[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.16,0:00:12.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The people in the back,\Ncan you hear me clearly?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.03,0:00:14.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, good.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.57,0:00:19.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Have you ever held a question in mind
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.50,0:00:24.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for so long that it becomes\Npart of how you think?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.24,0:00:28.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe even part of who you are\Nas a person?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.80,0:00:32.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well I've had a question in my mind \Nfor many, many years
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.88,0:00:37.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that is: \NHow can you speed up learning?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.08,0:00:40.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, this is an interesting question
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.65,0:00:42.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because if you speed up learning,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.36,0:00:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can spend less time at school.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.97,0:00:47.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you learn really fast,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.12,0:00:49.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you probably \Nwouldn't have to go to school at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.82,0:00:53.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, when I was young, \Nschool was sort of OK but...
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.98,0:00:58.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I found quite often that school \Ngot in the way of learning
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.86,0:01:01.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I had this question in mind: \NHow do you learn faster?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.52,0:01:05.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this began when I was \Nvery, very young,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.82,0:01:07.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I was 11 years old,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.50,0:01:11.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wrote a letter to researchers in the \NSoviet Union, asking about hypnopaedia,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.88,0:01:13.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is sleep-learning,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.92,0:01:16.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where you get a tape recorder, \Nyou put it beside your bed
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.89,0:01:19.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it turns on \Nin the middle of the night
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.01,0:01:20.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you're sleeping,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.44,0:01:22.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you're supposed to be \Nlearning from this.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.69,0:01:25.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A good idea, \Nunfortunately it doesn't work.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.47,0:01:29.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, hypnopaedia did open the doors \Nto research in other areas
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.78,0:01:32.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we've had \Nincredible discoveries about \N
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.08,0:01:34.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,learning that began \Nwith that first question.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.12,0:01:39.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I went on from there to become \Npassionate about psychology
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.29,0:01:43.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I have been involved in psychology\Nin many different ways
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.15,0:01:45.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the rest of my life \Nup until this point.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.97,0:01:49.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1981, I took myself to China
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.98,0:01:56.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I decided that I was going to be \Nnative level in Chinese inside two years.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.67,0:02:01.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, you need to understand that \Nin 1981, everybody thought
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.53,0:02:04.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chinese was really, really difficult
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.01,0:02:06.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that a Westerner \Ncould study for 10 years or more
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.49,0:02:08.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and never really get very good at it.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.98,0:02:11.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I also went in with a different idea
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.08,0:02:13.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was: taking all of the conclusions
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.63,0:02:16.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from psychological research \Nup to that point
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.18,0:02:18.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and applying them \Nto the learning process.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.75,0:02:24.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What was really cool was that in six \Nmonths I was fluent in Mandarin Chinese
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.06,0:02:27.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it took a little bit longer \Nto get up to native.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.27,0:02:33.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I looked around and I saw all of \Nthese people from different countries
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.50,0:02:35.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,struggling terribly with Chinese,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.68,0:02:40.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I saw Chinese people struggling terribly \Nto learn English and other languages,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.34,0:02:44.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so my question got refined down to:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.93,0:02:47.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How can you help a normal adult
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.54,0:02:50.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,learn a new language \Nquickly, easily and effectively?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.26,0:02:54.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now this is a really, really important \Nquestion in today's world.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.43,0:02:56.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have massive challenges \Nwith environment,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.62,0:02:59.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have massive challenges \Nwith social dislocation,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.68,0:03:02.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with wars, all sorts of things going on
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.08,0:03:04.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if we can't communicate,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.64,0:03:07.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're really going to have difficulty \Nsolving these problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.56,0:03:10.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we need to be able to speak \Neach other's languages,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.31,0:03:12.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is really, really important.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.94,0:03:15.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The question then is: How do you do that?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.00,0:03:18.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, it's actually really easy.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.89,0:03:21.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You look around for people \Nwho can already do it,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.78,0:03:24.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you look for situations \Nwhere it's already working
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.66,0:03:27.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then you identify the principles\Nand apply them.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.51,0:03:30.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's called modelling and I've been \Nlooking at language learning
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.58,0:03:34.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and modelling language learning \Nfor about 15 to 20 years now.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.57,0:03:38.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And my conclusion, \Nmy observation from this is
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.28,0:03:42.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that any adult can learn a second \Nlanguage to fluency inside six months.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.93,0:03:49.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now when I say this, most people \Nthink I'm crazy, this is not possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.66,0:03:53.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let me remind everybody of \Nthe history of human progress,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.81,0:03:56.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's all about expanding our limits.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.18,0:04:02.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1950, everybody believed that running \None mile in four minutes was impossible,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.63,0:04:06.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then Roger Bannister did it in 1956
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.61,0:04:09.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and from there \Nit's got shorter and shorter.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.04,0:04:12.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,100 years ago everybody believed that \Nheavy stuff doesn't fly.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.75,0:04:15.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Except it does and we all know this.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.48,0:04:18.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How does heavy stuff fly?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.07,0:04:22.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We reorganise the material \Nusing principles that we have learned
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.27,0:04:25.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from observing nature, birds in this case.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.11,0:04:29.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And today we've gone even further...
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.94,0:04:34.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've gone even further, \Nso you can fly a car.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.62,0:04:37.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can buy one of these \Nfor a couple 100.000 US dollars.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.96,0:04:39.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We now have cars in the world that fly.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.88,0:04:43.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there's a different way to fly \Nwhich we've learned from squirrels.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.55,0:04:46.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So all you need to do is copy \Nwhat a flying squirrel does,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.35,0:04:50.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,build a suit called a wing suit and \Noff you go, you can fly like a squirrel.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.90,0:04:54.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now most people, a lot of people, \NI wouldn't say everybody
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.55,0:04:56.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but a lot of people think they can't draw.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.38,0:05:01.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However there are some key principles, \Nfive principles, that you can apply
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.58,0:05:05.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to learning to draw and you can \Nactually learn to draw in five days.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.17,0:05:10.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, if you draw like this, you learn \Nthese principles for five days
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.55,0:05:14.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and apply them and after five days \Nyou can draw something like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.26,0:05:18.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now I know this is true because \Nthat was my first drawing
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.14,0:05:22.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and after five days of applying these \Nprinciples that was what I was able to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.14,0:05:23.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I looked at this and I went:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.93,0:05:27.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Wow, so that's how I look like \Nwhen I'm concentrating so intensely
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.57,0:05:29.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that my brain is exploding."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.20,0:05:34.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, anybody can learn to draw in five days
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.92,0:05:37.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in the same way, with the same logic,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.97,0:05:41.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,anybody can learn a second language\Nin six months.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.60,0:05:45.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How? There are five principles\Nand seven actions.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.31,0:05:48.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There may be a few more \Nbut these are absolutely core.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.54,0:05:53.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And before I get into those \NI just want to talk about two myths,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.16,0:05:54.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to dispel two myths.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.99,0:05:56.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first is that you need talent.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.97,0:05:58.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me tell you about Zoe.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.96,0:06:02.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Zoe came from Australia, went to Holland, \Nwas trying to learn Dutch,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.51,0:06:06.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,struggling extremely, extremely... \Na great deal
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.76,0:06:09.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and finally people were saying: \N"You're completely useless,"
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.34,0:06:13.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"you're not talented," "give up," \N"you're a waste of time"
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.51,0:06:15.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she was very, very depressed.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.07,0:06:17.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then she came across \Nthese five principles,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.38,0:06:19.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she moved to Brazil and she applied them
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.91,0:06:22.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in six months \Nshe was fluent in Portuguese,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.60,0:06:24.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so talent doesn't matter.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.51,0:06:28.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People also think that immersion in a new \Ncountry is the way to learn a language.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.72,0:06:31.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But look around Hong Kong, \Nlook at all the westerners
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.31,0:06:34.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who've been here for 10 years, \Nwho don't speak a word of Chinese.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.59,0:06:39.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Look at all the Chinese living in \NAmerica, Britain, Australia, Canada
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.08,0:06:42.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have been there 10, 20 years \Nand they don't speak any English.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.84,0:06:45.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Immersion per se does not work.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.83,0:06:48.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why? Because a drowning man \Ncannot learn to swim.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.87,0:06:52.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you don't speak a language, \Nyou're like a baby.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.47,0:06:54.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you drop yourself into a context
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.46,0:06:58.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is all adults talking about stuff \Nover your head, you won't learn.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.03,0:07:02.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, what are the five principles \Nthat you need to pay attention to?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.37,0:07:04.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First: the four words,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.74,0:07:06.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,attention, meaning, relevance and memory,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.75,0:07:09.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these interconnect in very, \Nvery important ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.21,0:07:12.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Especially when you're talking \Nabout learning.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.47,0:07:14.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Come with me on a journey \Nthrough a forest.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.93,0:07:17.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You go on a walk through a forest
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.31,0:07:20.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you see something like this... \NLittle marks on a tree,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.88,0:07:22.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe you pay attention, maybe you don't.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.96,0:07:26.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You go another 50 metres \Nand you see this...
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.27,0:07:29.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You should be paying attention.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.68,0:07:33.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another 50 metres, if you haven't been \Npaying attention, you see this...
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.40,0:07:36.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And at this point,\Nyou're paying attention.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.21,0:07:40.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you've just learned that this...\Nis important,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.21,0:07:42.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's relevant \Nbecause it means this,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.84,0:07:47.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and anything that is related, \Nany information related to your survival
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.04,0:07:50.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is stuff that you're going to pay\Nattention to
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.27,0:07:52.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and therefore you're going\Nto remember it.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.28,0:07:54.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If it's related to your personal goals,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.23,0:07:56.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then you're going to pay attention to it.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.27,0:07:58.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If it's relevant, \Nyou're going to remember it.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.93,0:08:01.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, the first rule, \Nfirst principle for learning a language
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.76,0:08:04.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is focus on language content \Nthat is relevant to you.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.31,0:08:06.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which brings us to tools.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.22,0:08:11.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We master tools by using tools \Nand we learn tools the fastest
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.30,0:08:13.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they are relevant to us.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.48,0:08:15.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let me share a story.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.76,0:08:17.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A keyboard is a tool.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.19,0:08:21.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Typing Chinese a certain way, \Nthere are methods for this. That's a tool.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.77,0:08:24.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had a colleague many years ago
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.99,0:08:27.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who went to night school; \NTuesday night, Thursday night,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.65,0:08:29.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,two hours each time, practicing at home,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.98,0:08:33.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she spent nine months, \Nand she did not learn to type Chinese.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.52,0:08:36.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one night we had a crisis.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.59,0:08:40.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We had 48 hours to deliver \Na training manual in Chinese.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.64,0:08:42.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And she got the job, \Nand I can guarantee you
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.73,0:08:44.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in 48 hours, she learned to type Chinese
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.74,0:08:47.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it was relevant,\Nit was meaningful, it was important,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.64,0:08:50.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she was using a tool to create value.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.16,0:08:53.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the second principle for learning \Na language is to use your language
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.55,0:08:56.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a tool to communicate \Nright from day one.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.69,0:08:59.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a kid does.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.89,0:09:02.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I first arrived in China, \NI didn't speak a word of Chinese,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.92,0:09:07.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and on my second week, \NI got to take a train ride overnight.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.95,0:09:10.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I spent eight hours sitting \Nin the dining car
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.14,0:09:12.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,talking to one of the guards on the train,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.14,0:09:14.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he took an interest in me for some reason,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.22,0:09:17.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we just chatted all night in Chinese
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.06,0:09:20.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he was drawing pictures and \Nmaking movements with his hands
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.08,0:09:22.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and facial expressions \Nand piece by piece by piece
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.79,0:09:24.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I understood more and more.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.41,0:09:27.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what was really cool, \Nwas two weeks later,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.24,0:09:30.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when people were talking Chinese \Naround me,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.64,0:09:32.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was understanding some of this
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.24,0:09:34.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I hadn't even made any effort \Nto learn that.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.37,0:09:38.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What had happened, \NI'd absorbed it that night on the train,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.18,0:09:40.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which brings us to the third principle.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.40,0:09:42.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you first understand the message,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.58,0:09:47.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then you will acquire \Nthe language unconsciously.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.51,0:09:51.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is really, \Nreally well documented now,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.12,0:09:53.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's something called \Ncomprehensible input.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.17,0:09:55.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's 20 or 30 years \Nof research on this,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.23,0:09:57.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stephen Krashen, a leader in the field,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.16,0:09:59.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has published all sorts of \Nthese different studies
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.84,0:10:01.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is just from one of them.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.66,0:10:06.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The purple bars show the scores \Non different tests for language.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.61,0:10:14.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The purple people were people who had \Nlearned by grammar and formal study,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.36,0:10:17.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the green ones are the ones \Nwho learned by comprehensible input.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.50,0:10:20.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, comprehension works. \NComprehension is key
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.76,0:10:27.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and language learning is not about \Naccumulating lots of knowledge.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.95,0:10:32.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In many, many ways \Nit's about physiological training.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.16,0:10:37.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A woman I know from Taiwan \Ndid great in English at school,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.39,0:10:39.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she got A grades all the way through,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.16,0:10:42.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,went through college, A grades, \Nwent to the US
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.02,0:10:44.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and found she couldn't understand \Nwhat people were saying.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.51,0:10:48.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And people started asking her: \N"Are you deaf?"
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.40,0:10:51.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And she was. English deaf.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.82,0:10:56.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because we have filters \Nin our brain that filter in
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.11,0:10:58.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the sounds that we are familiar with
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.58,0:11:01.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they filter out the sounds of \Nlanguages that we're not.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.63,0:11:05.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you can't hear it, \Nyou won't understand it,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.01,0:11:07.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you can't understand it, \Nyou're not going to learn it.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.73,0:11:10.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you actually have to be \Nable to hear these sounds.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.26,0:11:13.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there are ways to do that \Nbut it's physiological training.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.22,0:11:16.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Speaking takes muscle.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.31,0:11:20.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You've got 43 muscles in your face,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.22,0:11:23.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have to coordinate those in a way
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.71,0:11:26.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you make sounds that \Nother people will understand.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.46,0:11:30.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you've ever done a new sport \Nfor a couple of days,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.63,0:11:33.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you know how your body feels? Hurts?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.80,0:11:36.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If your face is hurting, \Nyou're doing it right.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.65,0:11:42.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the final principle is state. \NPsycho-physiological state.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.20,0:11:47.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you're sad, angry, worried, upset, \Nyou're not going to learn. Period.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.17,0:11:51.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you're happy, relaxed, \Nin an Alpha brain state, curious,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.82,0:11:53.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're going to learn really quickly,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.86,0:11:57.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and very specifically you need\Nto be tolerant of ambiguity.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.51,0:12:00.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you're one of those people \Nwho needs to understand 100 percent
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.60,0:12:03.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every word you're hearing, \Nyou will go nuts,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.46,0:12:07.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because you'll be incredibly upset \Nall the time, because you're not perfect.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.81,0:12:10.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you're comfortable with getting some, \Nnot getting some,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.03,0:12:13.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just paying attention \Nto what you do understand,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.33,0:12:16.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're going to be fine, relaxed,\Nand you'll be learning quickly.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:16.85,0:12:20.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So based on those five principles, \Nwhat are the seven actions that you take?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.13,0:12:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Number one: Listen a lot.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.65,0:12:25.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I call it brain soaking.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.20,0:12:27.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You put yourself in a context
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.69,0:12:31.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where you're hearing tons and tons \Nand tons of a language
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.27,0:12:33.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it doesn't matter \Nif you understand it or not.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.78,0:12:37.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're listening to the rhythms, \Nto patterns that repeat,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.31,0:12:39.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're listening to things that stand out.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.36,0:12:41.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Chinese) Pào nǎozi.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.10,0:12:43.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(English) So, just soak your brain in this.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.61,0:12:46.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The second action is that \Nyou get the meaning first,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.53,0:12:48.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even before you get the words.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.47,0:12:51.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You go: "Well how do I do that? \NI don't know the words!"
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.27,0:12:54.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, you understand what these \Ndifferent postures mean.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.27,0:13:00.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Human communication is body language \Nin many, many ways, so much body language.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.19,0:13:03.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From body language you can \Nunderstand a lot of communication,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.40,0:13:07.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,therefore, you're understanding, you're \Nacquiring through comprehensible input.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.69,0:13:11.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you can also use patterns \Nthat you already know.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.84,0:13:16.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you're a Chinese speaker of Mandarin \Nand Cantonese and you go to Vietnam,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.64,0:13:22.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you will understand 60 percent of what \Nthey say to you in daily conversation,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.32,0:13:26.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because Vietnamese is about 30 percent \NMandarin, 30 percent Cantonese.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:28.96,0:13:31.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The third action: Start mixing.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.46,0:13:33.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You probably have never thought of this
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.33,0:13:36.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but if you've got 10 verbs, \N10 nouns and 10 adjectives,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.07,0:13:38.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can say 1000 different things.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.100,0:13:42.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Language is a creative process.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.28,0:13:47.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What do babies do? OK, \N"me", "bath", "now".
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.62,0:13:49.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, that's how they communicate.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.24,0:13:51.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So start mixing, get creative, \Nhave fun with it,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:51.85,0:13:54.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it doesn't have to be perfect, \Njust has to work.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.00,0:13:58.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when you're doing this, \Nyou focus on the core.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.21,0:13:59.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What does that mean?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:59.83,0:14:02.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, any language is \Nhigh frequency content.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.66,0:14:06.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In English 1000 words covers 85 percent
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.37,0:14:09.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of anything you're ever going \Nto say in daily communication.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.29,0:14:12.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,3000 words gives you 98 percent
Dialogue: 0,0:14:12.02,0:14:14.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of anything you're going to say\Nin daily conversation.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.76,0:14:17.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You got 3000 words, \Nyou're speaking the language.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.49,0:14:20.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The rest is icing on the cake.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.22,0:14:22.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when you're just beginning \Nwith a new language,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.95,0:14:25.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,start with your tool box. Week number one,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.44,0:14:28.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in your new language you say things like:
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.71,0:14:30.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"How do you say that?"\N"I don't understand,"
Dialogue: 0,0:14:30.82,0:14:33.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"repeat that please," \N"what does that mean?"
Dialogue: 0,0:14:33.08,0:14:34.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all in your target language.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:34.65,0:14:37.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're using it as a tool, \Nmaking it useful to you,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.97,0:14:41.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's relevant to learn other things \Nabout the language.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:41.09,0:14:43.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By week two,\Nyou should be saying things like:
Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.95,0:14:47.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"me," "this," "you," "that," \N"give," you know, "hot,"
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.65,0:14:51.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,simple pronouns, \Nsimple nouns, simple verbs,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:51.80,0:14:54.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,simple adjectives, \Ncommunicating like a baby.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.32,0:14:58.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And by the third or fourth week, \Nyou're getting into "glue words."
Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.13,0:15:03.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Although," "but," "therefore," \Nthese are logical transformers
Dialogue: 0,0:15:03.25,0:15:08.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that tie bits of a language together, \Nallowing you to make more complex meaning.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.11,0:15:10.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At that point you're talking.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:10.96,0:15:14.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when you're doing that, \Nyou should get yourself a language parent.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:15.70,0:15:18.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you look at how \Nchildren and parents interact,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:18.68,0:15:20.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'll understand what this means.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:21.11,0:15:24.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When a child is speaking, it'll be using \Nsimple words, simple combinations,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:24.99,0:15:28.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes quite strange, \Nsometimes very strange pronunciation,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:28.66,0:15:32.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,other people from outside the family \Ndon't understand it.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:32.83,0:15:34.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the parents do.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:34.79,0:15:39.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so the kid has a safe environment, \Ngets confidence.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.20,0:15:42.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The parents talk to the children \Nwith body language
Dialogue: 0,0:15:42.04,0:15:45.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and with simple language they \Nknow the child understands.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:45.53,0:15:48.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you have a comprehensible input \Nenvironment that's safe,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:48.38,0:15:52.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we know it works; otherwise none of you \Nwould speak your mother tongue.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:52.84,0:15:54.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you get yourself a language parent,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.70,0:15:56.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who's somebody interested in you \Nas a person
Dialogue: 0,0:15:56.84,0:15:59.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who will communicate with you \Nessentially as an equal,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:59.64,0:16:01.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but pay attention to help you \Nunderstand the message.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:04.28,0:16:06.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are four rules of a language parent.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:06.60,0:16:08.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Spouses are not very good at this, OK?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:08.73,0:16:09.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the four rules are,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:09.89,0:16:12.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,first of all, they will work hard \Nto understand what you mean
Dialogue: 0,0:16:12.83,0:16:15.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even when you're way off beat.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:15.28,0:16:17.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Secondly, they will never \Ncorrect your mistakes.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:18.71,0:16:22.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thirdly, they will feed back \Ntheir understanding of what you are saying
Dialogue: 0,0:16:22.38,0:16:26.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that you can respond appropriately \Nand get that feedback
Dialogue: 0,0:16:26.24,0:16:28.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then they will use \Nwords that you know.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:29.86,0:16:33.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The sixth thing you have to do, \Nis copy the face.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:33.19,0:16:35.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You got to get the muscles working right,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:35.27,0:16:38.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so you can sound in a way that \Npeople will understand you.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:39.26,0:16:40.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a couple of things you do.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:40.88,0:16:44.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One is that you hear how it feels, \Nand feel how it sounds
Dialogue: 0,0:16:44.39,0:16:47.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which means you have a feedback loop \Noperating in your face,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:47.58,0:16:50.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but ideally if you can look at \Na native speaker
Dialogue: 0,0:16:50.65,0:16:52.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and just observe \Nhow they use their face,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:52.67,0:16:55.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let your unconscious mind \Nabsorb the rules,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:55.54,0:16:57.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then you're going to be \Nable to pick it up.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:57.93,0:17:01.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you can't get a native speaker \Nto look at, you can use stuff like this...
Dialogue: 0,0:17:02.33,0:17:11.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Female voice) Sing, song, \Nking, stung, hung.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:12.48,0:17:16.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Chris Lonsdale) And the final idea here, \Nthe final action you need to take
Dialogue: 0,0:17:16.06,0:17:18.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is something that I call "direct connect".
Dialogue: 0,0:17:18.20,0:17:21.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What does this mean? Well most people \Nlearning a second language
Dialogue: 0,0:17:21.37,0:17:24.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sort of take the mother tongue words \Nand the target words and go over them
Dialogue: 0,0:17:24.92,0:17:28.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,again and again in their mind to try \Nand remember them. Really inefficient.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:28.92,0:17:31.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What you need to do is realise that
Dialogue: 0,0:17:31.14,0:17:34.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everything you know is an image \Ninside your mind, it's feelings,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:34.40,0:17:36.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you talk about fire, \Nyou can smell the smoke,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:36.74,0:17:39.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can hear the crackling, \Nyou can see the flames,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:39.36,0:17:42.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so what you do, is you go into \Nthat imagery and all of that memory
Dialogue: 0,0:17:42.85,0:17:47.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you come out with another pathway. \NSo I call it "same box, different path".
Dialogue: 0,0:17:47.29,0:17:50.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You come out of that pathway \Nand you build it over time,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:50.04,0:17:53.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you become more and more skilled \Nat just connecting the new sounds
Dialogue: 0,0:17:53.67,0:17:57.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to those images that you already have, \Ninto that internal representation.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:58.80,0:18:01.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And over time you even become naturally \Ngood at that process,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:01.76,0:18:03.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that becomes unconscious.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:03.58,0:18:08.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, there are five principles that you \Nneed to work with, seven actions,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:08.37,0:18:10.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you do any of them, \Nyou're going to improve.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:10.94,0:18:14.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And remember these are things \Nunder your control as the learner.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:14.02,0:18:17.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do them all and you're going to be \Nfluent in a second language in six months.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:17.96,0:18:19.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:19.35,0:18:20.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)