[Script Info]
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[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.70,0:00:14.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A few students asked me to say something \Nabout cultural globalization.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.07,0:00:18.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is cultural globalization and what kind of \Ntrends do we see?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.93,0:00:23.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We discussed that culture, and in fact our own \Nperception of reality,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.20,0:00:28.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is both formed and maintained by \Ncommunication.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.37,0:00:31.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cultural communication is basically all \Ncommunication,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.17,0:00:35.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we always implicitly communicate \Nvalues and ideas, even when we
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.90,0:00:41.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are listening to seemingly meaningless music, \Nor watching an entertaining soap opera,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.30,0:00:43.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or reading a simple comic book:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.83,0:00:49.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they all communicate something about the \Nculture in which they were produced.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.57,0:00:57.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, cultural globalization is, simply put, an \Ninternational reach of cultural ideas and values,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.43,0:01:00.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a result of a global communication of \Nmessages.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.53,0:01:06.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,According to most scholars there was always \Nsome extent of globalization
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.77,0:01:08.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as people travelled throughout history.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.87,0:01:16.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Historical developments, like wars, colonization, \Nincreased international trade,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.37,0:01:22.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,increased education, increased international \Ntourism. These trends were all reasons for
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.90,0:01:26.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a growing interest in international affairs and \Ncreated the context
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.97,0:01:31.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which an international communication \Nlandscape could develop.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.93,0:01:36.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the rate of globalization has increased with \Nthe reach of our mass media
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.60,0:01:41.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It started slowly with cultural carriers that \Ntravellers took home,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.63,0:01:44.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like little statues, jewelry or coins.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.70,0:01:50.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The globalization pace quickened with the rise of \Nprint media.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.23,0:01:55.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Books, pamphlets and newspapers made \Ninternational travel of cultural messages
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.33,0:01:57.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more widespread.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.50,0:01:59.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the nineteenth century for example,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.87,0:02:03.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,English and American newspapers were read \Nthroughout the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.63,0:02:08.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Perhaps this is also the start of a dominance of \Nan Anglo American culture
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.33,0:02:11.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in global communication.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.33,0:02:16.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Movies and television programs were again a \Nnew step in the globalization trend.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.20,0:02:22.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A picture can say more than a thousand words.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.37,0:02:27.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, these new audio visual media brought \Npictures and sounds.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.70,0:02:33.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And again, they were mostly Anglo-American TV \Nshows and movies
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.70,0:02:36.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that travelled the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.80,0:02:40.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These cultural messages did not only travel the \Nworld,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.10,0:02:44.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they also influenced the people they \Nencountered.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.17,0:02:48.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People felt culturally connected through movies \Nand television series and such
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.17,0:02:52.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with people on the other side of the globe.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.30,0:02:56.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The globalization trend has only increased in \Nrecent years,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.07,0:02:59.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mainly due to the rise of digital and mobile \Nmedia
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.93,0:03:05.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that a) give us immediate access to a rich \Nassortment of cultural content
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.73,0:03:08.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from basically every country in the world
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.33,0:03:16.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and b) allows us to communicate with people in \Nother countries easily and instantly.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.37,0:03:20.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is quite clear that today we have an \Ninternational communication landscape
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.60,0:03:22.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that exists in a variety of media
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.77,0:03:30.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like books, magazines, newspapers, radio, \Ntelevision, cinema and the internet.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.13,0:03:36.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what exactly is its effect on the formation of \Nculture throughout the world?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.03,0:03:39.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As you know, culture creates a feeling of \Nbelonging.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.83,0:03:44.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That cultural messages are now spread \Ninternationally is, according to some,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.67,0:03:48.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reason to believe that a ‘global village’ is \Nemerging,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.53,0:03:53.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where people feel connected with each other, \Nregardless of their country of origin.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.97,0:03:57.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The global culture that is communicated through \Nour mass media is the
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.80,0:04:02.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,binding force of this village. It connects us.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.73,0:04:10.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Optimists believe that all this cultural sharing \Nwill lead to 1) greater understanding and 2)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.67,0:04:15.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a lessening of cultural misunderstanding and \Nconflict.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.60,0:04:19.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, other scholars see a very different \Ntrend.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.77,0:04:25.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, people are now forming groups with others \Nfrom other countries,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.17,0:04:31.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but at the same time, societal cohesion in \Ngeneral is weakening as a result.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.00,0:04:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Members of these groups feel more connected \Nto the group than to society.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.00,0:04:42.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This trend is called tribalism, and in fact means \Nthat as smaller groups become
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.83,0:04:49.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,culturally stronger they become more and more \Nisolated from larger society.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.03,0:04:51.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These groups form modern day tribes.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.70,0:04:56.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their strong group culture is carried by their own \Nspecific channels
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.97,0:04:59.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with their own culturally approved content.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.60,0:05:06.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The group identity becomes increasingly \Ndifferent from mainstream society
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.37,0:05:14.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it in fact starts to oppose it. Therefore, \Nscholars that believe in this new tribalism trend
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.33,0:05:20.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually predict more cultural misunderstanding \Nand more conflict as a result of this.