[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.63,0:00:02.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hello everybody.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.06,0:00:04.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm here tonight to share with you
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.00,0:00:08.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,two of the most fundamental\Ninsights of my research,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.02,0:00:11.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of which I truly believe\Nmany more people should know about.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.82,0:00:14.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First, humanity as a whole
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.94,0:00:18.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has over the last couple\Nof decades experienced
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.28,0:00:24.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a massive and actually unprecedented\Ntransformation of moral values.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.09,0:00:30.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Second, and even more importantly,\Nthis transformation is a good thing,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.08,0:00:35.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it brings to the surface\Nthe better moral qualities of our species.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.55,0:00:39.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, hearing that, you might think,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.94,0:00:42.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"This person must live\Nin a different reality."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.12,0:00:46.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Haven't I heard about Brexit, Trump,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.68,0:00:49.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rising populism, right-wing extremism,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.80,0:00:52.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,global terrorism,\Nreligious fundamentalism,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.57,0:00:57.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and all the other indications\Nof our moral decline?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.72,0:01:04.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Indeed, influential critics\Ntried to convince us since the ages
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.75,0:01:10.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that our undeniable technological progress
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.81,0:01:15.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is counteracted by a moral digression,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.27,0:01:19.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which opens a growing discrepancy
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.08,0:01:24.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between our technological capacities\Nand our moral qualities.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.61,0:01:28.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The problem of the critics, however,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.52,0:01:34.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is they never proved their point\Nby systematic evidence through hard facts.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.88,0:01:38.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What they usually do\Nis cherry-picking examples
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.35,0:01:41.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that fit their claims,\Nbut leaving out others that don't.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.25,0:01:45.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's try a different approach.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.99,0:01:50.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's have a look\Nat a collection of systematic data
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.72,0:01:54.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of what people from all corners\Naround the world
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.28,0:01:56.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,think is morally right or wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.40,0:02:00.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That data collection\Nexists for several decades,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.12,0:02:03.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so what we can do, as well,\Nis look at change over time,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.94,0:02:08.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if there is any, and then if,\Nin what direction is it going.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.73,0:02:13.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The data collection I'm referring to\Nis knows as the World Values Survey.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.51,0:02:18.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you're interested in the details\Nand how this study is conducted,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.12,0:02:21.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can go at their website,\Nwhich is on display here.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.38,0:02:26.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In blue colors, we see\Nthe countries in the world
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.10,0:02:29.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that have been surveyed at least once\Nby the World Values Survey.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.87,0:02:32.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is more than 100 countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.01,0:02:33.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But more importantly,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.65,0:02:37.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we cover in each global region\Nthe biggest national population.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.45,0:02:39.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have China, and Japan, in East Asia.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.81,0:02:42.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have India, Indonesia, in South Asia.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.29,0:02:45.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have Nigeria and South Africa,\Nin Sub-Saharan Africa.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.54,0:02:48.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have Egypt, Iran, Turkey\Nin the Middle East.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.53,0:02:50.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have the US\Nin North America, of course.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.97,0:02:55.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have Brazil and Argentina covered\Nin South America, and so on and so forth.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.83,0:02:58.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we can claim that our data represent
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.76,0:03:01.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more than 90% of the world population,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.77,0:03:03.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is significant.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.59,0:03:10.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We find in this data\Na whole host of moral differences
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.98,0:03:14.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between people and between entire nations.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.77,0:03:19.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, we sifted through this data\Nfor many years, and it turns out
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.86,0:03:24.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that most of these differences\Nboil down to just two,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.77,0:03:29.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just two key domains\Nof cultural variation.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.07,0:03:34.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of them you see\Non the horizontal axis,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.05,0:03:39.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where it spans a continuum\Nfrom sacred to secular values.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.95,0:03:44.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Populations on the left end emphasize
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.37,0:03:51.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the sacred sources\Nof authority, especially religion,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.43,0:03:55.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also the nation,\Nthe state, the family.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.15,0:04:00.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Populations on the right\Nhave a secular distance
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.44,0:04:04.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to these sources of authority,\Nespecially, again, religion.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.100,0:04:08.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The second dimension\Nis on the vertical axis,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.67,0:04:10.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it spans a polarity
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.51,0:04:14.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between patriarchal\Nand emancipative values.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.71,0:04:18.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the lower end, at the patriarchal end,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.51,0:04:23.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,populations emphasize\Nmale superiority over women
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.47,0:04:27.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the areas of education,\Nin the areas of access to jobs,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.85,0:04:30.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in the areas of political power.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.12,0:04:34.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They also emphasize strict authority\Nof parents over their children
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.24,0:04:38.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and such things as strict discipline,\Nlaw and order, and related things.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.89,0:04:43.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Populations at the upper end,\Nat the emancipative end,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.94,0:04:47.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,emphasize women's equality to men.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.23,0:04:53.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Child autonomy, self-determination,\Nand democratic voice
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.93,0:04:55.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is part of what they emphasize.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.90,0:04:59.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see, there is\Na lot of countries covered here,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.64,0:05:04.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but another interesting point\Nis that these many nations cluster
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.12,0:05:10.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into a much smaller number\Nof what we call "culture zones,"
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.14,0:05:13.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which map on these\Ncultural differences, as well,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.33,0:05:14.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as you have seen before.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.70,0:05:21.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We colored blue\Nthe Western cultural zones,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.18,0:05:25.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's apparent that they differ\Nfrom the non-Western culture zones,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.66,0:05:31.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially on the dimension \Nof patriarchal versus emancipative values,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.35,0:05:35.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the Western culture\Nis actually defined, in a sense,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.11,0:05:40.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by an emphasis on emancipation much more\Nthan other cultural zones in the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.13,0:05:43.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and even the Protestant West\Nsticks even more out here,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.67,0:05:46.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the biggest cultural distance \Nthat we find
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.41,0:05:50.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is between the Protestant West\Nand the Islamic world,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.23,0:05:52.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with many people in the Islamic world
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.91,0:05:57.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,emphasizing sacred values\Nand patriarchal values,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.32,0:05:59.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and most of the people\Nin the Protestant West
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.87,0:06:04.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,emphasizing secular values,\Nand especially emancipative values.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.52,0:06:14.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Scholars usually consider\Nsuch cultural distances, or differences,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.44,0:06:20.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a constant, as enduring traits\Nof national mentalities.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.24,0:06:28.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This overlooks, however, how much dynamics\Nthere was over recent decades
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.36,0:06:30.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in these moral values.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.81,0:06:37.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Surprisingly, all cultural zones\Nof the world have uniformly moved
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.08,0:06:38.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the same direction.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.18,0:06:43.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even the Islamic world,\Neven in Sub-Saharan Africa,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.26,0:06:46.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we see a movement towards more secular,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.92,0:06:50.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and especially towards\Nmore emancipative values.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.79,0:06:58.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the other hand, it is also clear\Nthat the Western cultures
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.06,0:07:03.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,made a much farther space\Nin that direction,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.27,0:07:05.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so their move is even more pronounced,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.11,0:07:10.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which means that the emancipatory outlook\Nof Western culture is nowadays
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.68,0:07:15.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even more pronounced\Nthan it already has been decades ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.52,0:07:21.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, the fact that all cultural zones\Nare moving in the same direction
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.30,0:07:24.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,does not lead to convergence.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.25,0:07:28.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cultural differences\Nhave actually become bigger,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.83,0:07:32.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is an issue of conflict.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.87,0:07:38.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Looking at the forces\Nthat might be driving this change
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.91,0:07:42.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,towards emancipative values,\Nwe get a hint here.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.33,0:07:45.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We see knowledge economies,\Nwhich are those countries
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.93,0:07:49.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that obtain their wealth\Nfrom high-end products and services.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.49,0:07:53.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have industrial economies,\Nwhich are those countries
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.34,0:07:58.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that obtain their wealth\Nfrom cheap workbench production.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.57,0:08:03.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, those ones into \Nwhich we outsource our labor a lot.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.49,0:08:05.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we have agrarian/oil economies,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.77,0:08:08.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,obtaining their wealth\Nfrom natural products and raw materials.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.25,0:08:18.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A criterion distinguishing these economies\Nis what I call the enlightenment forces,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.28,0:08:22.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is: education,\Nknowledge, and science.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.85,0:08:26.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These enlightenment forces\Nare the most pronounced,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.72,0:08:31.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most powerful, in the knowledge economies,\Nmore so than in the industrial economies,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.26,0:08:36.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which, in turn, have them more powerful\Nthan agrarian and oil economies.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.26,0:08:43.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here we can see that it is worthwhile\Nto send our children into school
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.96,0:08:47.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to universities and to college,\Nand let them enjoy education.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.97,0:08:50.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is a transformative force.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.99,0:08:52.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In all three types of economies,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.82,0:08:56.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we see that people\Nwho have obtained more education
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.86,0:09:01.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,emphasize emancipative values\Nmore strongly.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.02,0:09:04.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again, this is more pronounced\Nin knowledge economies,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.06,0:09:06.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the enlightenment forces\Nare most powerful.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.21,0:09:12.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you ask yourself the question:
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.57,0:09:15.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that move towards\Nstronger emancipative values,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.88,0:09:18.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is this something good, is this positive?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.55,0:09:24.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From the viewpoint\Nof democracy, it certainly is.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.80,0:09:30.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because here we can see\Nthat over the decades, from 1950 to 2010,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.58,0:09:34.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,culture zones have made a shift
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.58,0:09:38.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from more autocratic\Nto more democratic circumstances,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.63,0:09:42.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to about the extent\Nto which their populations
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.01,0:09:45.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have shifted from patriarchal\Nto emancipative values.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.83,0:09:50.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can actually see\Nthat oftentimes, a move to the right -
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.12,0:09:52.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that means, towards\Nmore emancipative values -
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.35,0:09:55.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,precedes a move upward,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.34,0:09:59.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which suggests\Nthat the value change is causal
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.51,0:10:02.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the subsequent change in institutions,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.52,0:10:05.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not the other way around.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.49,0:10:11.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An even more fundamental reason\Nwhy we can consider
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.46,0:10:15.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the rise of emancipative values\Nas a force of enlightenment,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.80,0:10:18.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is these values tendency
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.73,0:10:22.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to produce what I call\N"moral universalism."
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.84,0:10:28.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is, the widening\Nof our circles of solidarity
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.09,0:10:35.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to an extent to an outer rim\Nplanet in humanity,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.00,0:10:41.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the concerns about these things\Ndefy group divisions,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.96,0:10:44.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because everyone is included.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.75,0:10:49.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Patriarchal values, by contrast,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.28,0:10:58.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,favor the opposite moral tendency\Ntowards moral parochialism.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.66,0:10:59.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is that?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.60,0:11:03.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That means the narrowing down\Nof the solidarity circle.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.37,0:11:06.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"My nation first", "America first" -
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.24,0:11:10.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these are the slogans that depict\Nthat moral tendency.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.26,0:11:19.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here we can see the shift from \Npatriarchal to emancipative values
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.37,0:11:23.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is indeed related to a shift\Nfrom moral parochialism
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.56,0:11:25.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to moral universalism,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.36,0:11:29.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through the expansion\Nof our circles of solidarity,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.21,0:11:31.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of our empathy for others.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.07,0:11:35.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is measured here, for example,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.02,0:11:37.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by environmental concern\Nabout global change
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.58,0:11:40.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and by fighting poverty in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.78,0:11:44.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, the concern for the planet\Nand for humanity is covered here.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.62,0:11:49.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there are also problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.43,0:11:56.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The rise of emancipative values\Nhas also created cultural conflict
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.89,0:12:01.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over moral universalism\Nversus parochialism.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.86,0:12:06.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This applies to a particular segment\Nof Western electorates.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.00,0:12:09.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is a segment of the population
Dialogue: 0,0:12:09.80,0:12:13.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that has been left behind\Nby the emancipatory mainstream,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.27,0:12:16.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that does not get a lot of education,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.55,0:12:22.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and accordingly is working\Nin low-skilled manual jobs
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.60,0:12:26.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are threatened\Nto be outsourced to other countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.78,0:12:30.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The working class, to simplify it.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.27,0:12:34.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This working class\Nin the economic conflict
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.39,0:12:37.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between social security\Nand market competition,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.42,0:12:39.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's located on the left.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.99,0:12:45.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also, ideologically on the left,\Nthey are in favor of social security,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.15,0:12:49.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is where usually leftist parties,\Nsocial democratic parties,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.30,0:12:53.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Democratic Party in the US\Ncontacts, picks these voters up.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.95,0:13:00.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, on the moral conflict\Nbetween universalism and parochialism,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.45,0:13:02.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're on the parochial end.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.20,0:13:06.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a moral conflict;\Nthis is not an economic conflict.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.60,0:13:10.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These people want to narrow\Nthe circle of solidarity.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.60,0:13:14.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again, "My nation first,"\N"Make America great again."
Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.41,0:13:17.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And let no immigrants\Nin anymore, build a wall.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.00,0:13:22.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is parochialism, and these people\Nare located there for reasons.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:23.30,0:13:27.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is where now\Nthe rising forces of populism,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.17,0:13:31.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Vlaams Blok and Front national in France,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.82,0:13:34.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Liberal Party in Austria, where they,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:34.50,0:13:39.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including Trump in the United States,\Npick these people up as their voters.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.30,0:13:46.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The other area\Nof emerging cultural conflict
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.41,0:13:50.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over issues of emancipation\Nis immigration.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:51.83,0:13:56.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Especially immigration\Nfrom non-Western populations
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.86,0:13:58.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into Western countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.24,0:14:04.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I exemplify this here\Nat the case of Germany,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.71,0:14:10.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is a very typical\Npost-industrial Western society.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:12.37,0:14:16.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The left bar shows\Nthat the native, host population
Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.27,0:14:18.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,born in Germany, German citizens,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:18.96,0:14:21.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they score very high\Non emancipative values.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.73,0:14:25.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sixty-two percent of this population
Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.74,0:14:29.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,emphasizes this type of values strongly.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:30.69,0:14:34.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First-generation immigrants,\Nwhich is the lower bar on the right side,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.15,0:14:37.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are very, very different.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.92,0:14:43.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They emphasize these values\Nnot even to 20% of this group,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.87,0:14:47.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these are immigrants\Nfrom non-Western cultures.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.82,0:14:53.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, it creates\Na cultural gap over these issues,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.54,0:14:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these are important lifestyle issues.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:57.00,0:14:59.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Gender equality,\Ntolerance of homosexuality,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.34,0:15:01.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all these issues are related to that.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:03.65,0:15:08.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Given the centrality\Nthat emancipative values have
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.31,0:15:10.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for a healthy democracy,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:10.23,0:15:11.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is not trivial.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:12.65,0:15:18.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a challenge, and we need\Nto face it in order to tackle it.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:21.26,0:15:25.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The good news, however,\Nis we can master the challenge,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:25.14,0:15:27.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it's also obvious from the data
Dialogue: 0,0:15:27.40,0:15:29.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- and these are the three bars\Nin the middle -
Dialogue: 0,0:15:29.62,0:15:34.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that second-generation immigrants\Nalready are very close
Dialogue: 0,0:15:34.91,0:15:38.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in their emphasis on emancipative values\Nwhere the host population is.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:38.84,0:15:41.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So obviously, socialization\Nin this country does work.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:44.29,0:15:46.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which relates us to the point:
Dialogue: 0,0:15:46.63,0:15:49.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can we strengthen
Dialogue: 0,0:15:49.91,0:15:55.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the effectiveness and the pace\Nof that socialization process?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:56.91,0:15:58.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can we do that?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:59.48,0:16:05.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this relates me to my final point,\Nwhich is actually a call for action.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:06.30,0:16:08.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I believe what we need to do
Dialogue: 0,0:16:08.55,0:16:13.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to thoroughly rethink\Nour civic education programs
Dialogue: 0,0:16:15.30,0:16:18.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to target them particularly\Nto the immigrant population.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:19.72,0:16:23.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most importantly, what we also need\Nto do while doing this,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:23.36,0:16:29.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to place the psychology\Nof emancipative values center stage
Dialogue: 0,0:16:29.59,0:16:32.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the curriculum of these programs.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:33.90,0:16:35.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)