[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.29,0:00:16.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hello, everyone.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.90,0:00:18.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My name is indeed Zeynep Tufekci,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.66,0:00:21.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it was pronounced correctly\Nfor which I'm very grateful.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.51,0:00:23.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It happens about\None out of 100 times or so.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.64,0:00:24.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.70,0:00:29.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am originally from Turkey,\Nand I want to talk about these talks.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.48,0:00:32.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to talk about\Nhow ideas take flight in this world,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.73,0:00:34.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I want to talk about
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.24,0:00:36.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how to think about things,\Nand how to question things,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.88,0:00:41.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how to use all these ways\Nof information that we have
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.11,0:00:42.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to go deeper.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.52,0:00:45.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to start\Nby talking about Kony 2012.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.44,0:00:48.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can't see you,\Nso if this were a classroom, I'd say,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.12,0:00:49.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"How many of you heard of it?"
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.99,0:00:54.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and everybody'd raise their hands almost\Nbecause almost everybody had heard of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.01,0:00:56.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This happened two years ago when a video,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.77,0:01:00.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- as you can see\Nabout a 100 million views already,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.73,0:01:03.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many of which were racked up\Nin the first few weeks.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.49,0:01:06.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was a video about Joseph Kony -
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.13,0:01:07.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and indicted war criminal
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.77,0:01:09.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who was in Uganda,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.53,0:01:13.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it was this very moving,\Ncompelling 30-minute video
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.93,0:01:16.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that told a story of good and bad
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.88,0:01:20.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in very stark, moving terms.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.11,0:01:22.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, many of us watched it,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.37,0:01:23.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people were moved by it,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.61,0:01:25.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,celebrities tweeted abut it.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.45,0:01:27.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It just went crazy viral.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.40,0:01:30.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It seemed like\Nsuch an obvious, simple story.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.10,0:01:33.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was told by these people\Ntalking about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.67,0:01:35.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this chart, you can see
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.42,0:01:39.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that tens of millions of people\Nwere talking about Joseph Kony,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.86,0:01:41.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and "Let's stop it,"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.13,0:01:45.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all these resources\Nshould go into this problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.45,0:01:52.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is Jason Russell who is the person\Nthrough whom we hear this story.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.13,0:01:53.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's Gavin.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.56,0:01:55.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's telling the story to his son.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.43,0:01:57.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's very easy for us to identify:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.41,0:02:00.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jason looks like just a regular guy,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.36,0:02:02.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and his son is very cute.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.09,0:02:06.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They obviously - if you're wondering\Nwho the good guys are in this movie
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.87,0:02:08.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- it's like a movie -
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.65,0:02:10.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,likely candidates.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.20,0:02:12.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who are the bad guys? There you go.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.18,0:02:14.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Joseph Kony, in case you missed the point,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.42,0:02:15.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hitler's right there.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.66,0:02:17.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the most evil guy ever;
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.18,0:02:20.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,probably it was the sense of the video.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.12,0:02:22.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, it's true:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.78,0:02:24.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Joseph Kony is an indicted war criminal.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.97,0:02:26.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it is a problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.64,0:02:29.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is nothing\Nto belittle the real issue
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.69,0:02:31.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the real problems in Uganda
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.93,0:02:34.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that came from that civil war\Nin that conflict.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.74,0:02:38.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there are\Nvery many problems and issues,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.62,0:02:41.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the story that was told to us
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.70,0:02:45.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in such a slick moving,\Npull-out-our-heart string way
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.64,0:02:47.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was too simple.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.22,0:02:48.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It wasn't even fully true.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.83,0:02:54.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was too simplified and made\Ninto this digestible saccharine for us.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.78,0:02:57.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, if you went on YouTube,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.70,0:02:59.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and just started looking,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.35,0:03:01.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you went on Twitter,\Nif you went on social media,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.86,0:03:03.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you would find Rosebell Kagumire
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.96,0:03:06.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who is a Ugandan journalist and blogger.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.62,0:03:08.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's really an amazing world,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.69,0:03:11.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because all she did\Nwas she opened her laptop,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.83,0:03:13.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she used her webcam,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.90,0:03:16.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is no slick production [values.]
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.33,0:03:18.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Stop Kony," the original video,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.53,0:03:22.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was 30 minutes of great production\Nand great narrative;
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.21,0:03:26.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is bad lighting\N- look at the background -
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.24,0:03:31.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she's just in her office or study,\Nand she's just talking.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.31,0:03:33.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if you listen to her
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.17,0:03:35.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- and I encourage you\Nto go follow her on Twitter,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.60,0:03:36.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she's awesome -
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.81,0:03:39.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She tells a complex story of conflict
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.84,0:03:43.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was caused by resources\Nand lack of resources,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.09,0:03:45.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and marginalization of people,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.11,0:03:48.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how the Kony story\Nis six, seven years out of date,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.16,0:03:50.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's not the problem\Nfacing Uganda right now,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.98,0:03:53.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and while, of course,\Nif that man was caught,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.72,0:03:56.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it wouldn't really be on top\Nof anybody's list on Uganda
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.63,0:03:59.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to send all their resources\Nto catch this man,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.45,0:04:02.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the complexities of moving\Nin a post-conflict world,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.74,0:04:07.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how do you make peace\Nand how do you... I'm stopping there.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.78,0:04:12.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The point is it wasn't the simple story\Nthat you would've thought
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.72,0:04:15.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you were one of the 100 million people\Nwho watched the video.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.87,0:04:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you were one of the 600,000 people\Nwho watched Rosebell,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.00,0:04:22.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then you were digging deeper,\Nand you could go one more step.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.57,0:04:25.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That really was\Na very interesting moment for me,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.65,0:04:27.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because, you see, I grew up in Turkey.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.88,0:04:30.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I grew up without speaking English.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.38,0:04:34.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I didn't have this,\Nwhich is Turkish Wikipedia.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.07,0:04:36.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I thought you guys\Nshould learn some Turkish.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.30,0:04:38.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a good thing to do, very useful.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.85,0:04:42.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It actually is a complicated language,\Nbut it's nothing like English.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.93,0:04:43.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But "Vikipedi."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.93,0:04:45.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There you go.\NYou now know a Turkish word.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.91,0:04:46.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.94,0:04:48.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We didn't have it.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.25,0:04:52.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is a professor telling us\Nto use Wikipedia?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.12,0:04:53.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, yes, "Don't cite it,"
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.89,0:04:55.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a great place to start.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.64,0:04:57.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can quote me on that.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.40,0:04:58.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've all been there, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.77,0:05:00.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wiki-drift; you start some place,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.37,0:05:02.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then, three hours later,\Nyou're reading.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.42,0:05:05.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Why am I reading about slugs\Nand their digestive system?"
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.14,0:05:06.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.19,0:05:07.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I love it.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.26,0:05:08.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I didn't have it!
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.36,0:05:11.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I did not have Wikipedia, but I had this.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.03,0:05:13.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is my 92-year-old grandma.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.97,0:05:18.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If 3D printers are finally invented\Nand they can print grandmothers,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.82,0:05:20.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is probably what they'll print.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.64,0:05:22.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She is like prototype grandma.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.12,0:05:23.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.14,0:05:24.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She's perfect.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.27,0:05:27.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She had grown up in Turkey
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.16,0:05:30.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,under conditions\Nwhen girls did not go to school.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.05,0:05:33.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She was 12 when she was\Npulled from school,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.02,0:05:35.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and was told, "That's it.\NThat's enough for you.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.31,0:05:37.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're now about to get married."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.05,0:05:39.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A miracle happened:\Nthe teacher intervened,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.80,0:05:43.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and said, "There's an exam\Nfor scholarships for girls.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.86,0:05:47.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they can go\Nto the top high school in Turkey."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.33,0:05:49.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the teacher, secretly from the family,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.66,0:05:51.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,entered her and my grandmother won.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.56,0:05:53.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there was a lot of conflict,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.08,0:05:55.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but stuff came together,\Nand a miracle happened,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.52,0:05:58.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she was allowed to go Istanbul,\Nto this big, new city
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.33,0:06:01.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in a boarding school\Nthis elite top boarding school.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.42,0:06:04.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that thing she's holding\Nis a trophy they gave her
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.12,0:06:07.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the 75th anniversary of her graduation.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.07,0:06:09.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She graduated\Nfrom high school, then college,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.40,0:06:12.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,probably the first person in her town,\Nlet alone her family.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.27,0:06:13.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And she became a teacher.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.87,0:06:17.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And because she had grown up\Nwanting to go to school and pulled,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.24,0:06:20.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and just by some miracle, managed to go,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.73,0:06:24.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she appreciated the opportunity\Nbooks and education gave.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.46,0:06:28.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when ever somebody came\Nto the school she worked at,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.12,0:06:31.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which I also attended\Nas an elementary school student,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.47,0:06:34.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when somebody came to sell encyclopedias
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.70,0:06:37.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Do you know those things? No. -
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.65,0:06:38.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.75,0:06:40.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those book things?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.01,0:06:43.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, there used to be people\Nwho went around selling them door-to-door;
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.51,0:06:45.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we had them in Turkey, too.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.24,0:06:48.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they all had my name\Nin their phone book
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.03,0:06:50.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- which, of course, wasn't digital then -
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.11,0:06:52.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Buy Zeynep, sucker grandma"
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.62,0:06:57.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which meant if I took them to my grandma,\Nshe would buy whatever they were selling.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.10,0:06:59.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I loved reading,\Nand I loved encyclopedias.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.93,0:07:03.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when the encyclopedia sales person\Nwould come and say,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.16,0:07:05.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We heard there's\Na Zeynep in this school,"
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.55,0:07:08.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would pipe up and they would say,\N"Take us to your grandma."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.50,0:07:11.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and my grandma would buy me\Nwhatever I could buy:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.81,0:07:15.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every single Turkish\Nchildren's encyclopedia I had.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.52,0:07:16.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.61,0:07:17.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was awesome.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.84,0:07:19.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I would just read them.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.14,0:07:21.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you read books?\NComic books or other books?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.38,0:07:22.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would read them like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.83,0:07:25.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would say, "I'm going\Nto read the Ps today."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.08,0:07:26.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would just read the Ps.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.37,0:07:29.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or some of the encyclopedias\Nwere thematic, and I would say,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.24,0:07:31.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I'm going to read transportation today."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.23,0:07:34.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I read them cover to cover.\NI knew what was in every one of them.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.51,0:07:38.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember, Turkish, so it's not\Nan unlimited collection, either.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.06,0:07:42.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I would end up\Nhaving questions; that I hit limits.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.84,0:07:46.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They weren't in any of my encyclopedias.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.16,0:07:48.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I knew I just couldn't get at them.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.12,0:07:50.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now you don't live in that world anymore.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.91,0:07:52.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can go deeper and deeper and deeper.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.96,0:07:55.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can look, and ask, and question,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.73,0:07:57.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I don't live in that world anymore.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.62,0:07:59.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everyday, I pull out\Nmy phone, and I'm always,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.84,0:08:01.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I can look up anything I want."
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.37,0:08:04.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if there's some public record of it,\NI'll probably find it.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.72,0:08:06.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or I can ask people, experts.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.34,0:08:09.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I have a question that puzzles me,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.34,0:08:11.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can look up someone, I can email them.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.31,0:08:13.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is just amazing.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.08,0:08:14.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what I want to say is
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.73,0:08:16.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you hear a talk like this,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.27,0:08:17.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is Bill Gates';
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.46,0:08:19.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know, a very successful TED talk.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.90,0:08:22.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you hear his talk,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.22,0:08:24.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the thing to probably take away from it
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.83,0:08:27.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is not what he said in his talk,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.87,0:08:32.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but to look at a world\Nin which what made him successful,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.96,0:08:34.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how much of it was him,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.59,0:08:37.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what was the structure,\Nwhat were the opportunities he had,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.69,0:08:40.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where were some of the stumbling blocks?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.61,0:08:42.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He, for example, had many opportunities,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.96,0:08:44.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because his family was well off,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.52,0:08:47.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so he went to a private school\Nwhich had computers
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.57,0:08:49.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when even colleges didn't have one,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.30,0:08:50.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so he became a programmer early,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.99,0:08:53.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he was programming\Nand doing things very early on
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.87,0:08:57.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which gave him\Nthe opportunity to be first
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.02,0:09:00.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when software was being commercialized;
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.02,0:09:01.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,complicated story.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.26,0:09:03.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My point isn't one thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.51,0:09:08.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My point is look at these talks\Nas a question mark.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.39,0:09:13.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not a world\Nwhere you can just lean back
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.85,0:09:16.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and be one of the people\Nwho does something.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.29,0:09:20.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In software, in gadgets,\Npeople who design them have a word:
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.91,0:09:23.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lean forward gadgets\Nand lean back gadgets.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.28,0:09:25.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lean back gadgets are the ones
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.22,0:09:29.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that allow you to lean back\Nand not participate much,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.38,0:09:30.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whereas the lean forward ones
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.82,0:09:33.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are the ones where you're doing stuff\Nand participating.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.60,0:09:35.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these talks, while they can be great,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.58,0:09:38.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you don't look at them\Nas a question mark,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.41,0:09:41.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they can seem like lean-back talks.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.57,0:09:44.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They can seem like, "Oh, great story,"
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.87,0:09:47.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they're simplified\Nin 12 minutes, in 15 minutes.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.59,0:09:49.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're going to simplify something.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.31,0:09:51.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when you hear something,\Npull out your phone.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.67,0:09:54.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is there an alternative explanation\Nto the extinction?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.49,0:09:56.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is there more to the story?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.24,0:09:58.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What else could the CIA have done?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.30,0:09:59.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is the NSA doing?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.88,0:10:03.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's the best balance\Nbetween security and surveillance?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.31,0:10:05.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What are other questions we can ask?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.39,0:10:06.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Very good questions.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.84,0:10:11.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do not just listen to us,\Nbecause it's always complicated.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.69,0:10:12.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.87,0:10:14.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's always complicated.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.78,0:10:19.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Any question worth solving,\Nany problem worth tackling,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.50,0:10:21.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will be complicated by human factors,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.70,0:10:23.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,social factors, political factors.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.96,0:10:28.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's those people who don't just\Nwatch the hundred million viewed video,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.30,0:10:31.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but then go watch Rosebell, the 600, 000;
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.14,0:10:33.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and some of those people\Nwho will then go read,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.78,0:10:36.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and some of those people\Nwill maybe become activists for life,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.79,0:10:39.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe some of them\Nwill become policy makers,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.25,0:10:41.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe some of them will become
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.55,0:10:48.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the people who then run for office,\Nrun an organization, who knows?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.18,0:10:51.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not a world\Nin which you can just watch from afar
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.82,0:10:56.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and have these nicely-packaged talks\Ndo the work for you.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.90,0:10:59.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If there's a problem you want to solve,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.45,0:11:02.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if there's a mark\Nyou want to leave in this world,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.07,0:11:05.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just don't just look at it as a period,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.68,0:11:08.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,look at it as a question mark; always.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.07,0:11:11.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But don't take my word for it.\NDig deep, dig deep.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.37,0:11:12.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.45,0:11:13.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)