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In acest video imi doresc sa vorbesc despre rinichi

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si aceasta este o imagine marita a unui rinichi

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si sa vorbesc despre cum functioneaza -

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presupun ca stiti cea mai mica unitate functionala, si anume

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nefronul

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prin urmare, vom vorbi despre rinichi si nefron

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si cred ca probabil cunoasteti ce este rinichiul.

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Exista doi la numar. Fac parte din organul

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cunoscut cu functia de a

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produce si permite excretia reziduurilor

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Dar o parte din acel proces ne ajuta deasemenea

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Sa mentinem apa la nivelul optim,

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de fapt cantitatea de sarea electroliti si presiunea sanguina

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dar voi spune doar ca mentin apa.

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deasemenea produce hormoni și altele

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voi intra în mai multe detalii privind aceasta.

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Doresc sa ma concentrez pe acestea doua, pentru a

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oferi o perspectiva de ansamblu asupra funcției rinichiului.

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Majoritatea dintre noi avem doi.

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Se situeaza posterior de o parte si de alta a coloanei vertebrale

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in spatele ficatului.

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Aceasta este versiunea marita.

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Daca priviti aceasta in full screen, nu va fi la fel de

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mare ca si imaginea in sine, dar noi am taiat-o

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ca sa vedem ce se intampla in interiorul rinichiului

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pentru a înțelege diferitele porțiuni,

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deoarece va fi foarte important când vom incepe

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sa vorbim despre nefroni ca parti componente ale rinichiului.

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aceasta portinune, de aici pana aici

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este numita cortexul renal

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cand se vorbeste despre ceva legat de rinichi

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daca intalniti un "CEVA" renal, sa stiti ca se refera

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la rinichi

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prin urmare acesta este cortexul renal

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partea aceea exerioara

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Iar portinuea aceasta este medulara

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Medulara este la interior

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prin urmare poate fi considerat ca si mijlocul rinichiului.

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nu doar vom intelege aceste cuvinte, ci vom vedea

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cat de important este rolul pe care il joaca in

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filtrarea si excretia reziduurilor si aceasta abilitate

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de a nu evacua prea multa apa

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cand are loc filtrarea sangelui

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am spus inainte, si problabil ati auzit

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din alte cursuri sau de la alti profesori

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ca unitatea funcționala a rinichiului este NEFRONUL

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iar motivul pentru care il numim asa

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este pentru ca acela este nivelul unde

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au loc doua procese

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Cele doua mari functii ale rinichiului: excretia

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si mentinerea nivelului apei

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in sistemul sanguin

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Pentru a intelege cum se incadreaza nefronul in imagine

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(Am luat aceasta imagine de pe Wikipedia)

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Artistul a incercat sa deseneze o serie de nefroni aici

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Prin urmare, un nefron va arata cam asa si se indreapta

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in interiorul medularei, apoi merge inapoi in cortex

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apoi se contiuna cu tubii colectori,

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in principiu lichidul ajunge in uretere, aici

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si la final ajunge in vezica biliara pe care

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o evacuam la momentul adecvat.

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Aceasta a fost despre lungimea nefronului.

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aici se incepe, apoi coboara iarasi

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prin urmare o multitudine de nefroni fac acest lucru,

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dar sunt extrem de suptiri

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trebuie sa precizez ca acesti tubuli sunt extrem de subtiri

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In medie un rinichi contine aproximativ

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un milion de nefroni

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Nu se poate spune: nefronii mei sunt microscopici

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lungimea lor te face sa spui:

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Vad acea distanta.

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...........................

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Acestea fiind spuse, sa vedem cum un nefron filtreaza

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singele si cum se asigura ca apa si alte chestii bune

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situate in sangele nostru

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sa nu ajunga in urina

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aici voi desena un nefron

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prin urmare voi incepe in felul acesta

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vom incepe cu fluxul sanguin

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sangele va curge printr-un vas arterial

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si anume un capilar arterial.

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prin urmare va curge in felul acela

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Acesta se numeste capilarul arterial aferent

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Nu trebuie sa cunoasteti numele, dar

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......................................

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sangele intra

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apoi merge in acest loc mare si

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acesta se numeste GLOMERUL

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si apoi iese prin arteriola eferenta

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eferent inseamna departe de centru

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aferent - inspre centru, eferent departe de centru.

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despre aceasta voi vorbi in continuare, mai tarziu.

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este interesant ca avem de a face cu

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o artera la acest nivel

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este iarasi sange oxigenat

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Cand se iese dintr-un sistem capilar cum este acel glomerul,

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in mod normal avem de a face cu un sistem venos

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dar in acest caz, exista un sistem arterial.

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Probabil cauza este presiune mai ridicata a sistemului arterial

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iar in acest caz, este nevoie de a .........

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fluidul si altele care sunt dizolvate in lichidul extravascular

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si in glomerul in acest loc.

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acest glomerul are foarte multi pori si este inconjurat de

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alte celule

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aceasta este o sectiune transversala

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este inconjurat de aceasta structura. Acestea de aici sunt celule

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imaginati-va--- toata portiunea aceasta este compusa din celule

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si, desigur, ..................capilarele sunt captusite de celule

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prin urmare aici exista celule

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Aceste linii desenate sunt compuse din celule mici

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ce se intampla cand sangele intra in interior

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cu o presiune ridicata?

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acesta are multi pori

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aceste celule de aici, sunt numite podocite

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ele sunt destule de selective cu privire la ceea ce se filtreaza

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in general, aproximativ o 1/5 din fluidul care intra

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ajunge in acest spatiu

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acesta este numit spatiul Bowman

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De fapt, aceasta intreaga chestie este numita

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capsula Bowman

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este o sfera ce se deschide aici. capilarul ......................

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Acest spatiu de aici este spatiul Bowman

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Este spatiul din interiorul capsulei Bowman

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acest spatiu are celule?????

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toate aceste structuri sunt evident ( sau nu foarte evident ),

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compuse din celule

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si in final exista filtrat in interior.

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Filtratul este lichidul extras in afara

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Inca nu poate fi numit urina , deoarece exista multi pasi

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ce trebuie parcusi pana va purta numele de urina.

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Prin urmare, acum este doar filtrat....................

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..............................am spus ca este 1/5 din lichid

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si alti compusi usor dizolvabili in lichid,

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Prin urmare --- ioni mici, sodiu si poate cateva molecule de glocoza

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poate cativa aminoacizi

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exista o multime de chestii aici

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dar asta este pentru a va face o idee.

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compusii care nu sunt filtrati sunt eritrocitele

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sau molecule mari, proteine mari

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Acestea nu se vor filtra

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In principal micromoleculele sunt filtrate si

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fac parte din acest filtrat care se acumuleaza aici

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in spatiul Bowman

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pana acum exista filtrat ce alcatuieste aproximativ 1/5 din lichidul total

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si chestii care care sunt usor dizolvabile in lichid

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Ioni, sodiu, sau alte molecule mici de glucoza

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sau amnioacizi

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Exista o multime de chestii aici

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doresc doar sa va faceti o idee

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Moleculele care nu stunt flitrate sunt

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celulele sanguine sau molecule mari, proteine mari

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Aceste nu se filtreaza

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In principal micromoleculele sunt cele care se filtreaza

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Si cele care fac parte din filtratul care se evidentiaza

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in capsula Bowman

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Capsula Bowman

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este un fel de inceput al nefro nului

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ca se ne facem o idee mai clara

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sa presupunem ca suntem langa o arteriola

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Aceasta este Capsula Bowman

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Arata cumva in felul acesta, si intregul nefron

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va fi rasucit asa

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290
00:13:41,000 --> 00:13:46,000


291
00:13:46,000 --> 00:13:50,000


292
00:13:50,000 --> 00:13:53,000


293
00:13:53,000 --> 00:13:57,000


294
00:13:57,000 --> 00:13:59,000


295
00:13:59,000 --> 00:14:00,000


296
00:14:00,000 --> 00:14:06,000


297
00:14:06,000 --> 00:14:09,000


298
00:14:09,000 --> 00:14:10,000


299
00:14:10,000 --> 00:14:13,000


300
00:14:13,000 --> 00:14:14,000


301
00:14:14,000 --> 00:14:17,000


302
00:14:17,000 --> 00:14:21,000


303
00:14:21,000 --> 00:14:23,000


304
00:14:23,000 --> 00:14:24,000


305
00:14:24,000 --> 00:14:28,000


306
00:14:28,000 --> 00:14:30,000


307
00:14:30,000 --> 00:14:31,000


308
00:14:31,000 --> 00:14:33,000


309
00:14:33,000 --> 00:14:36,000


310
00:14:36,000 --> 00:14:39,000


311
00:14:39,000 --> 00:14:42,000


312
00:14:42,000 --> 00:14:44,000


313
00:14:44,000 --> 00:14:48,000


314
00:14:48,000 --> 00:14:52,000


315
00:14:52,000 --> 00:14:54,000


316
00:14:54,000 --> 00:14:55,000


317
00:14:55,000 --> 00:14:56,000


318
00:14:56,000 --> 00:15:01,000


319
00:15:01,000 --> 00:15:03,000


320
00:15:03,000 --> 00:15:06,000


321
00:15:06,000 --> 00:15:09,000


322
00:15:09,000 --> 00:15:12,000


323
00:15:12,000 --> 00:15:14,000


324
00:15:14,000 --> 00:15:18,000


325
00:15:18,000 --> 00:15:20,000


326
00:15:20,000 --> 00:15:23,000


327
00:15:23,000 --> 00:15:27,000


328
00:15:27,000 --> 00:15:31,000


329
00:15:31,000 --> 00:15:34,000


330
00:15:34,000 --> 00:15:36,000


331
00:15:36,000 --> 00:15:38,000


332
00:15:38,000 --> 00:15:41,000


333
00:15:41,000 --> 00:15:44,000


334
00:15:44,000 --> 00:15:47,000


335
00:15:47,000 --> 00:15:51,000


336
00:15:51,000 --> 00:15:52,000


337
00:15:52,000 --> 00:15:57,000


338
00:15:57,000 --> 00:16:01,000


339
00:16:01,000 --> 00:16:03,000


340
00:16:03,000 --> 00:16:06,000


341
00:16:06,000 --> 00:16:07,000


342
00:16:07,000 --> 00:16:09,000


343
00:16:09,000 --> 00:16:11,000


344
00:16:11,000 --> 00:16:12,000


345
00:16:12,000 --> 00:16:14,000


346
00:16:14,000 --> 00:16:16,000


347
00:16:16,000 --> 00:16:24,000


348
00:16:24,000 --> 00:16:27,000


349
00:16:27,000 --> 00:16:28,000


350
00:16:28,000 --> 00:16:31,000


351
00:16:31,000 --> 00:16:32,000


352
00:16:32,000 --> 00:16:34,000


353
00:16:34,000 --> 00:16:36,000


354
00:16:36,000 --> 00:16:39,000


355
00:16:39,000 --> 00:16:41,000


356
00:16:41,000 --> 00:16:42,000


357
00:16:42,000 --> 00:16:44,000


358
00:16:44,000 --> 00:16:45,000


359
00:16:45,000 --> 00:16:47,000


360
00:16:47,000 --> 00:16:49,000


361
00:16:49,000 --> 00:16:52,000


362
00:16:52,000 --> 00:16:53,000


363
00:16:53,000 --> 00:16:55,000


364
00:16:55,000 --> 00:16:59,000


365
00:16:59,000 --> 00:17:01,000


366
00:17:01,000 --> 00:17:02,000


367
00:17:02,000 --> 00:17:05,000


368
00:17:05,000 --> 00:17:07,000


369
00:17:07,000 --> 00:17:12,000


370
00:17:12,000 --> 00:17:13,000


371
00:17:13,000 --> 00:17:16,000


372
00:17:16,000 --> 00:17:22,000


373
00:17:22,000 --> 00:17:23,000


374
00:17:23,000 --> 00:17:27,000


375
00:17:27,000 --> 00:17:28,000


376
00:17:28,000 --> 00:17:31,000


377
00:17:31,000 --> 00:17:34,000


378
00:17:34,000 --> 00:17:36,000


379
00:17:36,000 --> 00:17:40,000


380
00:17:40,000 --> 00:17:43,000


381
00:17:43,000 --> 00:17:46,000


382
00:17:46,000 --> 00:17:50,000


383
00:17:50,000 --> 00:17:54,000


384
00:17:54,000 --> 00:18:00,000


385
00:18:00,000 --> 00:18:04,000


386
00:18:04,000 --> 00:18:06,000


387
00:18:06,000 --> 00:18:07,000


388
00:18:07,000 --> 00:18:10,000


389
00:18:10,000 --> 00:18:13,000


390
00:18:13,000 --> 00:18:17,000


391
00:18:17,000 --> 00:18:19,000


392
00:18:19,000 --> 00:18:23,000


393
00:18:23,000 --> 00:18:25,000


394
00:18:25,000 --> 00:18:27,000


395
00:18:27,000 --> 00:18:29,000


396
00:18:29,000 --> 00:18:33,000


397
00:18:33,000 --> 00:18:36,000