[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.00,0:00:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine yourself standing on a beach,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.00,0:00:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looking out over the ocean,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.00,0:00:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,waves crashing against the shore,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.00,0:00:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,blue as far as your eyes can see.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.00,0:00:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let it really sink in,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.00,0:00:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the sheer scope and size of it all.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.00,0:00:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, ask yourself,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.00,0:00:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"How big is it?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.00,0:00:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How big is the ocean?"
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.00,0:00:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First thing, we need to understand
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.00,0:00:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there really is only one ocean,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.00,0:00:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,consisting of five component basins that we call
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.00,0:00:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Pacific,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.00,0:00:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Atlantic,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.00,0:00:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Indian,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.00,0:00:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Arctic,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.00,0:00:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the Southern.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.00,0:00:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each of these five,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.00,0:00:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while generally referred to as oceans
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.00,0:00:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in and of themselves,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.00,0:00:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are really and truly a part of
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.00,0:00:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a single, massive body of water,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.00,0:00:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one ocean,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.00,0:00:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which defines the very face of planet Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.00,0:01:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The ocean covers roughly 71% of our planet's surface,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.00,0:01:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some 360 million square kilometers,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.00,0:01:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an area in excess of the size of 36 U.S.A.'s.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.00,0:01:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's such a vast spread,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.00,0:01:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when viewed from space,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.00,0:01:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ocean is, by far, the dominant feature of our planet.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.00,0:01:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Speaking of space,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.00,0:01:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ocean currently holds over 1.3 billion,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.00,0:01:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's billion with a "b",
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.00,0:01:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cubic kilometers of water.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.00,0:01:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Put another way,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.00,0:01:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's enough water to immerse
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.00,0:01:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the entire United States
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.00,0:01:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,under a body of salt water
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.00,0:01:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over 132 kilometers tall,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.00,0:01:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a height well beyond the reach of the highest clouds
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.00,0:01:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and extending deep into the upper atmosphere.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.00,0:01:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With all that volume,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.00,0:01:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ocean represents 97%
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.00,0:01:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Earth's total water content.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.00,0:01:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On top of all that,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.00,0:01:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ocean contains upwards of 99%
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.00,0:01:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the world's biosphere,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.00,0:01:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is, the spaces and places where life exists.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.00,0:01:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now let that sink in for a second.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.00,0:02:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The immediate world as we know it,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.00,0:02:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,indeed the totality of all the living space
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.00,0:02:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,encompassed by the continents themselves,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.00,0:02:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all of that represents only 1% of the biosphere.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.00,0:02:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1%!
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.00,0:02:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The ocean is everything else.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.00,0:02:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, the ocean is physically massive.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.00,0:02:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's importance to life is practically unparalleled.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.00,0:02:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It also happens to hold
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.00,0:02:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the greatest geological features of our planet.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.00,0:02:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Quickly, here are four of the most notable.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.00,0:02:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The ocean contains the world's largest mountain range,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.00,0:02:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the mid-ocean ridge.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.00,0:02:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At roughly 65,000 kilometers long,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.00,0:02:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this underwater range is some 10 times
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.00,0:02:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,longer than the longest mountain chain
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.00,0:02:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,found purely on dry land, the Andes.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.00,0:02:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Beneath the Denmark Strait exists
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.00,0:02:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the world's largest waterfall.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.00,0:03:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This massive cataract carries roughly 116 times
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.00,0:03:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more water per second over its edge
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.00,0:03:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than the Congo River's Inga Falls,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.00,0:03:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the largest waterfall by volume on land.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.00,0:03:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The world's tallest mountain is actually found in the ocean,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.00,0:03:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hiding in plain sight.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.00,0:03:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While 4200 meters of Hawaii's Mauna Kea
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.00,0:03:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sit above sea level,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.00,0:03:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,its sides plummet beneath the waves
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.00,0:03:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for another 5800 meters.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.00,0:03:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From its snow-covered top
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.00,0:03:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to it's silt-covered bottom, then,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.00,0:03:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this Hawaiian mountain is roughly 10,000 meters in height,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.00,0:03:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dwarfing tiny Everest's paltry peak
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.00,0:03:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by well over a kilometer.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.00,0:03:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, since we're picking on poor Everest,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.00,0:03:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let's consider the world's deepest canyon,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.00,0:03:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Challenger Deep,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.00,0:03:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,existing 11 kilometers below the ocean's surface,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.00,0:03:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some six times deeper than the Grand Canyon.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.00,0:03:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's deep enough to sink Mount Everest into
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.00,0:03:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and still have over 2.1 kilometers of water
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.00,0:03:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sitting atop its newly submerged peak.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.00,0:03:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Put another way, the depth of the Challenger Deep
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.00,0:04:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is roughly the same height
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.00,0:04:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that commercial airliners travel.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.00,0:04:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, pretty much however you choose to slice it,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.00,0:04:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ocean is capital B
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.00,0:04:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,capital I,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.00,0:04:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,capital G,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.00,0:04:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,BIG!
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.00,0:04:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It defines our planet,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.00,0:04:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,home to the greatest geological features,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.00,0:04:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,comprises the largest living space,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.00,0:04:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and accordingly, is home to the greatest numbers
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.00,0:04:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and forms of life on Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.00,0:04:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is practically incomprehensible in scope.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.00,0:04:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it is not so big,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.00,0:04:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so vast,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.00,0:04:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so extraordinary
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.00,0:04:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as to be untouchable.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.00,0:04:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, with roughly 50% of the world's population
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.00,0:04:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,living within 100 kilometers of the coastline
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.00,0:04:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and with most of the remainder
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.00,0:04:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,living close enough to lakes, rivers, or swamps,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.00,0:04:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all of which ultimately lead to the ocean,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.00,0:04:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,virtually every single person on the planet
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.00,0:04:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has the opportunity to influence the general health
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.00,0:04:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and nature of the world ocean.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.00,0:04:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Evidence of human influence is seen
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.00,0:04:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in every part of the ocean,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.00,0:05:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no matter how deep,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.00,0:05:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no matter how distant.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.00,0:05:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The ocean defines our planet,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.00,0:05:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but, in a very real sense,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.00,0:05:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we define the ocean.