,950 --> 01:32:43,770
And scientists

1476
01:32:46,170 --> 01:32:49,190
of our time are making

1477
01:32:49,190 --> 01:32:54,470
an effort in order to overcome what we call

1478
01:32:56,110 --> 01:32:57,550
double grasping.

1479
01:32:59,330 --> 01:33:02,070
And if scientists can overcome the double grasping,

1480
01:33:05,000 --> 01:33:05,660
no longer,

1481
01:33:07,120 --> 01:33:10,630
if they no longer discriminate between the

1482
01:33:12,840 --> 01:33:14,280
consciousness in here

1483
01:33:15,170 --> 01:33:18,080
and the reality of the world

1484
01:33:18,080 --> 01:33:19,940
out there,

1485
01:33:20,320 --> 01:33:21,260
and then they have a chance.

1486
01:33:25,530 --> 01:33:26,630
There's a very beautiful

1487
01:33:28,940 --> 01:33:29,590
chapter

1488
01:33:31,100 --> 01:33:34,620
in this book I would like to read to you.

1489
01:33:35,160 --> 01:33:35,840
We need a Pooh

1490
01:33:37,940 --> 01:33:39,160
on this subject.

1491
01:33:39,580 --> 01:33:42,960
I'd like to invite a volunteer to come and read.

1492
01:33:43,660 --> 01:33:46,420
One of you has a good British accent.

1493
01:33:59,080 --> 01:33:59,580
Please.

1494
01:34:03,120 --> 01:34:06,280
Because Pooh bear discovered also some footprints.

1495
01:34:18,110 --> 01:34:23,510
In which Pooh and Piglet go hunting 
and nearly catch a woozle.

1496
01:34:25,440 --> 01:34:29,980
The piglet lived in a very grand house 
in the middle of a beech tree.

1497
01:34:30,800 --> 01:34:33,320
And the beech tree was 
in the middle of the forest.

1498
01:34:34,400 --> 01:34:37,120
And the piglet lived in the middle of the house.

1499
01:34:38,400 --> 01:34:42,300
Next to his house was a 
piece of broken board which had

1500
01:34:43,220 --> 01:34:45,040
Trespasses W on it.

1501
01:34:46,060 --> 01:34:49,400
When Christopher Robin asked 
the piglet what it meant,

1502
01:34:49,970 --> 01:34:55,100
he said it was his grandfather's name and 
had been in the family for a long time.

1503
01:34:56,480 --> 01:34:57,420
Christopher Robin said,

1504
01:34:57,880 --> 01:35:00,640
you couldn't be called Trespasses W.

1505
01:35:01,540 --> 01:35:02,620
And piglet said,

1506
01:35:03,100 --> 01:35:03,600
yes,

1507
01:35:03,980 --> 01:35:04,580
you could.

1508
01:35:05,160 --> 01:35:09,700
Because his grandfather was and 
it was short for Trespasses Will.

1509
01:35:10,500 --> 01:35:13,160
Which was short for Trespasses William.

1510
01:35:13,920 --> 01:35:18,680
And his grandfather had two names 
in a case in case he lost one.

1511
01:35:19,240 --> 01:35:24,260
Trespasses after an uncle, 
and William after Trespasses.

1512
01:35:26,180 --> 01:35:27,820
I've got two names,

1513
01:35:28,300 --> 01:35:29,760
said Christopher Robin carelessly.

1514
01:35:30,980 --> 01:35:31,480
Well,

1515
01:35:31,840 --> 01:35:32,540
there you are.

1516
01:35:32,640 --> 01:35:33,480
That proves it,

1517
01:35:33,800 --> 01:35:34,320
said Piglet.

1518
01:35:35,420 --> 01:35:41,360
One fine winter's day when Piglet was 
brushing away the snow in front of his house.

1519
01:35:42,060 --> 01:35:43,300
He happened to look up.

1520
01:35:43,920 --> 01:35:45,480
And there was Winnie the Pooh.

1521
01:35:45,480 --> 01:35:49,580
Pooh was walking round and round in a circle.

1522
01:35:50,880 --> 01:35:52,400
Thinking of something else.

1523
01:35:53,320 --> 01:35:54,880
And when Piglet called to him,

1524
01:35:55,220 --> 01:35:56,680
he just went on walking.

1525
01:35:57,520 --> 01:35:58,020
Hello,

1526
01:35:58,360 --> 01:35:59,000
said Piglet.

1527
01:35:59,420 --> 01:36:00,760
What are you doing?

1528
01:36:01,860 --> 01:36:02,380
Hunting,

1529
01:36:02,740 --> 01:36:03,320
said Pooh.

1530
01:36:04,060 --> 01:36:04,860
Hunting what?

1531
01:36:06,100 --> 01:36:10,100
Tracking something, said Winnie the Pooh, 
very mysteriously.

1532
01:36:11,560 --> 01:36:12,280
Tracking what?

1533
01:36:12,660 --> 01:36:14,080
Said Piglet coming closer.

1534
01:36:15,480 --> 01:36:18,460
That's just, that's just what I ask myself.

1535
01:36:18,960 --> 01:36:20,620
I ask myself what?

1536
01:36:23,490 --> 01:36:25,130
What do you think you will answer?

1537
01:36:26,740 --> 01:36:29,550
I shall have to wait until I catch up with it,

1538
01:36:29,990 --> 01:36:30,930
said Winnie the Pooh.

1539
01:36:32,370 --> 01:36:34,230
Now, look there.

1540
01:36:35,310 --> 01:36:37,610
He pointed to the ground in front of him.

1541
01:36:38,610 --> 01:36:40,090
What do you see?

1542
01:36:41,750 --> 01:36:42,250
Tracks,

1543
01:36:42,610 --> 01:36:43,330
said Piglet.

1544
01:36:44,630 --> 01:36:45,730
Paw marks.

1545
01:36:46,690 --> 01:36:48,710
He gave a little squeak of excitement.

1546
01:36:48,910 --> 01:36:49,410
Oh,

1547
01:36:49,510 --> 01:36:50,010
Pooh,

1548
01:36:50,210 --> 01:36:52,110
do you think it's a woozle?

1549
01:36:53,470 --> 01:36:55,010
It may be,

1550
01:36:55,350 --> 01:36:55,890
said Pooh.

1551
01:36:56,570 --> 01:36:57,910
Sometimes it is.

1552
01:36:58,370 --> 01:37:00,150
And sometimes it isn't.

1553
01:37:00,930 --> 01:37:03,490
You can never tell with paw marks.

1554
01:37:04,830 --> 01:37:06,630
With these few words,

1555
01:37:06,710 --> 01:37:07,810
he went on tracking.

1556
01:37:08,570 --> 01:37:12,270
And Piglet, after watching him for 
a minute or two, ran after him.

1557
01:37:13,070 --> 01:37:15,270
Winnie the Pooh had come to a sudden stop

1558
01:37:15,270 --> 01:37:19,370
and was bending over the tracks 
in a puzzled sort of way.

1559
01:37:20,410 --> 01:37:21,510
What's the matter?

1560
01:37:21,910 --> 01:37:22,670
asked Piglet.

1561
01:37:23,490 --> 01:37:26,770
It's a very funny thing, said Bear.

1562
01:37:27,210 --> 01:37:31,430
But there seem to be two animals now.

1563
01:37:34,760 --> 01:37:36,960
This is whatever it was,

1564
01:37:37,380 --> 01:37:40,560
has been joined by whatever it is.

1565
01:37:41,480 --> 01:37:44,820
And the two of them are now proceeding in company.

1566
01:37:46,040 --> 01:37:48,160
Would you mind coming with me,

1567
01:37:48,480 --> 01:37:52,600
Piglet, in case they turn out to be hostile animals?

1568
01:37:57,120 --> 01:38:00,000
Piglet scratched his ear in a nice sort of way

1569
01:38:00,090 --> 01:38:03,020
and said that he had nothing to do until Friday

1570
01:38:03,020 --> 01:38:06,720
and would be delighted to come 
in case it really was a woozle.

1571
01:38:08,280 --> 01:38:09,320
You mean,

1572
01:38:09,620 --> 01:38:12,500
in case it really is two woozles,

1573
01:38:12,680 --> 01:38:13,460
said Winnie the Pooh.

1574
01:38:14,260 --> 01:38:16,440
And Piglet said that,

1575
01:38:16,720 --> 01:38:18,480
anyhow, he had nothing to do until Friday.

1576
01:38:18,640 --> 01:38:20,060
And so off they went together.

1577
01:38:21,400 --> 01:38:24,840
There was a small spinny of 
larch trees just here

1578
01:38:24,840 --> 01:38:26,980
and it seemed as if the two woozles,

1579
01:38:27,280 --> 01:38:28,960
if that is what they were,

1580
01:38:29,200 --> 01:38:30,900
had been going round this spinny.

1581
01:38:31,080 --> 01:38:34,260
So round this spinny went 
Pooh and Piglet after them.

1582
01:38:34,920 --> 01:38:37,100
Piglet, passing the time by telling Pooh

1583
01:38:37,100 --> 01:38:39,980
what his grandfather Trespasses W had done

1584
01:38:39,980 --> 01:38:42,760
to remove stiffness after tracking,

1585
01:38:43,620 --> 01:38:45,700
and how his grandfather Trespasses W

1586
01:38:45,700 --> 01:38:49,420
had suffered in his later years 
from shortness of breath

1587
01:38:49,420 --> 01:38:51,300
and other matters of interest.

1588
01:38:51,980 --> 01:38:54,720
And Pooh wondering what a grandfather was like

1589
01:38:54,720 --> 01:39:00,760
and if perhaps this was two grandfathers 
they were after now and if so,

1590
01:39:01,080 --> 01:39:03,860
whether he would be allowed 
to take one home and keep it

1591
01:39:03,860 --> 01:39:05,760
and what Christopher Robin would say.

1592
01:39:06,800 --> 01:39:09,560
And still the tracks went on in front of them.

1593
01:39:10,740 --> 01:39:11,300
Suddenly,

1594
01:39:11,840 --> 01:39:14,800
Winnie the Pooh stopped and 
pointed excitedly in front of him.

1595
01:39:15,380 --> 01:39:15,940
Look!

1596
01:39:17,140 --> 01:39:17,640
What?

1597
01:39:17,840 --> 01:39:18,800
said Piglet with a jump.

1598
01:39:19,760 --> 01:39:21,520
And then, to show he hadn't been frightened,

1599
01:39:21,680 --> 01:39:23,420
he jumped up and down once more,

1600
01:39:23,720 --> 01:39:24,800
once or twice more

1601
01:39:24,800 --> 01:39:26,540
in an exercising sort of way.

1602
01:39:27,820 --> 01:39:29,720
The tracks, said Pooh.

1603
01:39:30,320 --> 01:39:33,540
A third animal has joined the other two.

1604
01:39:34,920 --> 01:39:36,300
Pooh! cried Piglet.

1605
01:39:36,580 --> 01:39:38,340
Do you think it's another woozle?

1606
01:39:39,120 --> 01:39:39,800
No,

1607
01:39:40,300 --> 01:39:40,820
said Pooh,

1608
01:39:41,400 --> 01:39:43,400
because it makes different marks.

1609
01:39:44,080 --> 01:39:45,780
It's either two woozles,

1610
01:39:46,300 --> 01:39:48,020
one as it might be whizzle

1611
01:39:48,020 --> 01:39:53,090
or two as it might be whizzles 
and one if it is woozle.

1612
01:39:54,160 --> 01:39:55,480
Let's continue to follow them.

1613
01:39:56,660 --> 01:40:00,020
So they went on feeling just a little anxious now

1614
01:40:00,020 --> 01:40:04,420
in case the three animals in 
front of them were of hostile intent.

1615
01:40:06,120 --> 01:40:09,960
And Piglet wished very much 
that his grandfather T.W.

1616
01:40:10,080 --> 01:40:11,440
were there instead of elsewhere.

1617
01:40:11,980 --> 01:40:14,360
And Pooh thought how nice it would be

1618
01:40:14,360 --> 01:40:17,520
if they met Christopher Robin 
suddenly but quite accidentally

1619
01:40:17,520 --> 01:40:20,940
and only because he liked 
Christopher Robin so much.

1620
01:40:21,420 --> 01:40:22,720
And then all of a sudden,

1621
01:40:23,220 --> 01:40:24,640
Winnie the Pooh stopped again

1622
01:40:24,640 --> 01:40:28,180
and licked the tip of his nose in a cooling manner

1623
01:40:28,180 --> 01:40:32,280
for he was feeling more hot and anxious 
than ever in his life before.

1624
01:40:33,620 --> 01:40:36,840
There were four animals in front of them.

1625
01:40:38,160 --> 01:40:39,280
Do you see, Piglet?

1626
01:40:39,700 --> 01:40:40,680
Look at their tracks,

1627
01:40:41,160 --> 01:40:42,560
three as it were woozles

1628
01:40:42,800 --> 01:40:44,460
and one as it were whizzle,

1629
01:40:44,920 --> 01:40:46,740
another woozle has joined them.

1630
01:40:47,700 --> 01:40:48,720
And so it seemed to be.

1631
01:40:49,400 --> 01:40:52,160
There were the tracks crossing over each other.

1632
01:40:53,400 --> 01:40:56,020
Here, getting quite muddled up with each other there

1633
01:40:56,020 --> 01:40:58,400
but quite plainly every now and then

1634
01:40:58,400 --> 01:41:01,120
the tracks of four sets of paw marks.

1635
01:41:02,420 --> 01:41:05,800
I think, said Piglet when he 
licked the tip of his nose too

1636
01:41:05,800 --> 01:41:07,940
and found it brought very little comfort.

1637
01:41:08,680 --> 01:41:11,080
I think that I've just remembered something.

1638
01:41:11,420 --> 01:41:14,300
I have just remembered something 
that I forgot to do yesterday

1639
01:41:14,300 --> 01:41:15,960
and shan't be able to do tomorrow.

1640
01:41:16,240 --> 01:41:18,760
So I suppose I really ought to 
go back and do it now.

1641
01:41:21,230 --> 01:41:24,550
Well, do it this afternoon and 
I'll come with you, said Pooh.

1642
01:41:25,850 --> 01:41:29,330
It is the sort of thing you can't do 
in the afternoon, said Piglet quickly.

1643
01:41:30,090 --> 01:41:32,730
It's a very particular morning thing 
that has to be done in the morning.

1644
01:41:33,310 --> 01:41:35,200
And if possible between the hours of...

1645
01:41:35,650 --> 01:41:37,150
What would you say the time was?

1646
01:41:38,650 --> 01:41:40,530
About 12, said Winnie the Pooh,

1647
01:41:40,610 --> 01:41:41,270
looking at the sun.

1648
01:41:41,870 --> 01:41:42,910
Between, as I was saying,

1649
01:41:42,990 --> 01:41:44,910
the hours of 12 and 12.05.

1650
01:41:46,410 --> 01:41:49,470
So really, dear old Pooh, if you'll excuse me.

1651
01:41:50,250 --> 01:41:51,010
What's that?

1652
01:41:51,970 --> 01:41:55,330
Pooh looked up at the sky and then 
as he heard the whistle again

1653
01:41:55,330 --> 01:41:58,050
he looked up into the branches 
of a big oak tree

1654
01:41:58,230 --> 01:42:00,390
and then he saw a friend of his.

1655
01:42:01,290 --> 01:42:03,290
It's Christopher Robin, he said.

1656
01:42:04,490 --> 01:42:06,890
Ah, then you'll be all right, said Piglet.

1657
01:42:07,270 --> 01:42:08,810
You'll be quite safe with him.

1658
01:42:09,230 --> 01:42:09,730
Goodbye.

1659
01:42:10,250 --> 01:42:13,050
And he trotted off home as quickly as he could,

1660
01:42:13,570 --> 01:42:16,230
very glad to be out of all danger again.

1661
01:42:17,990 --> 01:42:20,970
Christopher Robin came slowly down his tree.

1662
01:42:22,730 --> 01:42:24,110
Silly old bear, he said.

1663
01:42:24,570 --> 01:42:26,090
What were you doing?

1664
01:42:26,750 --> 01:42:29,170
First you went round the spinny twice by yourself

1665
01:42:29,170 --> 01:42:31,310
and then Piglet ran after you

1666
01:42:31,310 --> 01:42:33,610
and you went round again together

1667
01:42:33,610 --> 01:42:36,370
and then you were just going round a fourth time.

1668
01:42:38,940 --> 01:42:40,700
Wait a moment, said Winnie the Pooh,

1669
01:42:40,840 --> 01:42:41,820
holding up his paw.

1670
01:42:42,680 --> 01:42:47,640
He sat down and thought in the most 
thoughtful way he could think.

1671
01:42:49,610 --> 01:42:52,850
Then he fitted his paw into one of the tracks

1672
01:42:52,850 --> 01:42:56,070
and then he scratched his nose twice and stood up.

1673
01:42:58,730 --> 01:42:59,230
Yes,

1674
01:42:59,570 --> 01:43:00,510
said Winnie the Pooh.

1675
01:43:02,130 --> 01:43:03,750
I see now,

1676
01:43:04,110 --> 01:43:04,870
said Winnie the Pooh.

1677
01:43:05,610 --> 01:43:08,550
I have been foolish and deluded, he said,

1678
01:43:09,210 --> 01:43:12,410
and I'm a bear of no brain at all.

1679
01:43:13,590 --> 01:43:16,050
You're the best bear in all the world,

1680
01:43:16,130 --> 01:43:17,530
said Christopher Robin soothingly.

1681
01:43:18,590 --> 01:43:20,490
Am I, said Pooh, hopefully.

1682
01:43:21,610 --> 01:43:22,870
And then he brightened up suddenly.

1683
01:43:24,490 --> 01:43:25,330
Anyhow, he said,

1684
01:43:25,630 --> 01:43:27,070
it's nearly luncheon time.

1685
01:43:27,630 --> 01:43:28,950
So he went home for it.

1686
01:43:37,370 --> 01:43:41,570
When we meet the terrorist,

1687
01:43:46,620 --> 01:43:49,760
we see that he has the intention to punish,

1688
01:43:50,500 --> 01:43:51,540
to kill.

1689
01:43:57,020 --> 01:43:59,840
And we tell him that it's not good,

1690
01:44:00,140 --> 01:44:00,640
killing.

1691
01:44:10,140 --> 01:44:11,880
But he doesn't listen to us.

1692
01:44:18,810 --> 01:44:22,470
There must be a way of helping him

1693
01:44:22,470 --> 01:44:25,610
to see that killing is not right.

1694
01:44:29,440 --> 01:44:32,900
So the first mindfulness training is to protect life.

1695
01:44:33,640 --> 01:44:34,600
And not to kill.

1696
01:44:38,450 --> 01:44:41,630
But if we just advise people not to kill,

1697
01:44:42,150 --> 01:44:44,270
that may not be enough.

1698
01:44:46,600 --> 01:44:47,940
We have to inspire them.

1699
01:44:50,140 --> 01:44:51,420
We have to help them to understand

1700
01:44:52,840 --> 01:44:56,800
that killing someone is killing yourself.

1701
01:45:00,750 --> 01:45:04,530
If you are inhabited by the insight of interbeing,

1702
01:45:05,850 --> 01:45:10,970
you know that killing someone is killing yourself.

1703
01:45:15,730 --> 01:45:22,370
And that is why the first mindfulness training, 
not to kill,

1704
01:45:23,070 --> 01:45:24,690
to always protect life,

1705
01:45:25,230 --> 01:45:28,070
should not be just a commandment.

1706
01:45:28,550 --> 01:45:31,370
Someone tells you that it's a good thing to do.

1707
01:45:32,270 --> 01:45:36,350
But you have to understand why you shouldn't do it.

1708
01:45:37,530 --> 01:45:42,970
Because if you touch the insight of interbeing,

1709
01:45:45,640 --> 01:45:49,700
if you are free of the double grasping,

1710
01:45:50,540 --> 01:45:54,160
and you see very clearly that 
killing him is to kill yourself,

1711
01:45:58,480 --> 01:46:01,120
and the intention to kill is no longer there.

1712
01:46:02,760 --> 01:46:05,160
Until you help the terrorist to see that,

1713
01:46:07,650 --> 01:46:10,230
you cannot transform his anger,

1714
01:46:11,110 --> 01:46:11,850
his suffering.

1715
01:46:14,550 --> 01:46:16,590
Because he thinks that killing and destroying

1716
01:46:16,590 --> 01:46:18,330
is the only way to get a relief.

1717
01:46:18,970 --> 01:46:20,230
You have to punish,

1718
01:46:21,030 --> 01:46:22,430
because that is your enemy.

1719
01:46:23,250 --> 01:46:25,210
That is the enemy of mankind.

1720
01:46:26,230 --> 01:46:28,630
That is the enemy of your civilization,

1721
01:46:29,570 --> 01:46:31,150
and so on.

1722
01:46:33,420 --> 01:46:34,900
So that is why we have to present

1723
01:46:34,960 --> 01:46:37,600
the first mindfulness training in such a way

1724
01:46:37,600 --> 01:46:41,320
that helps people to see that fanaticism,

1725
01:46:42,280 --> 01:46:43,840
to be caught in a view,

1726
01:46:44,780 --> 01:46:47,780
to be caught in an ideology or an idea.

1727
01:46:48,820 --> 01:46:50,200
You can be a killer,

1728
01:46:53,150 --> 01:46:55,190
because you believe that killing is good.

1729
01:46:56,470 --> 01:46:58,010
Killing is something you need.

1730
01:47:00,590 --> 01:47:03,330
And a person who is free from all views,

1731
01:47:04,330 --> 01:47:07,010
a person who is capable of seeing that

1732
01:47:07,010 --> 01:47:08,730
everything is everything else,

1733
01:47:12,640 --> 01:47:15,840
will never have the desire to kill anymore.

1734
01:47:19,020 --> 01:47:20,580
So you don't have to enforce.

1735
01:47:23,170 --> 01:47:25,570
And that is why the mindfulness trainings

1736
01:47:25,570 --> 01:47:27,530
have to be presented in such a way

1737
01:47:28,550 --> 01:47:32,030
that can help the people to 
get the insight of interbeing.

1738
01:47:32,930 --> 01:47:36,110
They can help the people to see that,

1739
01:47:36,670 --> 01:47:37,790
to be caught in a view,

1740
01:47:38,350 --> 01:47:39,810
whether that is a doctrine,

1741
01:47:40,430 --> 01:47:41,490
an ideology,

1742
01:47:41,810 --> 01:47:42,810
or a dogma.

1743
01:47:44,810 --> 01:47:48,030
You are still caught in the double grasping.

1744
01:47:48,690 --> 01:47:49,910
You are not free,

1745
01:47:50,890 --> 01:47:53,050
and your action cannot be right.

1746
01:47:55,890 --> 01:47:58,610
Otherwise, the person will continue to think,

1747
01:47:59,070 --> 01:48:01,050
to believe that his action is right,

1748
01:48:01,490 --> 01:48:02,850
in the name of God,

1749
01:48:02,850 --> 01:48:06,230
in the name of the best of ideologies,

1750
01:48:06,810 --> 01:48:08,150
in the name of best view.

1751
01:48:09,790 --> 01:48:11,190
And in the Buddhist tradition,

1752
01:48:11,750 --> 01:48:13,110
as we have seen it,

1753
01:48:13,490 --> 01:48:15,810
right view is the absence,

1754
01:48:16,470 --> 01:48:18,590
is the removal of all views.

1755
01:48:20,910 --> 01:48:22,030
So our work,

1756
01:48:22,610 --> 01:48:26,030
our working together for a global ethic,

1757
01:48:28,280 --> 01:48:30,820
should be in the line of thinking that

1758
01:48:30,820 --> 01:48:36,380
our ethic should be an ethic 
without dogmas, without views.

1759
01:48:37,820 --> 01:48:41,820
And the Prajnaparamita Heart Sutra is the beacon.

1760
01:48:42,780 --> 01:48:44,600
It's the light that shines on it.

1761
01:48:45,140 --> 01:48:47,080
We have to transcend all kinds of views

1762
01:48:47,820 --> 01:48:50,700
in order to have the real insight.

1763
01:48:51,820 --> 01:48:52,660
And with that insight,

1764
01:48:52,940 --> 01:48:54,580
there will be non-discrimination,

1765
01:48:55,500 --> 01:48:56,100
tolerance,

1766
01:48:56,980 --> 01:48:58,000
brotherhood, sisterhood.

1767
01:48:58,920 --> 01:49:02,060
And then the practice of 
the five mindfulness trainings

1768
01:49:02,060 --> 01:49:03,160
will be true practice.

1769
01:49:03,160 --> 01:49:09,100
Because there is no one 
imposing the trainings on us,

1770
01:49:09,400 --> 01:49:10,360
asking us to practice.

1771
01:49:10,900 --> 01:49:12,920
Because we see that that is our path,

1772
01:49:13,420 --> 01:49:14,340
that is our joy,

1773
01:49:14,940 --> 01:49:16,020
that is our compassion,

1774
01:49:16,240 --> 01:49:17,020
that is our love.

1775
01:49:18,480 --> 01:49:21,500
So please help with this.

1776
01:49:23,560 --> 01:49:28,260
Sister Pine has been joined with her brother,

1777
01:49:30,160 --> 01:49:30,660
Michelle,

1778
01:49:31,200 --> 01:49:31,700
brother,

1779
01:49:32,380 --> 01:49:33,640
sister Anh Huong.

1780
01:49:39,770 --> 01:49:43,700
And we need those of you who

1781
01:49:48,370 --> 01:49:50,530
have the talent of editing

1782
01:49:50,530 --> 01:49:56,770
in order to work on a revised version 
of the five mindfulness trainings.

1783
01:50:01,010 --> 01:50:01,850
Where is she?

1784
01:50:16,060 --> 01:50:17,240
In Upper Hamlet.

1785
01:50:20,120 --> 01:50:21,640
Here is Sister Pine.

1786
01:50:25,930 --> 01:50:26,890
Michelle, please come.

1787
01:50:29,970 --> 01:50:30,810
Anh Huong, come.

1788
01:50:32,410 --> 01:50:38,710
And Sister Kinh Nghiem proposed 
a sister in the Lower Hamlet.

1789
01:50:38,850 --> 01:50:40,330
Her name is

1790
01:50:44,010 --> 01:50:45,310
Tri

1791
01:50:47,260 --> 01:50:47,760
Nghiem.

1792
01:50:47,880 --> 01:50:48,620
Tri Nghiem, come.

1793
01:50:51,630 --> 01:50:52,810
Anh Huong, come.

1794
01:50:55,100 --> 01:50:56,640
We need some more volunteers.

1795
01:51:01,980 --> 01:51:07,160
You know that during the winter retreat we have 
already worked during three months on this.

1796
01:51:07,900 --> 01:51:10,460
And during the French retreat we have continued.

1797
01:51:12,140 --> 01:51:15,880
And we continue with this retreat,

1798
01:51:16,680 --> 01:51:18,060
collective meditation,

1799
01:51:18,620 --> 01:51:19,680
collective insight,

1800
01:51:20,480 --> 01:51:27,040
in order to offer a new version of the five 
trainings that can be used by non-Buddhists.

1801
01:51:33,850 --> 01:51:35,190
Is sister Anh Huong here? Please come.

1802
01:51:46,900 --> 01:51:50,460
And we have actually a working version

1803
01:51:52,160 --> 01:51:57,520
of the five trainings,

1804
01:52:05,470 --> 01:52:12,450
so that we can have the input from everyone.

1805
01:52:17,120 --> 01:52:23,540
So the first training and all the other trainings
also should include the practice of

1806
01:52:24,200 --> 01:52:27,360
we should not be caught in views,

1807
01:52:32,320 --> 01:52:35,900
in the dualistic way of seeing things,

1808
01:52:39,550 --> 01:52:43,510
so that we can remove all discrimination and fear.

1809
01:52:45,410 --> 01:52:50,290
And that is the foundation of 
the practice of the training.

1810
01:52:54,050 --> 01:52:55,970
So the training becomes a joy.

1811
01:52:59,250 --> 01:53:01,770
The training becomes our love, our life,

1812
01:53:02,630 --> 01:53:03,850
our happiness.

1813
01:53:04,930 --> 01:53:06,850
And not something we have to do.

1814
01:53:08,330 --> 01:53:17,810
It's like when we refrain from polluting

1815
01:53:19,510 --> 01:53:21,110
the planet,

1816
01:53:21,930 --> 01:53:26,370
when we refrain from eating much

1817
01:53:28,320 --> 01:53:31,440
of the flesh of animals,

1818
01:53:31,960 --> 01:53:34,340
we don't feel that we have to suffer.

1819
01:53:34,740 --> 01:53:42,360
In fact we feel that we are very happy to 
be able to consume and to live in such a way

1820
01:53:42,840 --> 01:53:48,000
that makes the future for the planet to be possible.

1821
01:53:48,880 --> 01:53:50,640
So that is our love, our joy.

1822
01:53:51,740 --> 01:53:56,260
And the five mindfulness trainings 
should be presented in such a way.

1823
01:53:56,440 --> 01:53:57,940
Sister Tung Nghiem, you may say something.

1824
01:54:26,860 --> 01:54:28,360
Dear respected teacher,

1825
01:54:28,740 --> 01:54:30,120
dear noble community,

1826
01:54:34,090 --> 01:54:37,270
we enjoyed very much during 
this past winter retreat,

1827
01:54:38,210 --> 01:54:43,950
listening to Dharma talks of 
Thay about the global ethic

1828
01:54:43,950 --> 01:54:47,350
and the cream of the Buddhist teaching

1829
01:54:47,350 --> 01:54:51,510
and what we can contribute to a

1830
01:54:54,000 --> 01:54:56,960
to a direction that everyone can say,

1831
01:54:57,280 --> 01:54:58,720
yes, this is the way I want to go.

1832
01:55:02,290 --> 01:55:07,210
And we also had the chance to do 
the same during the French retreat.

1833
01:55:09,290 --> 01:55:13,190
After the winter retreat we made one draft,

1834
01:55:13,430 --> 01:55:16,270
a new revision in February,

1835
01:55:16,270 --> 01:55:25,530
and then after the French retreat we had 
a group of monastic and lay practitioners

1836
01:55:25,710 --> 01:55:29,370
who sat together and made a revision in French.

1837
01:55:32,130 --> 01:55:35,390
And very recently, just before this retreat started,

1838
01:55:36,170 --> 01:55:38,110
we made another draft in English.

1839
01:55:39,290 --> 01:55:42,690
So I think this is the working draft 
that Thay is speaking of now.

1840
01:55:42,690 --> 01:55:48,770
But we are very happy to have 
so many deep looking friends

1841
01:55:48,950 --> 01:55:53,130
and brothers and sisters here right now 
who can sit together again

1842
01:55:53,690 --> 01:56:04,650
and find the most inspiring possible words

1843
01:56:04,830 --> 01:56:08,470
for a world that is suffering 
and looking for a way out.

1844
01:56:09,730 --> 01:56:10,510
Thank you.

1845
01:56:10,720 --> 01:56:11,370
Is

1846
01:56:16,900 --> 01:56:21,260
it possible for your group to report to us 
from time to time during the retreat?

1847
01:56:21,540 --> 01:56:22,280
Yes, of course, dear Thay.

1848
01:56:22,520 --> 01:56:23,920
And ask for inputs.

1849
01:56:24,600 --> 01:56:25,080
Yes.

1850
01:56:25,080 --> 01:56:26,900
And we also have...

1851
01:56:26,900 --> 01:56:30,060
I heard that there were some other 
friends in Lower Hamlet, Miriam,

1852
01:56:30,760 --> 01:56:32,160
and I heard Peggy also.

1853
01:56:33,980 --> 01:56:37,720
And I think there were at least one or two 
other people that I've heard about

1854
01:56:37,720 --> 01:56:38,680
and there may be others.

1855
01:56:39,260 --> 01:56:40,780
Yes. Feel free to invite them.

1856
01:56:43,890 --> 01:56:48,690
So of course, yes, we will be very 
happy to share our progress with Thay.

1857
01:57:04,200 --> 01:57:06,200
And you are planning to meet when?

1858
01:57:08,490 --> 01:57:10,130
Yes, that's the question.

1859
01:57:11,270 --> 01:57:16,510
When we can meet from the three hamlets.

1860
01:57:18,670 --> 01:57:20,930
I don't know if Thay has an idea for us.

1861
01:57:22,190 --> 01:57:24,910
Thay has also already many ideas.

1862
01:57:31,540 --> 01:57:36,160
I will try to come up with an approach,

1863
01:57:36,500 --> 01:57:42,560
a proposal, and I will send to the other Hamlets 
for their announcements this evening.

1864
01:57:45,000 --> 01:57:46,110
Okay.