[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.43,0:00:01.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Voiceover: What I want to\Ntalk about in this video
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.93,0:00:05.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are the notions of Electronegativity,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.72,0:00:13.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,electro, negati, negativity,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.07,0:00:15.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a closely, and a closely related
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.69,0:00:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,idea of Electron Affinity,\Nelectron affinity.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.00,0:00:24.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they're so closely\Nrelated that in general,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.40,0:00:27.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if something has a high electronegativity,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.33,0:00:29.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they have a high electron affinity,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.72,0:00:31.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but what does this mean?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.23,0:00:34.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, electron affinity\Nis how much does that atom
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.35,0:00:37.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,attract electrons, how much\Ndoes it like electrons?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.70,0:00:41.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Does it want, does it\Nmaybe want more electrons?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.67,0:00:45.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Electronegativity is a\Nlittle bit more specific.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.28,0:00:49.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's when that atom is\Npart of a covalent bond,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.08,0:00:53.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when it is sharing\Nelectrons with another atom,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.33,0:00:55.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how likely is it or how badly does it want
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.89,0:00:58.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to hog the electrons\Nin that covalent bond?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.87,0:01:01.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now what do I mean by hogging electrons?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.84,0:01:03.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let me make, let me write this down.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.82,0:01:13.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how badly wants to hog,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.87,0:01:15.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is an informal\Ndefinition clearly,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.82,0:01:18.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hog electrons, keep the electrons,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.80,0:01:20.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to spend more of their time closer to them
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.97,0:01:23.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then to the other party\Nin the covalent bond.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.57,0:01:28.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is how, how\Nmuch they like electrons,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.26,0:01:32.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or how much affinity they\Nhave towards electrons.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.73,0:01:39.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how much they want electrons.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.67,0:01:41.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you can see that these are very,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.04,0:01:43.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these are very related notions.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.57,0:01:45.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is within the context\Nof a covalent bond,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.51,0:01:47.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how much electron affinity is there?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.73,0:01:50.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well this, you can think of it\Nas a slightly broader notion,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.10,0:01:54.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but these two trends go absolutely\Nin line with each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.05,0:01:55.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And to think about, to just think about
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.88,0:01:58.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,electronegativity makes it\Na little bit more tangible.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.08,0:01:59.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's think about one of the most famous
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.83,0:02:00.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sets of covalent bonds,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.86,0:02:03.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's what you see\Nin a water molecule.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.29,0:02:07.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Water, as you probably know, is H two O,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.98,0:02:11.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have an oxygen atom,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.17,0:02:13.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you have two hydrogens.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.93,0:02:17.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each of the hydrogen's\Nhave one valence electron,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.07,0:02:21.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the oxygen has, we see\Nhere, at it's outermost shell,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.10,0:02:25.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it has one, two, three, four,\Nfive, six valence electrons.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.60,0:02:31.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One, two, three, four,\Nfive, six valence electrons.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.18,0:02:33.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so you can imagine,\Nhydrogen would be happy
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.11,0:02:35.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if it was able to somehow\Npretend like it had another
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.40,0:02:37.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,electron then it would have\Nan electron configuration
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.79,0:02:41.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a stable, first shell that\Nonly requires two electrons,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.22,0:02:42.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the rest of them require eight,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.62,0:02:45.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hydrogen would feel, hey\NI'm stable like helium
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.21,0:02:46.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if it could get another electron.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.79,0:02:49.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And oxygen would feel,\Nhey I'm stable like neon
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.29,0:02:51.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if I could get two more electrons.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.16,0:02:53.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so what happens is they\Nshare each other's electrons.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.76,0:02:57.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This, this electron can\Nbe shared in conjunction
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.64,0:02:59.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with this electron for this hydrogen.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.21,0:03:01.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that hydrogen can kind\Nof feel like it's using
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.80,0:03:03.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both and it gets more stable,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.12,0:03:04.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it stabilizes the outer shell,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.68,0:03:06.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or it stabilizes the hydrogen.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.30,0:03:08.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And likewise, that electron could be,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.03,0:03:10.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can be shared with the hydrogen,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.49,0:03:13.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the hydrogen can kind\Nof feel more like helium.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.03,0:03:14.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then this oxygen can feel like
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.46,0:03:16.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's a quid pro quo,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.49,0:03:18.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's getting something in\Nexchange for something else.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.47,0:03:20.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's getting the electron, an electron,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.24,0:03:22.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's sharing an electron\Nfrom each of these hydrogens,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.86,0:03:26.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so it can feel like\Nit's, that it stabilizes it,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.65,0:03:30.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,similar to a, similar to a neon.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.26,0:03:32.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when you have these covalent bonds,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.45,0:03:34.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only in the case where they are equally
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.19,0:03:35.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,electronegative would you have a case
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.88,0:03:37.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where maybe they're sharing,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.20,0:03:38.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and even there what happens
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.48,0:03:40.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the rest of the molecule might matter,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.36,0:03:42.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but when you have something like this,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.32,0:03:43.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where you have oxygen and hydrogen,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.51,0:03:45.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they don't have the\Nsame electronegativity.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.52,0:03:49.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oxygen likes to hog electrons\Nmore than hydrogen does.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.76,0:03:51.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so these electrons are not gonna spend
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.42,0:03:52.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an even amount of time.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.62,0:03:54.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here I did it kind of just drawing these,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.64,0:03:57.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know, these valence\Nelectrons as these dots.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.94,0:03:59.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But as we know, the electrons are in this
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.49,0:04:03.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kind of blur around, around the,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.58,0:04:06.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around the actual nuclei,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.66,0:04:09.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around the atoms that make up the atoms.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.51,0:04:11.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, in this type of a covalent bond,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.97,0:04:15.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the electrons, the two electrons\Nthat this bond represents,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.46,0:04:18.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are going to spend more\Ntime around the oxygen
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.32,0:04:20.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then they are going to\Nspend around the hydrogen.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.83,0:04:23.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these, these two\Nelectrons are gonna spend
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.56,0:04:25.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more time around the oxygen,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.14,0:04:27.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then are going to spend\Naround the hydrogen.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.42,0:04:30.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we know that because\Noxygen is more electronegative,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.36,0:04:31.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we'll talk about\Nthe trends in a second.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.77,0:04:34.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a really important\Nidea in chemistry,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.66,0:04:36.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and especially later on as\Nyou study organic chemistry.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.92,0:04:39.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because, because we know that
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.09,0:04:40.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,oxygen is more electronegative,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.41,0:04:41.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the electrons spend more time
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.76,0:04:44.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around oxygen then around hydrogen,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.38,0:04:47.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it creates a partial\Nnegative charge on this side,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.14,0:04:50.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and partial positive charges\Non this side right over here,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.52,0:04:55.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is why water has many of\Nthe properties that it does,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.71,0:04:59.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we go into much more in\Ndepth in that in other videos.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.29,0:05:00.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And also when you study organic chemistry,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.98,0:05:02.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a lot of the likely reactions that are
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.83,0:05:04.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,going to happen can be predicted,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.74,0:05:06.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or a lot of the likely molecules that form
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.52,0:05:09.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can be predicted based\Non elecronegativity.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.83,0:05:10.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And especially when you start going
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.87,0:05:12.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into oxidation numbers\Nand things like that,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.40,0:05:15.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,electronegativity will tell you a lot.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.44,0:05:19.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So now that we know what\Nelectronegativity is,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.04,0:05:21.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let's think a little bit about what is,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.44,0:05:24.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as we go through, as we start,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.06,0:05:27.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as we go through, as\Nwe go through a period,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.88,0:05:29.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as say as we start in group one,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.69,0:05:35.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we go to group, and\Nas we go all the way
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.18,0:05:38.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the way to, let's say the halogens,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.46,0:05:42.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the way up to the yellow\Ncolumn right over here,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.70,0:05:44.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what do you think is going to be
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.13,0:05:47.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the trend for electronegativity?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.85,0:05:49.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And once again, one way to think about it
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.23,0:05:50.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to think about the extremes.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.63,0:05:53.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think about sodium, and\Nthink about chlorine,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.96,0:05:54.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I encourage you to pause
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.94,0:05:56.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the video and think about that.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.93,0:05:58.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Assuming you've had a go at it,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.62,0:06:01.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's in some ways the same idea,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.29,0:06:03.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or it's a similar idea\Nas ionization energy.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.54,0:06:06.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Something like sodium\Nhas only one electron
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.45,0:06:07.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in it's outer most shell.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.78,0:06:09.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It'd be hard for it to\Ncomplete that shell,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.86,0:06:12.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so to get to a stable\Nstate it's much easier
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.04,0:06:15.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for it to give away that\None electron that it has,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.71,0:06:18.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it can get to a stable\Nconfiguration like neon.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.69,0:06:22.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this one really wants\Nto give away an electron.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.62,0:06:24.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we saw in the video\Non ionization energy,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.67,0:06:26.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's why this has a\Nlow ionization energy,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.78,0:06:29.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it doesn't take much\Nenergy, in a gaseous state,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.59,0:06:32.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to remove an electron from sodium.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.20,0:06:33.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But chlorine is the opposite.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.62,0:06:35.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's only one away from\Ncompleting it's shell.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.71,0:06:37.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The last thing it wants to\Ndo is give away electron,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.58,0:06:40.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it wants an electron really,\Nreally, really, really badly
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.68,0:06:42.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it can get to a configuration of argon,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.94,0:06:45.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it can complete it's third shell.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.98,0:06:49.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the logic here is\Nthat sodium wouldn't mind
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.12,0:06:50.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,giving away an electron,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.58,0:06:52.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while chlorine really\Nwould love an electron.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.88,0:06:55.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So chlorine is more\Nlikely to hog electrons,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.47,0:06:59.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while sodium is very\Nunlikely to hog electrons.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.73,0:07:00.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this trend right here,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.95,0:07:02.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you go from the left to the right,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.50,0:07:04.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your electronegativity, let me write this,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.82,0:07:07.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your getting more electronegative.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.09,0:07:13.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,More electro, electronegative, as you,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.81,0:07:16.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as you go to the right.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.62,0:07:18.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now what do you think\Nthe trend is going to be
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.24,0:07:22.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as you go down, as you go down in a group?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.40,0:07:25.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What do you think the trend\Nis going to be as you go down?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.77,0:07:27.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well I'll give you a hint.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.25,0:07:31.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think about, think about\Natomic radii, and given that,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.25,0:07:31.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pause the video and think about
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.97,0:07:32.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what do you think the trend is?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.90,0:07:34.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Are we gonna get more\Nor less electronegative
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.75,0:07:36.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as we move down?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.87,0:07:39.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So once again I'm assuming\Nyou've given a go at it,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.27,0:07:41.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so as we know, from the\Nvideo on atomic radii,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.81,0:07:44.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our atom is getting larger,\Nand larger, and larger,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.09,0:07:46.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as we add more and more and more shells.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.19,0:07:50.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so cesium has one electron\Nin it's outer most shell,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.84,0:07:52.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the sixth shell,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.15,0:07:55.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while, say, lithium has one electron.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.85,0:07:57.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everything here, all\Nthe group one elements,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.62,0:07:59.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have one electron in\Nit's outer most shell,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.47,0:08:01.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that fifty fifth electron,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.75,0:08:03.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that one electron in the\Nouter most shell in cesium,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.28,0:08:05.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a lot further away then\Nthe outer most electron
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.81,0:08:08.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in lithium or in hydrogen.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.33,0:08:12.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so because of that, it's, well one,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.16,0:08:14.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's more interference\Nbetween that electron and the
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.46,0:08:16.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nucleus from all the other\Nelectrons in between them,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.79,0:08:18.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also it's just further away,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.40,0:08:20.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it's easier to kind of grab it off.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.51,0:08:24.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So cesium is very likely to give up,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.78,0:08:27.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's very likely to give up electrons.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.70,0:08:30.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's much more likely to give\Nup electrons than hydrogen.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.75,0:08:33.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, as you go down a given group,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.16,0:08:39.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're becoming less, less\Nelectronegative, electronegative.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.04,0:08:41.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what, what are, based on this,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.12,0:08:44.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what are going to be\Nthe most electronegative
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.59,0:08:46.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of all the atoms?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.02,0:08:47.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well they're going to be the ones
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.47,0:08:50.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are in the top and the\Nright of the periodic table,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.45,0:08:52.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're going to be these right over here.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.48,0:08:54.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are going to be\Nthe most electronegative,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.63,0:08:56.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes we don't think as\Nmuch about the noble gases
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.84,0:08:59.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they aren't, they\Naren't really that reactive,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.09,0:09:01.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they don't even form covalent bond,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.13,0:09:02.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they're just happy.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.60,0:09:03.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While these characters up here,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.90,0:09:06.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they sometimes will form covalent bonds,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.12,0:09:09.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when they do, they really\Nlike to hog those electrons.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.86,0:09:11.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now what are the least electronegative,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.52,0:09:13.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes called very electropositive?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.62,0:09:15.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well these things down\Nhere in the bottom left.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.57,0:09:18.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These, over here, they have only,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.33,0:09:19.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know in the case of cesium,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.57,0:09:21.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they have one electron to give away
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.84,0:09:25.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that would take them to a\Nstable state like, like xenon,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.33,0:09:27.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or in the case of these group two elements
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.51,0:09:28.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they might have to give away two,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.52,0:09:29.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's much easier to give away two
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.55,0:09:31.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then to gain a whole bunch of them.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.81,0:09:34.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they're big, they're big atoms.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.14,0:09:35.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So those outer most electrons are getting
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.92,0:09:39.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,less attracted to the positive nucleus.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.45,0:09:40.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the trend in the periodic table
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.72,0:09:42.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as you go from the bottom left,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.56,0:09:44.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the top right,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.79,0:09:48.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're getting more, more\Nelectro, electronegative.