1
00:00:16,441 --> 00:00:30,573
Mizaan- Javed Ahmad Ghamidi

2
00:00:30,573 --> 00:00:39,503
The Social Shariah,
Part- 46

3
00:00:39,503 --> 00:00:44,021
All praise is due to Almighty Allah,
And may the peace and blessings of

4
00:00:44,021 --> 00:00:48,516
Almighty Allah be upon his trustworthy
Prophet Muhammad (pbuh),

5
00:00:48,516 --> 00:00:50,520
I seek refuge with Allah from the
accursed Satan,

6
00:00:50,520 --> 00:00:54,012
In the name of Allah,
most gracious and merciful.

7
00:00:54,012 --> 00:00:59,522
Ladies and Gentlemen, In 'Mizaan', Part 2,
we are discussing Social Shariah.

8
00:00:59,522 --> 00:01:04,578
This is the second part
of this series.

9
00:01:04,578 --> 00:01:08,528
This matter is clear from every 
aspect that,

10
00:01:08,528 --> 00:01:15,044
the Shariah of Islam has established
marriage as the foundation of society.

11
00:01:15,044 --> 00:01:23,484
As a result of this, the most significant,
valuable and divine relationship on earth

12
00:01:23,484 --> 00:01:26,567
is the relationship of parents.

13
00:01:26,567 --> 00:01:33,531
How we should behave with our parents,
ethically speaking,

14
00:01:33,531 --> 00:01:39,544
has already been discussed in the chapter
on morality.

15
00:01:39,544 --> 00:01:46,540
Here, certain legal aspects of this will 
be understood.

16
00:01:46,540 --> 00:01:53,547
I have made the 14th and 15th verse of
Surah Luqmaan as the introduction

17
00:01:53,547 --> 00:01:58,564
to this topic. Surah Luqmaan is
the Quran's 31st Surah.

18
00:01:58,564 --> 00:02:04,531
Wa wassainal insaana bi waalidaihi 
hamalat hu ummuhoo wahnan ‘alaa

19
00:02:04,531 --> 00:02:11,520
wahninw wa fisaaluhoo fee ‘aamaini 
anishkur lee wa liwaalidaika

20
00:02:11,520 --> 00:02:18,500
ilaiyal maseer Wa in jaahadaaka ‘alaaa an
tushrika bee maa laisa laka bihee ‘ilmun

21
00:02:18,500 --> 00:02:23,496
falaa tuti’humaa wa saahib humaa 
fid dunyaa ma’roofanw

22
00:02:23,496 --> 00:02:29,511
wattabi’ sabeela man anaaba ilayy; 
summa ilaiya marji’ukum fa unabbi’ukum

23
00:02:29,511 --> 00:02:37,054
bimaa kuntum ta’maloon.

24
00:02:37,054 --> 00:02:38,497
It has been translated as:

25
00:02:38,497 --> 00:02:44,510
And We enjoined man to show 
kindness to his parents,

26
00:02:44,510 --> 00:02:50,514
with much pain his mother bears him 
and he is not weaned before

27
00:02:50,514 --> 00:03:01,518
he is two years of age. We advised him,
be grateful to Me and to your parents.

28
00:03:01,518 --> 00:03:07,527
To Me shall all things return.
But if they press you to serve besides Me,

29
00:03:07,527 --> 00:03:13,489
that of which you have no knowledge, 
do not obey them.

30
00:03:13,489 --> 00:03:23,535
Remain kind to them in this world, 
and turn to Me with all devotion.

31
00:03:23,535 --> 00:03:32,493
To Me you shall all return, and I will 
declare to you everything you have done.

32
00:03:32,493 --> 00:03:38,514
I have written that all divine 
revelations instruct man to show kindness

33
00:03:38,514 --> 00:03:45,533
to their parents.
i.e., In Islam, being kind to parents

34
00:03:45,533 --> 00:03:50,492
has always been the utmost standard 
of ethical behavior.

35
00:03:50,492 --> 00:03:53,500
No one should be worshiped besides Allah,

36
00:03:53,500 --> 00:03:57,062
and parents should be treated with
kindness.

37
00:03:57,062 --> 00:04:01,548
These are the most important commands
in the religion of Islam.

38
00:04:01,548 --> 00:04:05,535
Therefore, all messengers have
instructed the same.

39
00:04:05,535 --> 00:04:10,025
All divine scriptures have also 
emphasized it.

40
00:04:10,025 --> 00:04:15,510
All divine scriptures instruct man to 
show kindness to the parents.

41
00:04:15,510 --> 00:04:18,130
Various verses of the Qur’ān also 
direct the believers,

42
00:04:18,130 --> 00:04:19,527
to be kind to their parents.

43
00:04:19,527 --> 00:04:23,520
In the 23rd and 24th verse of the
Surah Bani Israel,

44
00:04:23,520 --> 00:04:25,504
the 8th verse of 
Surah Ankabut,

45
00:04:25,504 --> 00:04:29,480
and the 15th verse of Surah Ahqaf,
this topic is stated in these verses

46
00:04:29,480 --> 00:04:32,019
by using the same terms 
approximately speaking.

47
00:04:32,019 --> 00:04:36,525
The verse which i have used as the
introduction to the topic of

48
00:04:36,525 --> 00:04:39,534
directives relating to parents,
that verse is the 14th and

49
00:04:39,534 --> 00:04:40,962
15th verse of Surah Luqman.

50
00:04:40,962 --> 00:04:47,494
These verses have also more or less
emphasized the same thing in similar words

51
00:04:47,494 --> 00:04:53,513
The above quoted verses however 
specifically determine the limits of

52
00:04:53,513 --> 00:04:57,535
good behavior with the parents.

53
00:04:57,535 --> 00:05:01,546
i.e., as long as the ethical instruction
was in consideration.

54
00:05:01,546 --> 00:05:05,462
a man was enjoined
to show kindness to his parents,

55
00:05:05,462 --> 00:05:07,517
show kindness to your parents,

56
00:05:07,517 --> 00:05:10,518
and in order to show kindness,

57
00:05:10,518 --> 00:05:16,494
a man is made aware of what is the role
of parents in his upbringing,

58
00:05:16,494 --> 00:05:22,512
what hardships they go through.
And as a child, if you indeed have some

59
00:05:22,512 --> 00:05:27,527
humanity, what should be your 
behavior towards your parents.

60
00:05:27,527 --> 00:05:30,516
With respect to ethics,

61
00:05:30,516 --> 00:05:35,514
like I said, this topic has been discussed
in Surah Bani Israil, Surah Ankabut

62
00:05:35,514 --> 00:05:37,496
and Surah Ahqaf.

63
00:05:37,496 --> 00:05:43,556
All of these verses, from an ethical 
point of view, have stated the importance

64
00:05:43,556 --> 00:05:49,493
of this, and narrate Almighty Allah's 
instructions, warn people,

65
00:05:49,493 --> 00:05:51,496
and raise awareness among them.

66
00:05:51,496 --> 00:05:55,526
And the importance of showing
kindness,

67
00:05:55,526 --> 00:05:59,551
to parents which is present in 
human nature has been mentioned ,

68
00:05:59,551 --> 00:06:01,503
and we are also being reminded of it.

69
00:06:01,503 --> 00:06:08,558
In the verses of Surah luqman,
some limitations have been appointed,

70
00:06:08,558 --> 00:06:12,543
and this is the difference on the 
basis of which I have selected these

71
00:06:12,543 --> 00:06:14,014
verses for this discussion.

72
00:06:14,014 --> 00:06:16,548
i.e., in case of morality,

73
00:06:16,548 --> 00:06:23,058
only principles will be under discussion,
and in case of laws, the limitations,

74
00:06:23,058 --> 00:06:28,475
warnings, and terms and conditions
are discussed.

75
00:06:28,475 --> 00:06:30,528
This difference should be considered

76
00:06:30,528 --> 00:06:34,500
i.e., one being a law which can be passed
on state level,

77
00:06:34,500 --> 00:06:36,515
that has its own limitations,

78
00:06:36,515 --> 00:06:40,045
but when Almighty Allah states that

79
00:06:40,045 --> 00:06:42,558
something is shariah and the other
is hikmah.

80
00:06:42,558 --> 00:06:47,522
I have mentioned it earlier and explained 
with evidences that the whole content

81
00:06:47,522 --> 00:06:52,542
of Islam, everything included in this 
religion has been divided into two parts,

82
00:06:52,542 --> 00:06:56,522
Hikmah which means faith and virtues,
that is the true religion,

83
00:06:56,522 --> 00:07:00,506
and Al-Kitaab i.e., upon which laws 
are based.

84
00:07:00,506 --> 00:07:06,506
So, what is the thing that 
sets law apart?

85
00:07:06,506 --> 00:07:12,106
The answer is that law is 
based on ethical values but

86
00:07:12,106 --> 00:07:15,017
what law does is that it confines it.

87
00:07:15,017 --> 00:07:17,458
Let's understand this by using 
an example.

88
00:07:17,458 --> 00:07:22,523
The Quran has mentioned it in many 
instances that adultery is a great sin.

89
00:07:22,523 --> 00:07:25,504
People are told 'la taqrabuz-zina',
do not even go close to it.

90
00:07:25,504 --> 00:07:29,471
This is a moral instruction,
a fundamental principle,

91
00:07:29,471 --> 00:07:32,555
it is the foundation that withstands 
the religion of Islam.

92
00:07:32,555 --> 00:07:37,539
But when Quran states in Surah Nur 
that the sinner will be punished

93
00:07:37,539 --> 00:07:41,504
for his acts in a certain way,
or be dealt with in a particular manner,

94
00:07:41,504 --> 00:07:45,559
it will be a part of the law or shariah.

95
00:07:45,559 --> 00:07:49,520
I have contemplated this difference
in the entire book,

96
00:07:49,520 --> 00:07:53,508
that what things should
be discussed under the rubric of ethics,

97
00:07:53,508 --> 00:07:55,983
and they have been discussed under
the same.

98
00:07:55,983 --> 00:07:59,510
Therefore, showing kindness to parents
has also been discussed,

99
00:07:59,510 --> 00:08:01,509
in terms of moral values in that part.

100
00:08:01,509 --> 00:08:05,503
Here, some of its limitations are 
discussed,

101
00:08:05,503 --> 00:08:09,468
and that is the reason i haven't 
spoken about it under that topic,

102
00:08:09,468 --> 00:08:11,511
I have included it here,

103
00:08:11,511 --> 00:08:15,001
i.e., in the series of law, which is in
Al-Kitaab.

104
00:08:15,001 --> 00:08:19,469
This has been mentioned in the second
part of Mizaan, which is social shariah,

105
00:08:19,469 --> 00:08:23,484
for which I was giving this 
explanation.

106
00:08:23,484 --> 00:08:28,484
The above quoted verses however 
specifically determine the limits of

107
00:08:28,484 --> 00:08:32,557
good behavior with the parents.

108
00:08:32,557 --> 00:08:36,052
The details of this directive as stated 
in these verses are:

109
00:08:36,052 --> 00:08:40,992
i.e., the verses mentioned above from
Surah Luqman, the 14th and 15th verse,

110
00:08:40,992 --> 00:08:43,523
their translation has already 
been mentioned,

111
00:08:43,523 --> 00:08:46,519
the limitations which has been fixed
in those verses,

112
00:08:46,519 --> 00:08:50,034
now I'm going to discuss them 
in the manner of laws.

113
00:08:50,034 --> 00:08:53,467
The details of this directive as stated 
in these verses are:

114
00:08:53,467 --> 00:08:57,551
1. It is the parents who bring into 
existence a new life and

115
00:08:57,551 --> 00:08:59,556
become the means to nourish it.

116
00:08:59,556 --> 00:09:01,553
It is an indisputable fact.

117
00:09:01,553 --> 00:09:06,465
No doubt, the care and affection 
of the father is quite a lot,

118
00:09:06,465 --> 00:09:09,623
however the hardships a mother 
encounters in bringing up the child

119
00:09:09,623 --> 00:09:13,519
starting from her pregnancy, 
to childbirth and then breast-feeding

120
00:09:13,519 --> 00:09:16,534
the child are unmatched and 
no child can repay her

121
00:09:16,534 --> 00:09:18,032
for this great service.

122
00:09:18,032 --> 00:09:19,492
i.e., in these three stages,

123
00:09:19,492 --> 00:09:21,541
from pregnancy to childbirth,

124
00:09:21,541 --> 00:09:25,499
a mother braves through a life & death
kind of a situation,

125
00:09:25,499 --> 00:09:29,522
and then for two or more years she 
breast feeds the child,

126
00:09:29,522 --> 00:09:35,496
and even after that she plays a 
significant role in nurturing the child.

127
00:09:35,496 --> 00:09:38,523
It is the parents who bring into 
existence a new life and

128
00:09:38,523 --> 00:09:41,564
become the means to nourish it. 
No doubt, the care and affection

129
00:09:41,564 --> 00:09:45,004
of the father is quite a lot, 
however the hardships a mother encounters

130
00:09:45,004 --> 00:09:47,526
in bringing up the child starting from her
pregnancy, to childbirth and

131
00:09:47,526 --> 00:09:50,488
then breast-feeding the child are
unmatched and no child can repay her

132
00:09:50,488 --> 00:09:52,541
for this great service.

133
00:09:52,541 --> 00:09:57,516
If a person is courteous, and he hasn't
contaminated his natural disposition,

134
00:09:57,516 --> 00:09:59,971
he has not changed for the worse,

135
00:09:59,971 --> 00:10:04,498
he has not detached himself in the pride
of adolescence from the past or present,

136
00:10:04,498 --> 00:10:09,469
then he would never suggest something
different from what has been advised.

137
00:10:09,469 --> 00:10:13,515
On these very grounds, the Prophet (pbuh)
has regarded the right of the mother

138
00:10:13,515 --> 00:10:16,537
as three times that of the father.

139
00:10:16,537 --> 00:10:19,512
In the narrations of Sahih Al-Bukhari
and Sahih Muslim,

140
00:10:19,512 --> 00:10:24,489
Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) answered a 
question in such a way,

141
00:10:24,489 --> 00:10:28,510
that it was made clear that the rights
of the mother far surpass,

142
00:10:28,510 --> 00:10:30,506
the rights of the father.

143
00:10:30,506 --> 00:10:35,497
Consequently, the Almighty exhorts man 
to be the most grateful to his parents

144
00:10:35,497 --> 00:10:39,504
after his Lord.

145
00:10:39,504 --> 00:10:42,491
i.e., no doubt you have to be partial
towards your mother,

146
00:10:42,491 --> 00:10:45,510
however both of them
should be given their due.

147
00:10:45,510 --> 00:10:48,506
The care and affection of the father 
is no less, his role is also significant

148
00:10:48,506 --> 00:10:49,995
in a child's life.

149
00:10:49,995 --> 00:10:53,496
He does everything
to support his family financially,

150
00:10:53,496 --> 00:10:58,494
sometimes even starve himself
to provide resources for his children.

151
00:10:58,494 --> 00:11:02,994
Consequently, the Almighty exhorts man 
to be the most grateful to his parents

152
00:11:02,994 --> 00:11:06,034
after his Lord.

153
00:11:06,034 --> 00:11:09,513
This gratitude must not be expressed
merely by the tongue.

154
00:11:09,513 --> 00:11:16,511
Its essential corollary is that it should 
manifest in good behavior towards them.

155
00:11:16,511 --> 00:11:21,495
Listen to each and every word of this 
with attention.

156
00:11:21,495 --> 00:11:26,562
Its essential corollary i.e., the Quran
presented this as the first preposition,

157
00:11:26,562 --> 00:11:29,524
it begins its argument from here,

158
00:11:29,524 --> 00:11:33,020
that the most important virtue among
people is gratitude.

159
00:11:33,020 --> 00:11:37,982
There is a narrative which states
'man lam yash kurunnasa lam yash kurullah'

160
00:11:37,982 --> 00:11:44,536
i.e., if a person is ungrateful to
to other people who have been kind to him

161
00:11:44,536 --> 00:11:48,511
in this world, he won't ever be grateful 
to Allah as well.

162
00:11:48,511 --> 00:11:54,059
It is known that, philosophically,
the foundation of the entire religion

163
00:11:54,059 --> 00:11:56,515
is based upon the emotion of gratitude.

164
00:11:56,515 --> 00:12:00,509
i.e., when i look at myself, and when I 
observe the surrounding world,

165
00:12:00,509 --> 00:12:03,031
and acknowledge the presence of my Lord,

166
00:12:03,031 --> 00:12:04,550
gain knowledge about Him,

167
00:12:04,550 --> 00:12:08,025
and get introduced to Him as 
the true benefactor,

168
00:12:08,025 --> 00:12:11,509
for this the feeling of gratitude 
is manifested in me and,

169
00:12:11,509 --> 00:12:15,039
this same feeling of gratitude should be
towards your parents as instructed

170
00:12:15,039 --> 00:12:16,499
by the Quran.

171
00:12:16,499 --> 00:12:21,497
However, everyone should
understand, this does not mean that,

172
00:12:21,497 --> 00:12:25,507
you just say sometimes that i am grateful
to my parents,

173
00:12:25,507 --> 00:12:30,957
it should not be expressed merely in
words,

174
00:12:30,957 --> 00:12:35,490
one should act upon it and behave
in a certain manner.

175
00:12:35,490 --> 00:12:38,486
This gratitude must not be expressed 
merely by the tongue.

176
00:12:38,486 --> 00:12:43,491
Its essential corollary is that it should
manifest in good behavior towards them.

177
00:12:43,491 --> 00:12:47,505
He should respect them and 
never become fed up of them.

178
00:12:47,505 --> 00:12:51,542
He must not utter a single word
of disrespect to them.

179
00:12:51,542 --> 00:12:57,522
Instead, he should be soft, sympathetic, 
loving and obedient to them.

180
00:12:57,522 --> 00:13:01,009
i.e., even if the parent's behavior is bad
towards the child,

181
00:13:01,009 --> 00:13:03,490
or the parent is being unjust to
the child,

182
00:13:03,490 --> 00:13:08,013
the child should be soft, sympathetic,
and obedient to them.

183
00:13:08,013 --> 00:13:09,488
He should listen to them and

184
00:13:09,488 --> 00:13:13,488
be caring and affectionate to them 
in the tenderness of old age.

185
00:13:13,488 --> 00:13:18,523
The parents need their children the most
after they have fallen,

186
00:13:18,523 --> 00:13:22,496
into the tenderness of old age.

187
00:13:22,496 --> 00:13:27,521
An infirmity manifests in them that makes
them act like children.

188
00:13:27,521 --> 00:13:30,528
So during that time, it is important to 
take good care of them,

189
00:13:30,528 --> 00:13:34,518
spend some time with them,
be affectionate to them,

190
00:13:34,518 --> 00:13:42,521
and take their hard work and pains
into consideration.

191
00:13:42,521 --> 00:13:45,468
It has been stated in the 
Surah Bani Israil:

192
00:13:45,468 --> 00:13:50,451
Wa qadaa Rabbuka allaa ta'budooo 
illaaa iyyaahu wa bilwaalidaini ihsaanaa

193
00:13:50,451 --> 00:13:56,505
immaa yablughanna 'indakal kibara 
ahaduhumaaa aw kilaahumaa falaa

194
00:13:56,505 --> 00:14:02,502
taqul lahumaaa uffinw wa laa tanharhumaa 
wa qullahumaa qawlan kareemaa

195
00:14:02,502 --> 00:14:07,053
Wakhfid lahumaa janaahaz zulli 
minar rahmati wa qur Rabbir hamhumaa

196
00:14:07,053 --> 00:14:12,520
wa qur Rabbir hamhumaa kamaa 
rabbayaanee sagheera

197
00:14:12,520 --> 00:14:17,493
Rabbukum a'lamu bimaa fee nufoosikum;
in takoonoo saaliheena fa innahoo

198
00:14:17,493 --> 00:14:21,035
kaana lil awwaabeena Ghafoooraa.

199
00:14:21,035 --> 00:14:24,019
This is from the 17th Surah, Bani Israil,
and above quoted verses are the

200
00:14:24,019 --> 00:14:26,046
23rd, 24th and 25th verse of this surah.

201
00:14:26,046 --> 00:14:31,404
And your Lord has enjoined you to 
worship none but Him,

202
00:14:31,404 --> 00:14:35,505
i.e., when only He is the one true God,

203
00:14:35,505 --> 00:14:38,470
then only he should be worshipped and
served.

204
00:14:38,470 --> 00:14:43,020
And your Lord has enjoined you to 
worship none but Him, and

205
00:14:43,020 --> 00:14:50,572
to show great kindness to your parents.
If either or both of them in your presence

206
00:14:50,572 --> 00:14:54,069
i.e., the reason why I mentioned that we
should show great kindness,

207
00:14:54,069 --> 00:14:57,052
is because of how the Quran has 
composed this verse.

208
00:14:57,052 --> 00:15:02,566
i.e., the Quran has concealed the verb, 
but kept the noun.

209
00:15:02,566 --> 00:15:07,067
Instead of Ahsinu bil waledainy ihsaana,
wa bil walidainy ihsaana is there.

210
00:15:07,067 --> 00:15:09,552
The people who know the arabic language,
will understand,

211
00:15:09,552 --> 00:15:12,478
that there is an element of hyperbole in 
this verse.

212
00:15:12,478 --> 00:15:17,051
And your Lord has enjoined you 
to worship none but Him, and

213
00:15:17,051 --> 00:15:23,553
to show great kindness to your parents.
If either or both of them attain old age

214
00:15:23,553 --> 00:15:26,517
in your presence, 
show them no sign of impatience.

215
00:15:26,517 --> 00:15:30,600
This sentence in arabic that do not show
a sign of impatience to your parents,

216
00:15:30,600 --> 00:15:35,568
this means that if a parent says something
to his son, the son will shrug and

217
00:15:35,568 --> 00:15:38,504
respond rudely.

218
00:15:38,504 --> 00:15:42,511
The Quran instructs that things should 
never reach this point,

219
00:15:42,511 --> 00:15:45,503
one should not behave like this,

220
00:15:45,503 --> 00:15:50,531
the behaviour towards your parents should
be loving, affectionate, kind,

221
00:15:50,531 --> 00:15:52,516
and sympathetic.

222
00:15:52,516 --> 00:15:56,484
If either or both of them attain old age 
in your presence,

223
00:15:56,484 --> 00:16:00,501
show them no sign of impatience, 
nor rebuke them.

224
00:16:00,501 --> 00:16:09,505
Why is this thing being said and 
why is it that only the rights of parents

225
00:16:09,505 --> 00:16:13,510
are being discussed with respect to 
this law and not the children.

226
00:16:13,510 --> 00:16:16,533
If you give it some thought 
you will get know that,

227
00:16:16,533 --> 00:16:21,481
the parents have such extraordinary
Instincts in them that,

228
00:16:21,481 --> 00:16:27,065
they do not need to be instructed 
through religious texts.

229
00:16:27,065 --> 00:16:31,513
Almighty Allah's method is such, that in
instances where things are clear,

230
00:16:31,513 --> 00:16:34,014
and instincts are intensely strong,

231
00:16:34,014 --> 00:16:36,526
the possibility of violating a law 
is much less,

232
00:16:36,526 --> 00:16:40,476
it is left to the person's wisdom and
nature.

233
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
i.e., It is obvious that 
parents will raise their children,

234
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
nurture them, guide and 
educate them,

235
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and they will do anything that's
in their control.

236
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Generally, these things are expected.

237
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
But when parents become old,
an important test comes into picture,

238
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
i.e., children have passions, 
exigencies,

239
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
they have their
own needs,

240
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and when parents have also fallen
into the tenderness of old age,

241
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
they might not make sense sometimes,

242
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
it is possible that sometimes 
they might be unjust to their children,

243
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
it is also possible that sometimes 
they might not react calmly,

244
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
i.e., there are thousands of problems
that come into consideration,

245
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
for this very reason, this chapter
is being discussed in Social Shariah,

246
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
because there is a possibility 
of contravention here,

247
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
here instincts are not so strong
anymore.

248
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
This becomes a matter of rationale and
wisdom,

249
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
So there is a possibility that 
something might go severely wrong.

250
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
So know the rights of your parents, 
show kindness to your parents,

251
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and it's limitations are being stated,
and it is being explained in detail,

252
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
so that a child can understand 
when his parents become old,

253
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
what kind of situations he would encounter
during which he should show kind, loving,

254
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and sympathetic behavior towards them.

255
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
If either or both of them attain old age 
in your presence,

256
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
show them no sign of impatience, 
nor rebuke them,

257
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
but speak to them kind words.

258
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Treat them with humility and tenderness.

259
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
i.e., just like we have a connection of 
devotion with Allah,

260
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and a connection of humility 
with Allah,

261
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
the same kind of humility should be
shown to parents as well.

262
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
We should bow with humility in front 
of our parents.

263
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
i.e., when a person attains puberty,
they start to behave arrogantly.

264
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
This should not happen while dealing
with parents.

265
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
But speak to them kind words.

266
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Treat them with humility and tenderness 
and say,

267
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
'Lord, be merciful to them the way they
nursed me when I was an infant.'

268
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
This is a very special and 
gracious prayer.

269
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
There is a teaching concealed 
in this prayer.

270
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
It reminds a person of the rights of his
parents that are incumbent upon him,

271
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and the old age of his parents reminds him
of his childhood.

272
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
This method of reminding and 
giving an advice is very profound.

273
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
The dua is: 'Lord, be merciful to them the
way they nursed me when I was an infant.'

274
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
i.e., clearly when parents will be 
in the tenderness of old age,

275
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
they might sometimes do something
that will antagonize their child,

276
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
it is possible that the child might 
respond with rudeness sometimes,

277
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
or might react to their unjustness
in a certain way.

278
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
So, the child is being reminded about
how he behaved in his childhood,

279
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
i.e., your parents took care of you
when you were a child,

280
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
you were stubborn and sometimes did not
obey your parents, you were weak,

281
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
you used to wake up your parents 
when they were tired and asleep.

282
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
In order to guide, educate and 
nurture you, your parents have put their

283
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
own lives at risk.

284
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
So, for this very reason, you 
should also pray,

285
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
that like they nurtured you during
your childhood,

286
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Allah should also look favourably upon
them.

287
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
'Lord, be merciful to them the way they 
nursed me when I was an infant.'

288
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Your Lord best knows what is in 
your hearts.

289
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
If you remain obedient, He will forgive 
those who turn to Him.

290
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
In this profound and pleasing style,

291
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
which the Quran has used to
draw our attention,

292
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
with respect to our behavior towards the
parents.

293
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
This was the first directive.

294
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Now, the second one is:

295
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
In spite of the status that Islam 
confers upon parents,

296
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
i.e., first the subject has been
introduced,

297
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and we are being reminded of the favour
our parents do us.

298
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Hence, observe the verse which we have
used as the introduction to this chapter.

299
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Wa wassainal insaana bi waalidaihi 
hamalat hu ummuhoo wahnan 'alaa wahninw

300
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
wa fisaaluhoo fee 'aamaini.

301
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
i.e., first the beneficence of our parents
has been emphasised,

302
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Its your mother who has kept you in her 
womb for a period of nine months,

303
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and then went through a lot of trouble
while breastfeeding you for two years,

304
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
In spite of the status that Islam 
confers upon parents,

305
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
they do not have the right,

306
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
i.e., first their status was fixed,

307
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
then the same was stated,

308
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
the ethical values were made clear,

309
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
that is the beauty of the 
entire society,

310
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and people were instructed how 
they should treat their parents

311
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and what should be their behavior
towards them.

312
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
After stating the above,
now what is being said is that,

313
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
In spite of the status that Islam 
confers upon parents,

314
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
i.e., this is the favour of our parents,

315
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
one should be grateful to them for this,

316
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
one should always pray for them,

317
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
one should never show disobedience, 
no matter how insignificant,

318
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
nor rebuke them,
and never disrespect them in any way.

319
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
It is their right.

320
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
But even after having such a status,
in spite of that..

321
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
In spite of the status that Islam 
confers upon parents,

322
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
they do not have the right to force 
their children to baselessly associate

323
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
someone with the Almighty.

324
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Here, it is clear that in this verse 
polytheism is being mentioned,

325
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
that is because the people who are being
addressed,

326
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
this issue is the bone of contention
among them.

327
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
But as a result this principle emanates,

328
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
that the rights of Allah, take precedence 
over the rights of the parents.

329
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
i.e., the first and foremost right that
should be fulfilled is the right of Allah.

330
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Therefore, if someone is obligated to do
something which deals with Allah

331
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and his religion,

332
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
his parents can't
force him to show disobedience to Allah.

333
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Keeping their rights aside, and their
love,

334
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and showing hospitality towards them, 
and also gratitude towards them,

335
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
but when Allah's rights come into picture,
it is the highest of all.

336
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
On what basis have the rights
of the parents been established?

337
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
They has been established because they
brought us into this world,

338
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
they nurtured us, they guided and 
educated us, they took good care of us

339
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
when we were weak.

340
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Likewise, the right of Allah,

341
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
He is the reason of the existence of this 
entire universe, He gave a life to us,

342
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
gave us the capability of understanding,

343
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and promised that an eternal life is
awaiting us.

344
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
He filled this world with all sorts and
kinds of blessings and favors.

345
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Count them if you can, a verse in the 
Quran states,

346
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Wain tauddoo niaamata Allahi la tuhsooha,

347
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
which means, You cannot count 
the favors of Allah,

348
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
So the one true benefactor should take 
precedence over everything else.

349
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
We should to be grateful to Him most of
all.

350
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Consequently, the Quran has made this 
thing clear that in case of the parents,

351
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Allah instructs you about the rights 
of your parents,

352
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
how you should treat your parents,
what should be your behavior towards them.

353
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
But this does not mean that
if your parents force you to baselessly

354
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
associate someone with Almighty Allah,

355
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
or do not let you fulfil
the rights of Allah,

356
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
No, the parents do not have these rights.

357
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
The Prophet (pbuh) has said that 
showing disobedience to parents

358
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
is the greatest sin after polytheism.

359
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
The Prophet (pbuh) has stated this 
and,

360
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
these are the narratives from 
Sahih Al- Bukhari and Sahih Muslim,

361
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
their reference is mentioned in the
footnotes below.

362
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
However, the above quoted verses 
of Surah Luqman say that

363
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
the children should openly disobey 
their parents with regard to polytheism

364
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and should follow the way of those 
who follow Allah.

365
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
i.e., your exemplar, your leader,
your mentor, your teacher,

366
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
should be only those people 
who follow and obey Almighty Allah,

367
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and call you towards Him.

368
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Parents are worthy of showing kindness,
they deserve to be treated with kindness,

369
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and this right of theirs' should 
be fulfilled.

370
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
But they do not have the right to take 
place of a cleric or a guide.

371
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
They should not be the one to say
that,

372
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
you can or cannot fulfill 
the rights of Allah.

373
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
When you know Allah's rights,

374
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
they would be given precedence over
everything else.

375
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
And showing kindness to parents
is also one of Allah's rights.

376
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
He has given this as a directive,

377
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and it has been mentioned in 
various verses in the Quran.

378
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Prophet (pbuh) has said that showing 
disobedience to parents

379
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
is the greatest sin after polytheism.
However, the above quoted verses of

380
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Surah Luqman say that the children 
should openly disobey their parents

381
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
with regard to polytheism and should 
follow the way of those who follow God,

382
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
i.e., the prophets, the righteous, 
those scholars who have the

383
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
true knowledge of religion,
they should tell people about

384
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Allah's rights, they should tell people
about Allah's command,

385
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
they should inform people about the
religion, these people should be followed.

386
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Any calls to evade the Almighty must not 
receive any positive response

387
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
even if it is the parents who are 
giving the call.

388
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Any calls to evade the Almighty,
i.e., even if parents who have been

389
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
given such a status, ask you to leave 
the way of Allah,

390
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and show disobedience to Him,

391
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
they must not receive any 
positive response.

392
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Laa ta'ata fil maasiah innamal
ta'ata fil ma'aruuf.

393
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
No one can be obeyed if he calls to
disobey the Almighty,

394
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
one can only obey what is virtuous.

395
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
It is a hadith mentioned in 
Sahih Al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim.

396
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
It's reference has also been mentioned 
in the footnotes.

397
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
The same principle has been mentioned
in this,

398
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
i.e., in the way of Allah's disobedience,
neither can the parents be obeyed,

399
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
nor a leader, 
or head of the society,

400
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
or the scholars, 
or preachers,

401
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
or guides.

402
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Within the circle of Allah's obedience, 
people will be respected, and honoured,

403
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and listened to.

404
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
The Prophet (pbuh) has stated this 
on the same basis.

405
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Consequently, all other directives of the 
Almighty Allah shall also be considered

406
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
subservient to this directive, and 
one cannot disobey these directives

407
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
if the parents ask them to do so.

408
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
i.e., the Prophet (pbuh) has also, 
granted that polytheism was mentioned,

409
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
but it was given a form of a principle, 
and that is correct,

410
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
that is because the circumstances against 
which this has been stated,

411
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
that makes it clear, that the actual thing
to take into consideration is,

412
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
that where Allah's right is in question,

413
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and the demands of His worship
are at stake,

414
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and the demands of His obedience are at
stake,

415
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
nothing else will matter in such 
circumstances.

416
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
The third limitation:
Even if the parents force their children

417
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
to commit a sin as heinous as polytheism,

418
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
i.e., if the parents are old, or there are
differences of opinion over something,

419
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
one being that they are instructing to 
indulge in polytheism,

420
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
which is the greatest sin of all, 
they are supporting polytheism.

421
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
They want their children 
to follow this path.

422
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
These were the circumstances during
that era.

423
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
This happens nowadays as well.

424
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
i.e., the parents have undertaken certain 
religious things with respect to a

425
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
particular context and they think of it
as a part of religion

426
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and then want their children to 
follow the same.

427
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Even if the parents force their children 
to commit a sin as heinous as polytheism,

428
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
they must always be treated 
in a befitting manner.

429
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
i.e., on one hand it has been stated 
that the right of the parents

430
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
is very significant, but they do not
have any right when it comes to

431
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
disobeying Almighty Allah.

432
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
And on the other hand, it has been
instructed that

433
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
even if the parents are teaching their 
children to disobey Allah,

434
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
making them follow the path of polytheism,
and are persistent about it,

435
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
in spite of all these things,
they must always be treated with kindness.

436
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Their needs should be met
met as far as possible and

437
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
a prayer of guidance be continued
to be made for them.

438
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
This is what the words 
'Wa saahib humma fiddunya ma'aruufa'

439
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
(remain kind to them in this world)
of the verse quoted above entail.

440
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
i.e., in the Quran, where it has been 
mentioned that do not obey your parents

441
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
when they force you to follow polytheism,
do not obey them when they tell you to

442
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
disobey Almighty Allah, with this it has 
also been mentioned that,

443
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
with respect to worldly affairs,
? be affectionate and kind to them.

444
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
The children may have a right to disobey 
their parents if they insist upon

445
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
upon disobedience to the directives
of religion but they must still

446
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
not be slack or indifferent in any way 
to their duty towards their parents.

447
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
i.e., even if the parents are forcing 
their child to disobey Allah,

448
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and forcing him to commit a sin 
which is the greatest of all,

449
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
he must still show kindness 
to his parents.

450
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
The last part of the verses 
caution both the child and the parents,

451
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
The last part of the verses caution both 
the child and the parents,

452
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
one day he has to return to the Almighty 
to give an account of his deeds.

453
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
This is Quran's special approach,

454
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
i.e., you can observe that it first stated

455
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
what your parents do to nurture you,
then it stated that consequently it is

456
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
necessary to be grateful to them,
then it instructed what should be the

457
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
behavior towards the parents for same,
determined certain limits of good behavior

458
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and then it warned them that,
'summa ilayyi marjiukum

459
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
fa unabbiukum bimaa kuntum ta'amaluun.
This is the last part of the verse.

460
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
The last part of the verse caution
a person that one day

461
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
he has to return to the Almighty 
to give an account of his deeds.

462
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
This is usually how Quran warns people.

463
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
One day we have to return to our Lord,

464
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
a day has been ascertained for us
when we will have to answer,

465
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Whenever He commands to do something,
or whenever he guides us,

466
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
He always draws our attention 
to this fundamental fact,

467
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
this is the base of the invitation to
Islam.

468
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
i.e., the hereafter, the day when we
will have to give an account of our deeds,

469
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
the day when we will meet our Lord,
in preparation of this.

470
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
The last part of the verses caution 
a person that one day

471
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
he has to return to the Almighty 
to give an account of his deeds,

472
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Summa ilayyi marjiukum fa unabbiukum 
bimaa kuntum ta'amaluun.

473
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
While commenting upon this part of the
verse, Imam Amin Ahsan Islahi writes,

474
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
this addresses,

475
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
i.e., the verse mentioned above, 
summa ilayyi marjiukumm,

476
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
one has to return to Almighty Allah,

477
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
This part of the verse addresses 
both the parents and the children

478
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and carries both a warning and 
an assurance.

479
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
It carries both the aspects,
a warning and an assurance.

480
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
The implication is that one day,

481
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
each person will have to return
to the Almighty.

482
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Whatever he would have done
would be brought before him.

483
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
A believer should keep this in mind
while living his life.

484
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
i.e., My deeds are being compiled,

485
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
each and everything is being put on
record,

486
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
ma yalfizu min qawlin illa ladayhi
raqeebun ateed,

487
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Man does not utter any word except that

488
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
with him is an observer prepared 
to record.

489
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
His deeds, his intentions, everything 
will be brought before him on that day,

490
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Until a person does not comprehend the
enormity of this fact,

491
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
he cannot truty follow through on the laws
of shariah,

492
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
nor can he fulfill the objectives of this
system.

493
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Whatever he would have done 
would be brought before him.

494
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
If some parents had violated the rights 
given to them regarding their children

495
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
by making them deviate from 
the path of the Almighty,

496
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
they will have to face punishment 
for this attitude and

497
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
if children duly recognized the rights
of the Almighty together with those

498
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
of their parents as well as remaining
steadfast in following the obligations

499
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
these rights entail, they will be 
rewarded for their perseverance.

500
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
I say this saying of mine, and I seek
forgiveness from Allah for me and for you.