1
00:00:00,553 --> 00:00:04,894
OK, so today I want to talk about
how we talk about love.

2
00:00:05,302 --> 00:00:06,411
And specifically,

3
00:00:06,411 --> 00:00:09,846
I want to talk about what's wrong
with how we talk about love.

4
00:00:10,753 --> 00:00:15,762
Most of us will probably fall in love
a few times over the course of our lives,

5
00:00:15,762 --> 00:00:17,834
and in the English language,

6
00:00:17,834 --> 00:00:18,970
this metaphor,

7
00:00:18,970 --> 00:00:20,060
falling,

8
00:00:20,060 --> 00:00:23,074
is really the main way that we
talk about that experience.

9
00:00:23,642 --> 00:00:24,806
I don't know about you,

10
00:00:24,806 --> 00:00:26,954
but when I conceptualize this metaphor,

11
00:00:26,954 --> 00:00:29,832
what I picture is straight
out of a cartoon.

12
00:00:30,196 --> 00:00:31,515
Like there's a man,

13
00:00:31,515 --> 00:00:33,419
he's walking down the sidewalk,

14
00:00:33,419 --> 00:00:36,554
without realizing it he crosses
over an open manhole,

15
00:00:36,554 --> 00:00:39,946
and he just plummets
into the sewer below.

16
00:00:40,238 --> 00:00:44,318
And I picture it this way because
falling is not jumping.

17
00:00:44,825 --> 00:00:47,074
Falling is accidental,

18
00:00:47,074 --> 00:00:48,805
it's uncontrollable.

19
00:00:48,805 --> 00:00:52,077
It's something that happens to us
without our consent.

20
00:00:52,380 --> 00:00:53,694
And this --

21
00:00:53,694 --> 00:00:57,261
this is the main way we talk
about starting a new relationship.

22
00:00:58,337 --> 00:01:02,225
I am a writer and I'm also
and English teacher,

23
00:01:02,225 --> 00:01:04,533
which means I think about
words for a living.

24
00:01:04,533 --> 00:01:08,706
You could say that I get paid
to argue that the language we use matters,

25
00:01:08,706 --> 00:01:12,929
and I would like to argue that many
of the metaphors we use

26
00:01:12,929 --> 00:01:14,519
to talk about love --

27
00:01:14,519 --> 00:01:16,310
maybe even most of them --

28
00:01:16,310 --> 00:01:17,879
are a problem.

29
00:01:18,717 --> 00:01:21,350
So, in love we fall.

30
00:01:21,766 --> 00:01:23,588
We're struck ...

31
00:01:23,588 --> 00:01:25,641
we are crushed ...

32
00:01:25,641 --> 00:01:27,353
we swoon ...

33
00:01:27,353 --> 00:01:29,150
we burn with passion.

34
00:01:29,849 --> 00:01:31,983
Love makes us crazy,

35
00:01:31,983 --> 00:01:33,596
and it makes us sick.

36
00:01:33,868 --> 00:01:35,429
Our hearts ache,

37
00:01:35,429 --> 00:01:37,435
and then they break.

38
00:01:38,417 --> 00:01:41,584
So our metaphors equate
the experience of loving someone

39
00:01:41,584 --> 00:01:44,260
to extreme violence or illness.

40
00:01:44,260 --> 00:01:45,760
(Laughter)

41
00:01:47,159 --> 00:01:48,164
They do.

42
00:01:48,164 --> 00:01:50,542
And they position us as the victims

43
00:01:50,542 --> 00:01:53,797
of unforeseen and totally
unavoidable circumstances.

44
00:01:54,642 --> 00:01:57,544
My favorite one of these is "smitten,"

45
00:01:57,544 --> 00:02:00,366
which is the past participle
of the word smite.

46
00:02:00,366 --> 00:02:03,628
And if you look this word up
in the dictionary --

47
00:02:03,628 --> 00:02:04,628
(Laughter)

48
00:02:04,628 --> 00:02:09,045
You will see that it can be defined
as both grievous affliction

49
00:02:09,045 --> 00:02:11,896
and to be very much in love.

50
00:02:13,181 --> 00:02:17,084
So, I tend to associate the word smite
with a very particular context,

51
00:02:17,084 --> 00:02:18,816
which is the Old Testament.

52
00:02:19,560 --> 00:02:24,720
In the Book of Exodus alone
there are 16 references to smiting,

53
00:02:24,720 --> 00:02:28,516
which is the word that the bible uses
for the vengeance of an angry God.

54
00:02:29,874 --> 00:02:32,733
Here we are using the same
word to talk about love

55
00:02:32,733 --> 00:02:35,379
that we use to explain
a plague of locusts.

56
00:02:35,702 --> 00:02:36,703
(Laughter)

57
00:02:36,703 --> 00:02:37,695
Right?

58
00:02:37,695 --> 00:02:39,501
So, how did this happen?

59
00:02:39,501 --> 00:02:43,339
How have we come to associate love
with great pain and suffering?

60
00:02:43,611 --> 00:02:47,674
And why do we talk about
this ostensibly good experience

61
00:02:47,674 --> 00:02:49,778
as if we are victims?

62
00:02:50,556 --> 00:02:52,271
These are difficult questions,

63
00:02:52,271 --> 00:02:53,671
but I have some theories.

64
00:02:53,941 --> 00:02:55,199
And to think this through,

65
00:02:55,199 --> 00:02:58,043
I want to focus on one
metaphor in particular,

66
00:02:58,043 --> 00:03:00,470
which is the idea of love is madness.

67
00:03:01,199 --> 00:03:04,028
When I first started
researching romantic love,

68
00:03:04,028 --> 00:03:06,867
I found these madness
metaphors everywhere.

69
00:03:06,867 --> 00:03:08,731
The history of Western culture

70
00:03:08,731 --> 00:03:12,942
is full of language that equates
love to mental illness.

71
00:03:13,440 --> 00:03:15,391
These are just a few examples.

72
00:03:15,391 --> 00:03:16,863
William Shakespeare:

73
00:03:16,863 --> 00:03:18,319
"Love is merely a madness,"

74
00:03:18,319 --> 00:03:19,786
from "As You Like It."

75
00:03:20,164 --> 00:03:21,573
Friedrich Nietsche,

76
00:03:21,573 --> 00:03:24,370
"There is always some madness in love."

77
00:03:24,750 --> 00:03:27,639
"Got me looking, got me looking
so crazy in love -- "

78
00:03:27,639 --> 00:03:29,027
(Laughter)

79
00:03:29,648 --> 00:03:32,269
From the great philosopher,
Beyoncé Knowles.

80
00:03:32,269 --> 00:03:33,622
(Laughter)

81
00:03:35,163 --> 00:03:38,020
I fell in love for the first
time when I was 20,

82
00:03:38,020 --> 00:03:41,036
and it was a pretty turbulent
relationship right from the start.

83
00:03:41,363 --> 00:03:44,874
And it was long distance
for the first couple of years,

84
00:03:44,874 --> 00:03:49,470
so for me that meant very
high highs and very low lows.

85
00:03:50,041 --> 00:03:52,742
I can remember one moment in particular;

86
00:03:52,742 --> 00:03:56,110
I was sitting on a bed
in a hostel in South America,

87
00:03:56,110 --> 00:03:59,806
and I was watching the person
I love walk out the door.

88
00:04:00,222 --> 00:04:02,045
And it was late,

89
00:04:02,045 --> 00:04:03,328
it was nearly midnight,

90
00:04:03,328 --> 00:04:05,328
we'd gotten into an argument over dinner,

91
00:04:05,328 --> 00:04:07,300
and when we got back to our room,

92
00:04:07,300 --> 00:04:10,380
he threw his things in the bag
and stormed out.

93
00:04:11,308 --> 00:04:14,703
While I can no longer remember
what that argument was about,

94
00:04:14,703 --> 00:04:18,758
I very clearly remember
how I felt watching him leave.

95
00:04:19,122 --> 00:04:20,878
So I was 22,

96
00:04:20,878 --> 00:04:23,750
it was my first time
in the developing world,

97
00:04:23,750 --> 00:04:25,971
and I was totally alone.

98
00:04:26,587 --> 00:04:30,134
I had another week until my flight home,

99
00:04:30,134 --> 00:04:32,525
and I knew the name
of the town that I was in,

100
00:04:32,525 --> 00:04:36,131
and the name of the city 
that I needed to get to to fly out,

101
00:04:36,131 --> 00:04:40,057
but I had no idea how to get around,

102
00:04:40,057 --> 00:04:43,327
I had no guidebook and very little money,

103
00:04:43,327 --> 00:04:45,097
and I spoke no Spanish.

104
00:04:45,547 --> 00:04:47,893
So, someone more adventurous than me

105
00:04:47,893 --> 00:04:50,429
might have seen this as
a moment of opportunity,

106
00:04:50,429 --> 00:04:52,259
but I just froze.

107
00:04:52,581 --> 00:04:54,818
I just sat there.

108
00:04:54,818 --> 00:04:56,974
And then I burst into tears.

109
00:04:57,556 --> 00:04:59,950
But despite my panic,

110
00:04:59,950 --> 00:05:02,543
some small voice in my head thought,

111
00:05:02,543 --> 00:05:04,956
"Wow, that was dramatic.

112
00:05:04,956 --> 00:05:07,654
I must really be doing
this love thing right."

113
00:05:07,988 --> 00:05:09,207
(Laughter)

114
00:05:09,417 --> 00:05:14,084
Because some part of me
wanted to feel miserable in love.

115
00:05:14,337 --> 00:05:16,313
And it sounds so strange to me now,

116
00:05:16,313 --> 00:05:17,800
but at 22,

117
00:05:17,800 --> 00:05:21,275
I longed to have dramatic experiences,

118
00:05:21,275 --> 00:05:26,216
and in that moment I was irrational
and furious and devastated,

119
00:05:26,216 --> 00:05:27,463
and weirdly enough,

120
00:05:27,463 --> 00:05:30,862
I thought that this somehow
legitimized the feelings I had

121
00:05:30,862 --> 00:05:32,907
for the guy who had just left me.

122
00:05:34,354 --> 00:05:38,740
I think on some level I wanted
to feel a little bit crazy,

123
00:05:38,740 --> 00:05:42,600
because I thought that
that was how loved worked.

124
00:05:43,332 --> 00:05:45,355
This really should not be surpsising

125
00:05:45,355 --> 00:05:47,697
considering that according to Wikipedia,

126
00:05:47,697 --> 00:05:49,953
there are eight films,

127
00:05:49,953 --> 00:05:51,973
14 songs,

128
00:05:51,973 --> 00:05:55,399
two albums and one novel
with the title "Crazy Love."

129
00:05:56,020 --> 00:05:57,616
About half-an-hour later,

130
00:05:57,616 --> 00:05:59,059
he came back to our room.

131
00:05:59,059 --> 00:06:00,055
We made up,

132
00:06:00,055 --> 00:06:03,235
we spent another mostly
happy week travelling together,

133
00:06:03,235 --> 00:06:04,690
and then when I got home,

134
00:06:04,690 --> 00:06:10,133
I thought, "That was so
terrible and so great,

135
00:06:10,133 --> 00:06:12,546
this must be a real romance."

136
00:06:13,261 --> 00:06:15,984
I expected my first love
to feel like madness,

137
00:06:15,984 --> 00:06:19,697
and of course it met
that expectation very well.

138
00:06:20,116 --> 00:06:21,830
But loving someone like that --

139
00:06:21,830 --> 00:06:25,978
as if my entire well-being depended
on him loving me back --

140
00:06:25,978 --> 00:06:28,177
was not very good for me,

141
00:06:28,177 --> 00:06:29,234
or for him.

142
00:06:29,985 --> 00:06:33,686
But I suspect this experience of love
is not that unusual.

143
00:06:34,137 --> 00:06:38,477
Most of us do feel a bit mad
in the early stages of romantic love.

144
00:06:38,863 --> 00:06:43,367
In fact there is research to confirm
that this is somewhat normal,

145
00:06:43,367 --> 00:06:45,276
because neurochemically speaking,

146
00:06:45,276 --> 00:06:50,008
romantic love and mental illness
are not that easily distinguished.

147
00:06:51,172 --> 00:06:52,292
This is true.

148
00:06:52,292 --> 00:06:56,874
So, this study from 1999 used blood tests

149
00:06:56,874 --> 00:07:00,071
to confirm that the serotonin
levels of the newly in love

150
00:07:00,071 --> 00:07:02,743
very closely resemembeled
the serotonin levels

151
00:07:02,743 --> 00:07:06,206
of people who had been diagnosed
with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

152
00:07:06,206 --> 00:07:07,207
(Laughter)

153
00:07:07,207 --> 00:07:08,205
Yes,

154
00:07:08,205 --> 00:07:10,116
and low levels of serotonin

155
00:07:10,116 --> 00:07:13,650
are also associated
with Seasonal affective disorder

156
00:07:13,650 --> 00:07:15,107
and Depression.

157
00:07:15,687 --> 00:07:18,137
So, there is some evidence

158
00:07:18,137 --> 00:07:22,430
that love is associated with changes
to our moods and our behaviors,

159
00:07:22,430 --> 00:07:25,388
and there are other studies

160
00:07:25,388 --> 00:07:30,150
to confirm that most
relationships begin this way.

161
00:07:30,806 --> 00:07:34,992
Researchers believe 
that the low levels of serotonin

162
00:07:34,992 --> 00:07:39,225
is correlated with obsessive thinking
about the object of love,

163
00:07:39,225 --> 00:07:43,155
which is like this feeling that someone
has set up camp in your brain.

164
00:07:43,155 --> 00:07:46,109
And most of us feel this way
when we first fall in love,

165
00:07:46,109 --> 00:07:49,370
but the good news is that it
doesn't always last that long --

166
00:07:49,370 --> 00:07:52,480
usually from a few months
to a couple of years.

167
00:07:53,590 --> 00:07:56,332
When I got back from
my trip to South America,

168
00:07:56,332 --> 00:07:59,932
I spent a lot of time alone in my room,

169
00:07:59,932 --> 00:08:01,318
checking my email,

170
00:08:01,318 --> 00:08:03,989
desperate to hear from the guy I loved.

171
00:08:04,744 --> 00:08:10,052
I decided that if my friends could not
understand my grievous affliction,

172
00:08:10,052 --> 00:08:12,074
then I did not need their friendship.

173
00:08:12,074 --> 00:08:14,459
So, I stopped hanging out
with most of them.

174
00:08:14,459 --> 00:08:19,341
And it was probably the most
unhappy year of my life,

175
00:08:19,341 --> 00:08:23,905
but I think I felt like it was
my job to be miserable,

176
00:08:23,905 --> 00:08:25,720
because if I could be miserable,

177
00:08:25,720 --> 00:08:28,595
then I would prove how much I loved him,

178
00:08:28,595 --> 00:08:30,503
and if I could prove it,

179
00:08:30,503 --> 00:08:33,868
then we would have to
end up together eventually.

180
00:08:34,265 --> 00:08:36,376
This is the real madness,

181
00:08:36,376 --> 00:08:38,794
because there is no cosmic rule

182
00:08:38,794 --> 00:08:42,581
that says that great suffering
equals great reward,

183
00:08:42,581 --> 00:08:46,485
but we talk about love as if this is true.

184
00:08:47,742 --> 00:08:51,481
Our experiences of love are both
biological and cultural.

185
00:08:51,774 --> 00:08:54,477
Our biology tells us that love is good

186
00:08:54,477 --> 00:08:57,654
by activating these reward
circuits in our brain,

187
00:08:57,654 --> 00:09:02,297
and it tells us that love is painful
when after a fight or a breakup

188
00:09:02,297 --> 00:09:04,876
that neurochemical reward is withdrawn.

189
00:09:05,332 --> 00:09:06,329
And in fact --

190
00:09:06,329 --> 00:09:07,848
and maybe you've heard this --

191
00:09:07,848 --> 00:09:09,715
neurochemically speaking,

192
00:09:09,715 --> 00:09:13,866
going through a breakup is a lot
like going through cocaine withdrawal,

193
00:09:13,866 --> 00:09:15,525
which I find reassuring --

194
00:09:15,525 --> 00:09:16,534
(Laughter)

195
00:09:17,241 --> 00:09:20,096
And then our culture uses language

196
00:09:20,096 --> 00:09:22,900
to shape and reinforce
these ideas about love.

197
00:09:22,900 --> 00:09:23,895
In this case,

198
00:09:23,895 --> 00:09:27,509
we're talking about metaphors
about pain, and addiction, and madness.

199
00:09:27,826 --> 00:09:30,641
It's kind of an interesting feedback loop.

200
00:09:30,641 --> 00:09:34,181
Love is powerful and at times painful,

201
00:09:34,181 --> 00:09:37,325
and we express this
in our words and stories,

202
00:09:37,325 --> 00:09:43,433
but then our words and stories prime us
to expect love to be powerful and painful.

203
00:09:44,075 --> 00:09:45,577
What's interesting to me

204
00:09:45,577 --> 00:09:50,105
is that all of this happens in a culture
that values lifelong monogamy.

205
00:09:50,810 --> 00:09:53,013
It seems like we want it both ways:

206
00:09:53,013 --> 00:09:55,838
we want love to feel like madness,

207
00:09:55,838 --> 00:09:58,984
and we want it to last an entire lifetime.

208
00:09:59,617 --> 00:10:01,179
That sounds terrible.

209
00:10:01,538 --> 00:10:03,067
(Laughter)

210
00:10:04,051 --> 00:10:05,670
To reconcile this,

211
00:10:05,670 --> 00:10:10,695
we need to either change our culture
or change our expectations.

212
00:10:11,543 --> 00:10:15,438
So, imagine if we were all
less passive in love.

213
00:10:15,786 --> 00:10:20,085
If we were more assertive,
more open-mined, more generous,

214
00:10:20,085 --> 00:10:23,352
and instead of falling in love,

215
00:10:23,352 --> 00:10:25,503
we stepped into love.

216
00:10:26,326 --> 00:10:28,393
I know that this is asking a lot,

217
00:10:28,393 --> 00:10:32,158
but I'm not actually the first
person to suggest this.

218
00:10:33,179 --> 00:10:35,764
In their book "Metaphors We Live By,"

219
00:10:35,764 --> 00:10:40,683
linguists Mark Johnson and George Lakoff
suggest a really interesting solution

220
00:10:40,683 --> 00:10:42,587
to this dilemna,

221
00:10:42,587 --> 00:10:45,374
which is to change our metaphors.

222
00:10:45,930 --> 00:10:51,238
They argue that metaphors really do
shape the way we experience the world,

223
00:10:51,238 --> 00:10:54,815
and that they can even act
as a guide for future actions,

224
00:10:54,815 --> 00:10:56,973
like self-fulfilling prophecies.

225
00:10:57,609 --> 00:11:02,113
Johnson and Lakoff suggest
a new metaphor for love:

226
00:11:02,113 --> 00:11:04,553
love is a collaborative work of art.

227
00:11:05,000 --> 00:11:08,050
I really like this way
of thinking about love.

228
00:11:09,171 --> 00:11:12,797
Linguists talk about metaphors
as having entailments,

229
00:11:12,797 --> 00:11:16,616
which is essentially a way of considering
all the implications of,

230
00:11:16,616 --> 00:11:19,546
or ideas contained
within a given metaphor.

231
00:11:19,546 --> 00:11:22,347
And Johnson and Lakoff
talk about everything

232
00:11:22,347 --> 00:11:25,048
that collaborating
on a work of art entails:

233
00:11:25,048 --> 00:11:29,203
effort, compromise,
patience, shared goals.

234
00:11:29,735 --> 00:11:33,698
These ideas align nicely
with our cultural investment

235
00:11:33,698 --> 00:11:35,876
in long-term romantic commitment,

236
00:11:35,876 --> 00:11:40,211
but they also work well
for other kinds of relationships --

237
00:11:40,211 --> 00:11:45,774
short-term, casual, polyamorous,
non-monogamous, asexual --

238
00:11:45,774 --> 00:11:49,724
because this metaphor brings
much more complex ideas

239
00:11:49,724 --> 00:11:51,895
to the experience of loving someone.

240
00:11:52,670 --> 00:11:57,295
So if love is a collaborative work of art,

241
00:11:57,295 --> 00:12:01,012
then love is an aesthetic experience.

242
00:12:01,676 --> 00:12:04,264
Love is unpredictable,

243
00:12:04,264 --> 00:12:07,089
love is creative,

244
00:12:07,089 --> 00:12:11,245
love requires communication
and discipline,

245
00:12:11,245 --> 00:12:14,979
it is frustrating and
emotionally demanding,

246
00:12:14,979 --> 00:12:18,418
and love involves both joy and pain.

247
00:12:18,988 --> 00:12:22,823
Ultimately, each experience
of love is different.

248
00:12:23,854 --> 00:12:25,635
When I was younger,

249
00:12:25,635 --> 00:12:27,087
it never occurred to me

250
00:12:27,087 --> 00:12:30,385
that I was allowed to demand
more from love,

251
00:12:30,385 --> 00:12:34,078
that I didn't have to just accept
whatever love offered.

252
00:12:34,998 --> 00:12:38,725
When 14-year-old Juliet first meets --

253
00:12:38,725 --> 00:12:42,395
when 14-year-old Juliet
cannot be with Romeo,

254
00:12:42,395 --> 00:12:44,969
whom she has met four days ago,

255
00:12:44,969 --> 00:12:49,078
she does not feel
disappointed or angsty --

256
00:12:49,078 --> 00:12:50,527
where is she?

257
00:12:50,527 --> 00:12:52,334
She wants to die.

258
00:12:52,334 --> 00:12:53,333
Right?

259
00:12:53,333 --> 00:12:54,618
And just as a refesher,

260
00:12:54,618 --> 00:12:55,904
at this point in the play

261
00:12:55,904 --> 00:12:57,317
act three of five,

262
00:12:57,317 --> 00:12:59,745
Romeo is not dead.

263
00:12:59,745 --> 00:13:01,194
He's alive,

264
00:13:01,194 --> 00:13:02,753
he's healthy,

265
00:13:02,753 --> 00:13:05,193
he's just been banished from the city.

266
00:13:06,028 --> 00:13:12,115
I understand that sixteenth-century Verona
is unlike contemporary North America,

267
00:13:12,115 --> 00:13:15,010
and yet when I first read this play --

268
00:13:15,010 --> 00:13:17,514
also at age 14 --

269
00:13:17,514 --> 00:13:20,700
Juliet's suffering made sense to me.

270
00:13:21,542 --> 00:13:26,907
Reframing love as something
I get to create with someone I admire,

271
00:13:26,907 --> 00:13:31,896
rather than something that just happens
to me without my conrol or consent,

272
00:13:31,896 --> 00:13:33,501
is empowering.

273
00:13:33,986 --> 00:13:35,627
It's still hard.

274
00:13:35,627 --> 00:13:41,073
Love still feels totally maddening
and crushing some days,

275
00:13:41,073 --> 00:13:43,211
and when I feel really frustrated,

276
00:13:43,211 --> 00:13:45,146
I have to remind myself

277
00:13:45,146 --> 00:13:48,513
my job in this relationship
is to talk to my partner

278
00:13:48,513 --> 00:13:50,694
about what I want to make together.

279
00:13:52,082 --> 00:13:55,098
This isn't easy either,

280
00:13:55,098 --> 00:13:58,728
but it's just so much better
than the alternative,

281
00:13:58,728 --> 00:14:01,883
which is that thing
that feels like madness.

282
00:14:02,958 --> 00:14:08,315
This version of love is not about winning
of losing someone's affection.

283
00:14:08,992 --> 00:14:12,613
Instead, it requires that you
trust your partner,

284
00:14:12,613 --> 00:14:15,826
and talk about things
when trusting feels difficult,

285
00:14:15,826 --> 00:14:18,295
which sound so simple,

286
00:14:18,295 --> 00:14:22,791
but is actually a kind
of revolutionary, radical act.

287
00:14:23,253 --> 00:14:27,397
This is because you get to stop
thinking about yourself,

288
00:14:27,397 --> 00:14:30,656
and what you're gaining
or losing in your relationship,

289
00:14:30,656 --> 00:14:34,417
and you get to start thinking
about what you have to offer.

290
00:14:35,010 --> 00:14:38,438
This version of love
allows us to say things like,

291
00:14:38,438 --> 00:14:41,768
"Hey, we're not very good collaborators,

292
00:14:41,768 --> 00:14:43,892
maybe this isn't for us,"

293
00:14:43,892 --> 00:14:47,866
or, "That relationship
was shorter than I had planned,

294
00:14:47,866 --> 00:14:50,362
but it was still kind of beautiful."

295
00:14:51,075 --> 00:14:53,888
The beautiful thing about
the collaborative work of art

296
00:14:53,888 --> 00:14:56,911
is that it will not paint
or draw or sculpt itself.

297
00:14:57,274 --> 00:15:01,033
This version of love allows us
to decide what it looks like.

298
00:15:01,033 --> 00:15:02,079
Thank you.

299
00:15:02,079 --> 00:15:03,057
(Applause)