[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.13,0:00:17.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Something happened in the early\Nmorning hours of May 2nd, 2000
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.50,0:00:21.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that had a profound effect\Non the way our society operates.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.13,0:00:23.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ironically, hardly anyone noticed at the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.99,0:00:29.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The change was silent, imperceptible,\Nunless you knew exactly what to look for.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.79,0:00:32.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On that morning US president Bill Clinton
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.06,0:00:34.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ordered that a special switch be thrown
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.35,0:00:38.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the orbiting satellites\Nof the global positioning system.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.20,0:00:43.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instantaneously, every civilian\NGPS receiver around the globe
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.27,0:00:46.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,went from errors the size\Nof a football field,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.59,0:00:50.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to errors the size of a small room.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.18,0:00:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It’s hard to overstate the effect that\Nthis change in accuracy has had on us.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.47,0:01:01.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before this switch was thrown,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.33,0:01:04.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we didn't have in-car navigation systems\Ngiving turn-by-turn directions
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.76,0:01:07.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because back then GPS couldn’t tell you\Nwhat block you were on,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.92,0:01:09.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let alone what street.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.78,0:01:12.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For geolocation accuracy matters.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.97,0:01:15.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And things have only improved\Nover the last 10 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.49,0:01:18.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with more base stations,\Nmore ground stations,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.37,0:01:21.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,better receivers and better algorithms.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.07,0:01:24.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,GPS can now not only tell you\Nwhat street you were on,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.30,0:01:28.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but what part of the street.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.43,0:01:33.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This level of accuracy has unleashed\Na firestorm of innovation.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.84,0:01:36.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact many of you navigated here today
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.80,0:01:39.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the help of your TomTom\Nor your smart phone.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.67,0:01:43.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Paper maps are becoming obsolete.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.43,0:01:48.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We now stand on the verge of another\Nrevolution in geolocation accuracy.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.23,0:01:51.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if I told you\Nthat the two meter positioning
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.62,0:01:55.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that our current cell phones\Nand our TomToms give us
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.96,0:01:59.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is pathetic compared\Nto what we could be getting?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.58,0:02:02.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For some time now it's been known\Nthat if you pay attention
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.51,0:02:04.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the Carrier Phase of the GPS signal,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.78,0:02:06.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if you have an Internet connection
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.87,0:02:09.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then you can go from meter\Nlevel to centimeter level,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.87,0:02:12.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even millimeter level positioning.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.90,0:02:16.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So why don't we have\Nthis capability on our phones?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.30,0:02:20.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Only, I believe, for a lack of imagination.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.95,0:02:23.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Manufacturers haven't built\Nthis carrier phase technique
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.92,0:02:26.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into their cheap GPS chips,\Nbecause they're not sure
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.72,0:02:30.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what the general public would do\Nwith geolocations so accurate
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.67,0:02:35.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you could pinpoint the wrinkles\Nin the palm of your hand.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.45,0:02:37.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you and I and other innovators,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.100,0:02:41.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can see the potential\Nin this next leap in accuracy.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.73,0:02:45.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine for example,\Nan augmented reality app
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.18,0:02:48.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that overlays a virtual world\Nto millimeter level precision
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.01,0:02:50.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on top of the physical world.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.45,0:02:53.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I could build for you\Na structure up here in 3-D,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.03,0:02:55.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,millimeter accurate, \Nthat only you could see,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.51,0:02:57.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or my friends at home.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.89,0:03:02.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this level of positioning,\Nthis is what we're looking for,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.93,0:03:06.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I believe that within\Nthe next few years, I predict
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.74,0:03:11.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that this kind of hyper precise\Ncarrier phase based positioning
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.62,0:03:14.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will become cheap and ubiquitous,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.49,0:03:17.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the consequences will be fantastic.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.94,0:03:21.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Holy Grail of course is the GPS dot.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.85,0:03:24.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you remember the movie,\NThe Da Vinci Code?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.72,0:03:27.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's Professor Langdon\Nexamining a GPS dot,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.92,0:03:31.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which his accomplice\Ntells him is a tracking device
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.52,0:03:34.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,accurate within two feet\Nanywhere on the globe.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.96,0:03:37.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we know that \Nin the world of nonfiction\N
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.98,0:03:40.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the GPS dot is impossible. Right?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.80,0:03:43.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For one thing,\NGPS doesn't work indoors,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.29,0:03:46.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for another,\Nthey don't make devices quite this small,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.56,0:03:48.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially when those\Ndevices have to relay
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.84,0:03:51.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their measurements back over a network.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.54,0:03:54.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, these objections were\Nperfectly reasonable a few years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.93,0:03:56.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but things have changes.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.64,0:04:01.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's been a strong trend\Ntoward miniaturization, better sensitivity.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.16,0:04:04.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So much so that a few years ago\Na GPS tracking device
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.48,0:04:08.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looked like this clunky box\Nto the left of the keys.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.06,0:04:11.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Compare that with the device\Nreleased just months ago
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.20,0:04:14.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's now packaged into something\Nthe size of a key fob.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.81,0:04:17.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you take a look \Nat the state of the art\N
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.27,0:04:18.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for a complete GPS receiver,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.99,0:04:22.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is only a centimeter on a side\Nand more sensitive than ever,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.19,0:04:24.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you realize that the GPS dot
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.68,0:04:28.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will soon move from fiction to nonfiction.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.96,0:04:34.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine what we could do\Nwith a world full of GPS dots.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.20,0:04:38.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not just that you'll never lose\Nyour wallet or your keys anymore,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.08,0:04:41.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or your child when you're at Disneyland.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.69,0:04:44.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You'll buy GPS dots in bulk,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.61,0:04:46.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you'll stick them on\Neverything you own
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.92,0:04:49.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,worth more than a few tens of dollars.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.37,0:04:51.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I couldn't find my shoes \None recent morning,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.93,0:04:55.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as usual had to ask\Nmy wife if she had seen them.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.52,0:04:59.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I shouldn't have to bother my wife\Nwith that kind of triviality.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.34,0:05:02.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I should be able ask my house\Nwhere my shoes are.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.24,0:05:04.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.64,0:05:07.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those of you who have made\Nthe switch to Gmail
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.58,0:05:12.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,remember how refreshing it was \Nto go from organizing all of your email
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.23,0:05:14.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to simply searching it.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.34,0:05:18.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The GPS dot will do\Nthe same for our possessions.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.81,0:05:23.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now of course there is\Na flip side to the GPS dot.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.24,0:05:28.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was in my office some months back\Nand got a telephone call.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.12,0:05:33.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The woman on the other end of the line,\Nwe'll call her Carol, was panicked.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.91,0:05:37.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Apparently, an ex-boyfriend\Nof Carol's from California
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.32,0:05:41.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had found her in Texas\Nand was following her around.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.21,0:05:43.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you might ask at this point,\Nwhy she's calling you?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.87,0:05:45.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Chuckle)\NWell, so did I.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.67,0:05:49.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it turned out there was\Na technical twist to Carol's case.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.64,0:05:52.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every time her ex-boyfriend would show up,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.44,0:05:56.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the most improbable times,\Nin the most improbable locations,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.64,0:05:59.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he was carrying an open laptop.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.25,0:06:01.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And over time Carol realized
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.59,0:06:05.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that he had planted\Na GPS tracking device on her car.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.21,0:06:08.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So she was calling me\Nfor help to disable it.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.05,0:06:12.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Well, you should go to a good mechanic\Nand have them look at your car," I said.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.75,0:06:15.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I already have," she told me.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.76,0:06:17.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"He didn't see anything obvious
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.50,0:06:21.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he said he'd have to take\Nthe car apart piece by piece."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.42,0:06:24.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Well then, you'd better go\Nto the police." I said.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.86,0:06:27.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I already have," she replied.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.58,0:06:30.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"They're not sure this rises\Nto the level of harassment,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.26,0:06:33.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're not set up\Ntechnically to find the device."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.91,0:06:35.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Okay, what about the FBI?"
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.76,0:06:38.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I've talked to them too."\N(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.02,0:06:39.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the same story.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.50,0:06:41.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We then talked about her coming to my lab
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.54,0:06:43.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and us performing a radio sweep\Nof her car.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.91,0:06:46.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I wasn't even sure that would work,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.51,0:06:49.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,given that some of these devices\Nare configured to only transmit
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.53,0:06:53.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they're inside safe zones\Nor when the car is moving.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.89,0:06:58.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, there we were, Carol isn't the first,\Nand certainly won't be the last
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.12,0:07:02.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to find herself in this kind\Nof fearsome environment,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.79,0:07:08.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,worrisome situation,\Ncaused by GPS tracking.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.27,0:07:12.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, as I looked into her case,\NI discovered to my surprise,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.40,0:07:15.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it's not clearly illegal for you or me
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.99,0:07:19.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to put a tracking device\Non someone else's car.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.56,0:07:21.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Supreme Court ruled last month\N
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.97,0:07:24.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that a policeman has to get a warrant
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.16,0:07:26.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if he wants to do prolonged tracking.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.80,0:07:30.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the law isn't clear about\Ncivilians doing this to one another.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.38,0:07:33.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's not just Big Brother\Nwe have to worry about,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.53,0:07:36.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but Big Neighbor.\N(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.47,0:07:41.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is one alternative that Carol\Ncould have taken, very effective.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.00,0:07:46.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's called the Wave Bubble.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.86,0:07:52.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's an open source GPS jammer\Ndeveloped by Limor Fried,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.39,0:07:54.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a graduate student at MIT.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.82,0:07:59.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Limor calls it, "A tool for reclaiming\Nour personal space."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.86,0:08:02.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With a flip of the switch,\Nyou create a bubble around you
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.49,0:08:04.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,within which GPS signals can't reside,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.75,0:08:07.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they get drowned out by the bubble.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.01,0:08:09.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Limor designed this, in part
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.28,0:08:13.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because like Carol,\Nshe felt threatened by GPS tracking.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.18,0:08:16.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then she posted her design to the web,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.36,0:08:20.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if you don't have time\Nto build your own, you can buy one.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.64,0:08:24.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chinese manufacturers now sell \Nthousands of nearly identical devices
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.58,0:08:27.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the Internet.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.34,0:08:29.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you might be thinking,\Nthe wave bubble sounds great,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.95,0:08:31.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I should have one,\Nit might come in handy
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.83,0:08:34.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if somebody ever puts\Na tracking device on my car.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.16,0:08:39.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you should be aware that its use \Nis very much illegal in the United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.27,0:08:43.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And why is that?\NWell because it's not a bubble at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.28,0:08:46.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Its jamming signals don't stop\Nat the edge of your personal space
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.61,0:08:48.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the edge of your car.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.57,0:08:53.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They go on to jam innocent GPS receivers\Nfor miles around you.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.05,0:08:54.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.92,0:08:57.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, if you're Carol or Limor,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.39,0:09:00.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or someone who feels threatened \Nby GPS tracking,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.78,0:09:04.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it might not feel wrong\Nto turn on a wave bubble.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.33,0:09:07.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in fact,\Nthe results can be disastrous.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.35,0:09:10.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine, for example,\Nyou're the Captain of a cruise ship,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.25,0:09:12.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trying to make your way\Nthrough a thick fog,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.63,0:09:16.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and some passenger in the back\Nturns on a wave bubble.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.50,0:09:20.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of a sudden your GPS\Nreadout goes blank,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.06,0:09:23.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and now it's just you and the fog,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.08,0:09:25.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and whatever you can\Npull off the radar system,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.50,0:09:28.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you remember how to work it.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.66,0:09:34.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They don't update or upkeep\Nlight houses anymore,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.68,0:09:41.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and LORAN, the only backup to GPS,\Nwas discontinued last year.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.37,0:09:45.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our modern society has\Na special relationship with GPS.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.51,0:09:48.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're almost blindly reliant on it.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.87,0:09:51.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's built deeply into\Nour systems and infrastructure.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.97,0:09:55.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some call it, "the invisible utility."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.95,0:09:59.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So turning on a wave bubble\Nmight not just cause inconvenience,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.85,0:10:03.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it might be deadly.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.95,0:10:08.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But as it turns out,\Nfor purposes of protecting your privacy,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.61,0:10:11.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the expense of general GPS reliability,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.58,0:10:16.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's something even more potent\Nand more subversive than a wave bubble,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.42,0:10:20.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that is a GPS spoofer.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.06,0:10:23.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The idea behind the GPS spoofer is simple.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.66,0:10:25.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead of jamming the GPS signals,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.94,0:10:28.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you fake them, you imitate them.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.82,0:10:31.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you do it right, \Nthe device you're attacking\N
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.43,0:10:33.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,doesn't even know it's being spoofed.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.59,0:10:36.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let me show you how this works.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.01,0:10:38.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In any GPS receiver there's a peak inside
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.66,0:10:40.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that corresponds to the authentic signals,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.87,0:10:43.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these three red dots\Nrepresent the tracking points
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.90,0:10:46.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that try to keep themselves\Ncentered on that peak.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.76,0:10:52.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if you send in a fake GPS signal,\Nanother peak pops up,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.73,0:10:56.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if you can get\Nthese two peaks perfectly aligned
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.34,0:10:58.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the tracking points\Ncan't tell the difference,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.65,0:11:02.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they get hijacked\Nby the stronger counterfeit signal,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.41,0:11:05.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the authentic peak \Ngetting forced off.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.93,0:11:07.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At this point, the game is over.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.96,0:11:11.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The fake signals now\Ncompletely control this GPS receiver.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.87,0:11:13.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So is this really possible?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.64,0:11:15.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can someone really manipulate
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.74,0:11:17.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the timing and positioning \Nof a GPS receiver
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.83,0:11:19.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,\Njust like that, with a spoofer?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.93,0:11:22.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, the short answer is yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.17,0:11:26.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The key is that civil GPS\Nsignals are completely open,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.13,0:11:29.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they have no encryption,\Nthey have no authentication.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.80,0:11:33.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're wide open vulnerable\Nto a kind of spoofing attack.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.45,0:11:38.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even so, up until very recently,\Nnobody worried about GPS spoofers.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.62,0:11:41.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People figured that it would be\Ntoo complex or too expensive
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.53,0:11:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for some hacker to build one.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.00,0:11:47.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I and a friend of mine\Nfrom graduate school,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.38,0:11:49.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we didn't see it that way.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.75,0:11:51.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We knew it wasn't going to be so hard,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.93,0:11:53.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we wanted to be the first to build one
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.97,0:11:56.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we could get out\Nin front of the problem
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.10,0:12:00.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and help protect against GPS spoofing.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.54,0:12:03.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I remember vividly the week\Nit all came together.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.40,0:12:06.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We built it at my home,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.31,0:12:08.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which means that I got a little extra help
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.54,0:12:11.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from my 3-year old son, Ramón.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.64,0:12:15.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's Ramón looking \Nfor a little attention from Dad that week.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.88,0:12:17.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.28,0:12:21.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At first, the spoofer was just\Na jumble of cables and computers,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.04,0:12:24.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,though we eventually got it \Npackaged into a small box.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.31,0:12:27.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now the Doctor Frankenstein moment!\N
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.07,0:12:29.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When the spoofer finally came alive,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.83,0:12:32.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I glimpsed its awful potential.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.60,0:12:36.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Came late one night when I tested\Nthe spoofer against my iPhone.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.59,0:12:40.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me show you some actual footage\Nfrom that very first experiment.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.86,0:12:44.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had come to completely trust\Nthis little blue dot,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.12,0:12:46.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and its reassuring blue halo.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.23,0:12:48.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They seem to speak to me, they'd say,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.25,0:12:51.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Here you are! Here you are!"
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.05,0:12:52.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.31,0:12:55.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"And you can trust us."
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.09,0:12:59.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, something felt\Nvery wrong about the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.46,0:13:02.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was a sense almost of betrayal.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.33,0:13:06.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When this little blue dot\Nstarted at my house,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.09,0:13:10.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and went running off toward\Nthe North, leaving me behind,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.31,0:13:12.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wasn't moving.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.85,0:13:16.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I then saw\Nin this little moving blue dot,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.29,0:13:19.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was the potential for chaos.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.27,0:13:22.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I saw airplanes and ships\Nveering off course,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.38,0:13:26.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the Captain learning only too late\Nthat something was wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.16,0:13:31.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I saw the GPS derived timing\Nof the New York Stock Exchange
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.47,0:13:33.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being manipulated by hackers.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.74,0:13:37.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can scarcely imagine\Nthe kind of havoc you could cause
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.65,0:13:42.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you knew what you were doing\Nwith a GPS spoofer.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.93,0:13:45.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is though,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.00,0:13:50.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one redeeming feature of the GPS spoofer.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.04,0:13:54.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the ultimate weapon against\Nan invasion of GPS dots.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.52,0:13:57.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine, for example,\Nyou're being tracked.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.71,0:14:00.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, you can play the tracker for a fool,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.24,0:14:03.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pretending to be at work,\Nwhen you're really on vacation.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.50,0:14:05.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or if you're Carol,\Nyou could lure your ex-boyfriend
Dialogue: 0,0:14:05.94,0:14:10.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into some empty parking lot\Nwhere the police are waiting for him.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:10.04,0:14:14.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I'm fascinated by this conflict,\Na looming conflict,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.97,0:14:17.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between privacy on the one hand,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.94,0:14:21.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the need for\Na clean radio spectrum, on the other.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.44,0:14:24.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We simply cannot tolerate\NGPS jammers and spoofers.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.71,0:14:28.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And yet, given the lack\Nof effective legal means
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.31,0:14:32.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for protecting our privacy\Nfrom the GPS dot,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:32.11,0:14:35.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can you really blame people \Nfor wanting to turn them on,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.02,0:14:37.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for wanting to use them?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.35,0:14:39.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I hold out hope that we'll be able to\N
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.76,0:14:43.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reconcile this conflict with some sort of,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.08,0:14:47.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some yet uninvented technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:48.47,0:14:51.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But meanwhile, grab some popcorn,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:14:51.55,0:14:53.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because things are going\Nto get interesting.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.83,0:14:56.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Within the next few years many of you\N
Dialogue: 0,0:14:56.39,0:14:59.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will be the proud owner of a GPS dot.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.09,0:15:01.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe you'll have\Na whole bag full of them.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:01.51,0:15:04.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You'll never lose track\Nof your things again.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:04.79,0:15:09.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The GPS dot will fundamentally\Nreorder your life.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:09.33,0:15:12.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But will you be able\Nto resist the temptation
Dialogue: 0,0:15:12.52,0:15:15.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to track your fellow men?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:15.31,0:15:18.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or will you be able to resist\Nthe temptation to turn on
Dialogue: 0,0:15:18.02,0:15:20.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a GPS spoofer, or a wave bubble
Dialogue: 0,0:15:20.19,0:15:22.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,\Nto protect your own privacy?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:22.63,0:15:26.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So as usual,\Nwhat we see just beyond the horizon
Dialogue: 0,0:15:26.44,0:15:29.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is full of promise and peril.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:29.75,0:15:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It'll be fascinating to see\Nhow this all turns out.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:33.00,0:15:34.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:34.56,0:15:36.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)