[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.19,0:00:10.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Norman McLaren, the great 20th century pioneer of animation technique,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.92,0:00:13.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,once said, "Animation is not the art of drawings that move,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.79,0:00:15.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the art of movements that are drawn.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.85,0:00:18.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What happens between each frame is more important
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.21,0:00:20.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than what exists on each frame."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.42,0:00:22.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What did he mean?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.52,0:00:24.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, for an object to appear in motion,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.35,0:00:27.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it necessarily has to change in position over time.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.35,0:00:29.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If time passes and no change in position occurs,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.64,0:00:32.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the object will appear to be still.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.35,0:00:34.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This relationship between the passage of time
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.40,0:00:36.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the amount of change that occurs in that time
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.85,0:00:39.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is at the heart of every time-based art form,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.52,0:00:43.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,be it music, dance, or motion pictures.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.19,0:00:45.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Manipulating the speed and amount of change
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.16,0:00:47.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between the frames is the secret alchemy
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.35,0:00:51.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that gives animation the ability to convey the illusion of life.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.27,0:00:53.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In animation, there are two fundamental principles
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.29,0:00:54.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we use to do this:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.94,0:00:57.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,timing and spacing.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.46,0:00:59.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To illustrate the relationship between them,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.46,0:01:02.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we'll use a timeless example: the bouncing ball.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.37,0:01:04.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One way to think about timing
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.53,0:01:06.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that it's the speed, or tempo,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.69,0:01:08.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at which an action takes place.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.64,0:01:10.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We determine the speed of an action
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.14,0:01:13.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by how many pictures, or frames, it takes to happen.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.60,0:01:15.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The more frames something takes to happen,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.52,0:01:17.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the more time it spends on screen,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.19,0:01:20.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so the slower the action will be.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.70,0:01:23.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The fewer frames something takes to happen,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.16,0:01:25.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the less screen time it takes,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.49,0:01:28.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which gives us faster action.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.69,0:01:31.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The timing is about more than just speed,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.04,0:01:32.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's also about rhythm.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.91,0:01:34.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like a drumbeat or melody only exists
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.67,0:01:36.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when a song is being played,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.38,0:01:37.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the timing of an action
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.52,0:01:39.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only exists while it's happening.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.54,0:01:41.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can describe it in words,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.05,0:01:44.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,say, something will take 6 frames, 18 frames, or so on.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.97,0:01:46.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But to really get a sense of it,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.60,0:01:47.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you need to act it out
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.79,0:01:51.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or experience it as it would happen in, well, real time.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.34,0:01:52.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, the timing of an action
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.64,0:01:54.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all depends on the context of the scene
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.44,0:01:56.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what you're trying to communicate.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.69,0:01:59.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is doing the acting, and why?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.44,0:02:01.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's take our example.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.15,0:02:03.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What makes a ball bounce?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.15,0:02:04.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The action we're talking about here
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.40,0:02:07.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a result of interacting physical forces,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.17,0:02:09.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a moving ball's tendency to stay in motion,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.03,0:02:10.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or its force of momentum
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.70,0:02:12.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,vs. the constant force of gravity
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.25,0:02:13.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bringing it back down Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.100,0:02:16.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The degree to which these invisible forces apply,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.04,0:02:18.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the reason why the ball behaves the way it does,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.21,0:02:21.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all depends on the physical properties of the ball.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.75,0:02:26.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A golf ball is small, hard and light.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.25,0:02:31.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A rubber ball is small, soft and lighter.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.17,0:02:35.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A beach ball is large, soft and light.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.50,0:02:39.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And a bowling ball is large, hard and heavy.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.86,0:02:41.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, each ball behaves very differently,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.67,0:02:44.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,according to its properties.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.15,0:02:50.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's get a sense of the visual rhythm of each.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.12,0:02:51.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each ball plays its own beat
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.95,0:02:53.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and tells us something about itself
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.12,0:03:05.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the time it takes to travel across the screen.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.88,0:03:09.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The visual rhythm of these hits is the timing.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.75,0:03:11.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, let's start animating our ball,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.42,0:03:14.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bouncing up and down with a simple cycle of drawings.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.58,0:03:16.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'll draw a circle here,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.17,0:03:18.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,call it point A, our starting point.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.48,0:03:22.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'll have it hit the ground here, point B.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.08,0:03:23.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's say it takes about a second
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.65,0:03:25.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to hit the ground and come back up again.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.98,0:03:29.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is our timing.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.03,0:03:31.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our spacing is where we position the circle
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.12,0:03:33.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the frames between point A and point B.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.92,0:03:35.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we were to move our ball
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.34,0:03:36.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in evenly-spaced increments,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.42,0:03:38.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we'd get something like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.50,0:03:41.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not really telling us anything about itself.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.67,0:03:44.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is it a bouncing ball or a circle on an elevator?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.88,0:03:46.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's look at our footage again
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.17,0:03:47.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and think about what's going on
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.30,0:03:50.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as each ball bounces.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.22,0:03:52.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Following each impact with the ground,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.17,0:03:53.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ball's upward momentum
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.50,0:03:55.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is eventually overcome by gravity.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.89,0:03:57.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This happens at the peak of each arc.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.83,0:03:59.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As things change direction,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.33,0:04:01.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the motion is slowest.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.10,0:04:03.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We see here the successive positions of the ball
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.15,0:04:04.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are close together.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.92,0:04:06.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The ball then speeds up as it falls,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.78,0:04:08.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and is at its fastest
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.11,0:04:10.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when it's approaching and hitting the ground.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.11,0:04:13.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can see here each position is further apart.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.25,0:04:14.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The change in position between frames
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.99,0:04:16.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the spacing.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.54,0:04:17.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The smaller the change,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.87,0:04:21.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the slower the action will appear.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.50,0:04:22.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The greater the change,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.58,0:04:26.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the faster it will appear.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.88,0:04:28.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For an action to decelerate,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.38,0:04:33.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,each change in position must be less than the change before it.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.26,0:04:35.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Likewise, for an action to speed up, or accelerate,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.65,0:04:39.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,each successive change must be greater.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.93,0:04:41.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's change the mechanical spacing
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.94,0:04:43.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of our animated bounce
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.40,0:04:45.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to reflect what we observed in the footage.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.82,0:04:50.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Slow at the top, fast when it's hitting the ground.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.96,0:04:52.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Simply by adjusting the spacing,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.86,0:04:54.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've succeeded in suggesting
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.56,0:04:56.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the forces of momentum and gravity at play
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.83,0:05:00.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and achieved a much more realistic motion.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.15,0:05:02.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Same timing but different spacing
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.29,0:05:06.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gives us vastly different results.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.38,0:05:07.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in reality, as a ball bounces,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.96,0:05:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the physics of gravity eventually defeat
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.00,0:05:12.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the tendency of the ball to stay in motion.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.55,0:05:14.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see this here in the decreasing height
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.38,0:05:16.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of each successive bounce.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.56,0:05:18.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, again, this decrease varies
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.80,0:05:20.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,according to the properties of the ball.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.64,0:05:23.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even though these circles are the same size here,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.44,0:05:25.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're each telling us a different story about themselves,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.69,0:05:30.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,purely in how they move.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.15,0:05:31.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The relationship between these principles
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.90,0:05:33.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of timing and spacing
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.40,0:05:35.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can be applied in countless ways
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.32,0:05:40.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and used to animate all types of action:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.39,0:05:43.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a yo-yo,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.87,0:05:46.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a punch,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.96,0:05:49.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a gentle tap,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.59,0:05:52.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a push,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.94,0:05:57.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a saw,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.02,0:06:03.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Sun traveling across the sky,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.02,0:06:05.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a pendulum.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.73,0:06:08.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Animation is a time-based art form.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.15,0:06:09.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It may incorporate the aesthetic elements
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.98,0:06:11.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of other graphic arts,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.27,0:06:12.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like illustration or painting,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.85,0:06:14.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but what sets animation apart
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.19,0:06:16.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that, here, what you see
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.02,0:06:18.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is less important that what you don't see.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.85,0:06:20.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An object's superficial appearance
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.27,0:06:22.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only tells us so much about itself.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.68,0:06:23.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's only when it's in motion
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.95,0:06:27.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we really understand its nature.