WEBVTT 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 (2:19 D. Koller) Hi everyone! It's a real privilege for me to be able to speak with you 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and thank you all for these amazing contributions that you're all making 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 towards making education accessible to a much, much larger number of people. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I'd also like to start off by thanking not only you, the individual volunteers, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but also the organizations that have been working with us here at Coursera 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to help you and to help us with this amazing project. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And these include GUOKR in China, the Lemann Foundation in Brazil, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 ABBYY Language services in Russia, the Slim Foundation in Mexico 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and many other organizations that we hope will come onboard too (unclear ...ully) 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 or that are already with us in order to help this translation project. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Coursera has always been an international platform. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 As it happens, both my co-founder Andrew Ng and myself are not originally from the United States. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I grew up in Israel and Andrew grew up in Hong Kong and Singapore. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And so, we've always realized the importance of having an effort that spands the globe 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and appeals -- and that's accessible to everyone. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 In fact, even from the earliest days of the MOOC effort, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 we had only 40% of the audience from the United States, 60% from outside the United States. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And that fraction of people outside the United States has only been growing over time: 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 well (check) now only a third of our audience comes from the United States. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And so, we're really excited to have -- to be able to expand that reach to an even larger number of people. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Half or more of our users are currently from countries where the primary language is not English. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Now, this is pretty incredible when you think about this. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Our courses are hard. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 They're hard even if you're listening to them in your native language. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And if you're listening to them in a language where you have to simultaneously 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 think about understanding what's being said as well as to understand the material, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I mean, that's really an incredible challenge, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and it's quite amazing that these many people have been able to deal with that, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but at the same time, we realize that there's many many more for whom this is a barrier, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that is, that their inability to simultaneously understand English and the content NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 prevents them from having the benefit of access to our courses. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And so, because of that, we knew that we needed to make Coursera more accessible 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and a better place for learners all over the world, regardless of what their native language is. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And so, we've been doing a number of things to move that along, NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 we've been partnering with institutions that teach in native languages other than English, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and currently, we have, I think, ten different -- nine different languages offered on the platform 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and we hope to increase both the number of languages 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 as well as the number of courses in each of those languages, NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to make a much broader range of content available to people. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 We've internationalized the user interface of the platform into six languages, NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 so as to make people whose native language is that language 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 feel at home when they came onto the site. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And now, in what I think is likely to be our biggest-impact project yet 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 in terms of increasing access regardless of language barriers, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 we have the Global Translation Community project, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 lead by my amazing colleagues Sébastien and Eli, here 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and it's a -- all the credit goes to them, by the way. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So, we've been just awe-struck by the passion and commitment 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that we've seen among all of you in joining this effort. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And I know we've heard from many of you that for you, this is an opportunity to give something back 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but it's sort of, you know, I think there is an amazing opportunity here of free, high-quality education 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and this is a way for you to share that education with people that, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 you now, might not otherwise have access tools -- in many cases your fellow country-people 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and it's really amazing that you decided to give of your time, your energy and your passion 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to make that possible. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And I know that many people in your countries and in other countries that speak the same language NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 will be very grateful for your effort and I know we are as well: so thank you all. NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 (7:12 E. Bildner) Thank you, thank you so much for that introduction (inaudible) Daphne. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Again, just as I mentioned, my name is Eli and I work on the International Grow team 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and we'll field some of the great questions that we're seeing coming in. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Just a couple of logistical notes: 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I see there are a few questions about the nature of the community logistics 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and Sébastien and I will get to those, I guess after (inaudible) Daphne. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So we'll let Daphne talk about more (inaudible) about Coursera and international growth. NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 In a second (check) I see there are a couple more comments about the hangout being a little bit hard to hear, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 if you're watching through YouTube, it might be better to click through to the link to the live hangout 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and close the YouTube tab. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 You can only hear it once. I hope that will take care of that. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So, with that started, with that all said, I wanted to - let's see, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I saw a question here about the effect, you know, NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 what impact Coursera will have on the globalization of higher education. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So, I guess, you characteristically (check) talked about that, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 you know, what does this mean for having universities in many different countries 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 (inaudible) worldwide higher education (inaudible) 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 (8:23 D. Koller) So I think, in some sense, this is a tremendous opportunity NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 for higher education and for the world 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 because it allows people to see education as it's offered in parts of the world 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that many will just never have the opportunity to visit 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and so, you can view this as a way of allowing people 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to share perspectives and opinions across national boundaries 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and many of our courses, in fact, are very much contextualized. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So for example, if you're teaching a course on sociology 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 or on sustainability or on business, or many other topics, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 the perspectives that you'd get from someone in China 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 is very different from what you would get from someone in Nigeria or in the United States. NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So this ability to really get these diverse points of view and share those with other learners 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 is really, I think, one of the things that both the learners on our platform get (inaudible) 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 also the instructors who are teaching benefit a lot from this. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So I think that's one aspect of globalization. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 The other aspect, I think, is just the capacity issue that is present in many parts of the world. NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Those of us who live in countries that are -- where the educational infrastructure is better developed 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 often take for granted the ability that we have to just sign up for a college 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and obviously, we have to pass the admission criteria, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but if we do, then there is a place for us and we have the opportunity to learn; 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but in many parts of the world, that's just not true. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And there are people that would dearly love to have the opportunity for an educational experience 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and that opportunity is just not there for them, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 because of a lack of capacity in the educational system, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 because they don't have enough money, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 because of social circumstances and -- or economic circumstances -- 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and this really, I think, allows the opportunity for people in those countries 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to have access to something that just otherwise would not exist. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And hopefully, over time, the educational infrastructure will catch up, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 maybe, perhaps, to some extent by having that content there 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that helps further development and create more qualified instructors within the country. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And so we hope to use this as a spur to develop 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 -- to spur the development of educational infrastructure around the world. NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 (10:52 E. Bildner) Daphne, I guess we're seeing a couple of other questions come in. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 How do you see Coursera interacting with other online initiatives in -- 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that are specifically focused on individual countries, you know, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Coursera is an international platform, but there are lots of local resources (inaudible) to you 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and how do you see that interaction working? NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 (11:12 D. Koller) So I think there is a diverse -- with this move towards online education 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that really started out with the efforts that Andrew and I did at Stanford in September 2001, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 there is now realization that there is a big opportunity there, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and there is a number of initiatives that are coming up to leverage that and move that forward. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 You know, I think that some of these are efforts that are very, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 in some sense, complementary to what we're doing. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So, for example, there are portals in certain countries, like Nadees (check) portal for example, NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that is one of our Chinese partners, that really point to great content from Coursera, NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 from Khan Academy, from other resources NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and serve as a place where people in that country can find out about great educational content. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 (inaudible) a little bit more similar to what we're doing, so you could view this, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 they're trying to do the same thing, but perhaps focused on the needs of that particular country 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and I think that's totally fine, because there is a limited capacity to what we can host on Coursera 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 in terms of university partners, NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and so if you have a site that says "I'm going to allow the many universities within a given country 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that can't be on Coursera to still offer content in language, in -- you know, that's really, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that's about local -- that really focus on aspects that are tied to the local culture (check)" 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I think that's absolutely fine. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 (12:47 E. Bildner) Thanks. We get a great question coming in from Akhrum Dahab (check), 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I guess n Tchad. Thank you, Akhram. NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 "What would you do to help people from poor countries with limited connection speed, NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 like Tchad where I live?" 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 (12:59 D. Koller) Well, first of all, thank you so much for joining us from Tchad. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 That's very far away and it's wonderful that people from all over the world are part of this effort. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So thank you for participating. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 We completely realize that there are serious infrastructure issues NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 in allowing people from parts of the world where broadband internet, for example, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 is not readily available, to access our kind of content. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And so, there is a two-part answer to this. NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 The first is that the digital divide is a prevalent problem 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that we at Coursera are not going to be the solution for, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 because there are only so many problems that an organization can tackle. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 But fortunately, there is a number of organizations, governments and NGOs, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that are working to try and overcome those infrastructure issues in a much broader basis NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and we're delighted to see that happening. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 There's been tremendous progress in India, for example, recently, NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and I hope other countries will follow suit. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 At the same time, we're doing what we can on our side, until that happens, to try and increase access. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And that includes programs like the Global Translation Community, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 which hope (check) to overcome language barriers, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 the significant effort that we've made on building mobile apps 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that allow those people who access the internet primarily by their mobile device NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to have a much better experience, and that's specifically, I think, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 common in developing countries. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And then there is a number of efforts that we've made in the Learning Hub project, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 which are these physical spaces that have high broadband internet connectivity NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 in places like US embassies, or the digital libraries of the Slim foundation in Mexico and Latin America, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 as well as a number of other partners that we have around the world NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that provide local hubs where people who don't necessarily have access to the internet NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 can come and study quietly, often with the guidance of the (inaudible) 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and we see amazing learning outcomes in those places, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 with much higher completion rates than we see in just the general population, NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and people having incredible experiences with that. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And so that's another thing that we've done. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 (15:20 E. Bildner) Thanks, Daphne. A couple of other questions: NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Interesting one here from Hoda's (check), if I'm mispronouncing your name, Injay (check) in a -- 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 not sure where you come from, it's an interesting question: 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 "Will Coursera be focusing on elistic education, as in knowledge for the sake of knowledge, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 or will be filling the gaps in reward system" NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 so, I guess, more of a kind of vocational education. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 How do you think about that (inaudible) about Coursera's place is? 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 (D. Koller) So, we're committed to education in multiple forms. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 We believe that it's wonderful that, if someone wants to study poetry or philosophy, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 we think that has an important place, even though that might not, for most people, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 be along their career projectory (check). 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 At the same time, we also realize that, for many people, one of their goals in education 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 is to increase their ability to provide for themselves and their families, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and have access to a more, you know, stimulating job than they currently do. NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And so we really try to do both things: 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 we have a very broad range of disciplines represented on our platform, NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 including music and the arts and philosophy, and archeology 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 a whole bunch of topics like that, but also we simply -- 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 there's a whole lot of topics that are much more applied, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and if you call them "vocational" in the sense that they cater only to academic disciplines, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but there are things like Android development, (inaudible) science, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 programming, finance, accounting, NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 things that are really very much in line with the possibility of getting a better job. NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Our recently launched specializations also are very much in that vein, NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 because there's not only a curriculum that allows -- that spans multiple courses 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 (inaudible) to achieve mastery in a given discipline that can really give much stronger chances of a better job, NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but is also accompanied with a capstone project, like a final project 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that allows learners to demonstrate their ability to apply their skills in the context of the real world. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Problem (check) in that gets -- that's something that can get, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 be used as a part of their portfolio when applying for a job. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And so, we believe that we'd like to give those learners who want this 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 the opportunity to use the educational platform in order to make a better life for themselves. NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 (17:46 E. Bildner) Thanks Daphne. Interesting question here from Andres. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Andres asks "Udacity just recently decided to discontinue their free certification program, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 so you changed (inaudible) somewhat. What's Coursera's view on, I guess, that." 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 But I guess, more generally, how do we think about for the importance of free education 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and I guess, incorporating that into our own business and long term strategy?" NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 (18:10 D. Koller) So, we are very committed to the notion of free education, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and having the content remain free and available to everyone. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 We have two kinds of outcomes, if you will, that we offer learners currently on the platform 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and we view them quite differently. NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 There is our verified certificate and our statement of accomplishment. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 We view the statement of accomplishment not as a credential or certificate. NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 We view that as more of a memento that the learner can say: 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 "OK, I feel good because I took something away with me from the course." 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 It's not a credential because it doesn't have any kind of validation associated with it. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 It's not identity-verified, so Eli here can take the class in my place and get a certificate 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that says "Daphne Koller" and it's not, you know, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 there is no guarantee that I was the one who did the work, and in fact it's Eli who did the work. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So -- and furthermore, creating one of these statements of accomplishment is really easy, NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 you can take the PDF and you can (inaudible), 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 you know, I can put my name instead of Eli's name -- 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 (E. Bildner 19:22) Don't try this NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 (D. Koller) OK, don't try this (laughter) 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 But the point is that there is no academic integrity associated with the statement of accomplishment: 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 it's a memento. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 The verified certificate that we offer as part of our Signature Track is a credential. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 It's identity-verified, it's unforgeable because it has a (inaudible: ...ation) code. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 It's true that that one does have a modest cost, you know, $40-50 is about typical, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but at the same time, we have from the very beginning, day 1, NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 have had a financial aid program, so that learners from backgrounds NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that don't allow them to afford that $40 or $50, can still basically fill out a very simple 1-page application 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and we waive that $40 or $50 fee for that credential. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And so, you can basically say: "Look, it's free to those learners who need it to be free 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and the other ones who can afford the $40 or $50, which for a large number of our learners, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 is, you know, not a very signi-- not a very onerous burden, NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 they help pay for the free education we are providing to everyone." NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 (20:31 E. Bildner) Thanks, Daphne. All right, let's see. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Interesting question here from Rishkash (check) . Apoplogies again, I'm mispronouncing it -- 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 (D. Koller) Rishkash (E. Bildner) Rishkash. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 "Do you think that translating courses will get people to learn the subject? 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Because I think the course will probably require English somewhere down the line." 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So I guess, the question, more broadly, is, you know, right now, translations are focused on subtitles, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I guess the user interface is translated too, but how are we thinking about NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 helping people experience a full course in either in translation, NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 or in a language that's more comp-- that's a little easier for them to get along? 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 (21:06 D. Koller) No, I think that's an excellent question, thank you, Rishikash. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So, right now, as Eli said, the translations are solely for the subtitles to the course. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And we realize that there is many parts of the experience, NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 like the assessments, for example, where you still need English in order to do the course completely. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So, let's see: where do we sit on that? NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Right now, we think that there is still -- in certain courses, you can use Google Translate, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 for example for some of the assessments, because if the questions are short and mostly, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 are just like writing, you know, answering the multiple choice questions or writing a program, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 you don't really need that much English if accompanied by Google Translate, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 really, to do that. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 But that's only a sub-set of courses. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 In order to provide a fully translated course experience, NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 we would need to do some really fairly heavy lifting on the product's side, on the platform. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 It's definitely something that we plan to do. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 We haven't had a chance to do that yet: 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 we're a small company, there's many things that we'd like to do, NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and we just haven't got around to this one 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but we hope to get around to it soon, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and so be able to provide people with a much more internationalized course experience, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 where you will also potentially have, you know, forums that are in different languages and, you know, NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 hopefully we will be able to do peer-grading in different languages, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 so that people who speak Chinese will grade people who wrote their essays in Chinese and -- 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 versus other languages and -- 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and so, there is a lot of things that we still have to do and we hope to be able to get to that soon. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 (22:55 E. Bildner) Thank you. Interesting question here from David. David asks: NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 "Will we ever see language courses on Coursera?" 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I mean, you know, I love learning languages, (inaudible) people out there, NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 whether it's perfecting their English or different languages. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Have you got something to say to (inaudible)? NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 (23:09 D. Koller) You know, I hope the answer to that is yes. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 We are in some ways, you know, dependent on our university partners 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 in which courses they elect to put on the platform. NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Right now, we've not yet had someone jump up and say: 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 "I'd like to teach a language course." NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 We do have one course which is an English as a Second Language course, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 which is intended for teachers of English as a second language, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but we don't have any real language courses and we can give this as a call to all our university partners: 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 If you're interested in offering a language course, please let me know and we'd love to have one. NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 (23:40 E. Bildner) Great and I look forward to that. (D. Koller) Yes, and me too. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 (E. Bildner) Let's see. Here is a question from Mahmoud (check). Machmoud asks: 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 "Does Coursera plan to set up any infrastructure NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 (inaudible) infrastructure in different countries to (inaudible) in person testing?" 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I guess, you know, the idea being that that would be, you know, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 if that would improve the authentication experience for (inaudible) earning a verified certificate. NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 How do you think about that? 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 (24:18 D. Koller) I think that this is a very interesting notion, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and right now, we haven't seen a huge demand for it yet, NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 partly because I think the incidence is, at this point, of cheating on our platform, NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 they are definitely there, but they're not hugely common 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and so, it's not something that people really clamored for. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 But I think as the stakes grow, you know, for example, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 as more and more employers start recognizing these credentials, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 as universities start accepting them for credit and in some cases, perhaps, NOTE Paragraph 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 we'll need to have a higher level of academic integrity, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 at which point we might explore this possibility. 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