9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (2:19 D. Koller) Hi everyone! It's a real privilege for me to be able to speak with you 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and thank you all for these amazing contributions that you're all making 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 towards making education accessible to a much, much larger number of people. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I'd also like to start off by thanking not only you, the individual volunteers, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 but also the organizations that have been working with us here at Coursera 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 to help you and to help us with this amazing project. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And these include GUOKR in China, the Lemann Foundation in Brazil, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 ABBYY Language services in Russia, the Slim Foundation in Mexico 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and many other organizations that we hope will come onboard too (unclear ...ully) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 or that are already with us in order to help this translation project. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Coursera has always been an international platform. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 As it happens, both my co-founder Andrew Ng and myself are not originally from the United States. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I grew up in Israel and Andrew grew up in Hong Kong and Singapore. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And so, we've always realized the importance of having an effort that spands the globe 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and appeals -- and that's accessible to everyone. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 In fact, even from the earliest days of the MOOC effort, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 we had only 40% of the audience from the United States, 60% from outside the United States. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And that fraction of people outside the United States has only been growing over time: 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 well (check) now only a third of our audience comes from the United States. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And so, we're really excited to have -- to be able to expand that reach to an even larger number of people. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Half or more of our users are currently from countries where the primary language is not English. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Now, this is pretty incredible when you think about this. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Our courses are hard. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 They're hard even if you're listening to them in your native language. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And if you're listening to them in a language where you have to simultaneously 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 think about understanding what's being said as well as to understand the material, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I mean, that's really an incredible challenge, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and it's quite amazing that these many people have been able to deal with that, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 but at the same time, we realize that there's many many more for whom this is a barrier, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that is, that their inability to simultaneously understand English and the content 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 prevents them from having the benefit of access to our courses. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And so, because of that, we knew that we needed to make Coursera more accessible 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and a better place for learners all over the world, regardless of what their native language is. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And so, we've been doing a number of things to move that along, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 we've been partnering with institutions that teach in native languages other than English, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and currently, we have, I think, ten different -- nine different languages offered on the platform 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and we hope to increase both the number of languages 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 as well as the number of courses in each of those languages, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 to make a much broader range of content available to people. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 We've internationalized the user interface of the platform into six languages, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 so as to make people whose native language is that language 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 feel at home when they came onto the site. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And now, in what I think is likely to be our biggest-impact project yet 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 in terms of increasing access regardless of language barriers, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 we have the Global Translation Community project, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 lead by my amazing colleagues Sébastien and Eli, here 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and it's a -- all the credit goes to them, by the way. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So, we've been just awe-struck by the passion and commitment 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that we've seen among all of you in joining this effort. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And I know we've heard from many of you that for you, this is an opportunity to give something back 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 but it's sort of, you know, I think there is an amazing opportunity here of free, high-quality education 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and this is a way for you to share that education with people that, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 you now, might not otherwise have access tools -- in many cases your fellow country-people 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and it's really amazing that you decided to give of your time, your energy and your passion 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 to make that possible. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And I know that many people in your countries and in other countries that speak the same language 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 will be very grateful for your effort and I know we are as well: so thank you all. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (7:12 E. Bildner) Thank you, thank you so much for that introduction (inaudible) Daphne. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Again, just as I mentioned, my name is Eli and I work on the International Grow team 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and we'll field some of the great questions that we're seeing coming in. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Just a couple of logistical notes: 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I see there are a few questions about the nature of the community logistics 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and Sébastien and I will get to those, I guess after (inaudible) Daphne. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So we'll let Daphne talk about more (inaudible) about Coursera and international growth. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 In a second (check) I see there are a couple more comments about the hangout being a little bit hard to hear, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 if you're watching through YouTube, it might be better to click through to the link to the live hangout 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and close the YouTube tab. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 You can only hear it once. I hope that will take care of that. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So, with that started, with that all said, I wanted to - let's see, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I saw a question here about the effect, you know, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 what impact Coursera will have on the globalization of higher education. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So, I guess, you characteristically (check) talked about that, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 you know, what does this mean for having universities in many different countries 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (inaudible) worldwide higher education (inaudible) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (8:23 D. Koller) So I think, in some sense, this is a tremendous opportunity 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 for higher education and for the world 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 because it allows people to see education as it's offered in parts of the world 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that many will just never have the opportunity to visit 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and so, you can view this as a way of allowing people 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 to share perspectives and opinions across national boundaries 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and many of our courses, in fact, are very much contextualized. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So for example, if you're teaching a course on sociology 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 or on sustainability or on business, or many other topics, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 the perspectives that you'd get from someone in China 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 is very different from what you would get from someone in Nigeria or in the United States. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So this ability to really get these diverse points of view and share those with other learners 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 is really, I think, one of the things that both the learners on our platform get (inaudible) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 also the instructors who are teaching benefit a lot from this. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So I think that's one aspect of globalization. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 The other aspect, I think, is just the capacity issue that is present in many parts of the world. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Those of us who live in countries that are -- where the educational infrastructure is better developed 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 often take for granted the ability that we have to just sign up for a college 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and obviously, we have to pass the admission criteria, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 but if we do, then there is a place for us and we have the opportunity to learn; 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 but in many parts of the world, that's just not true. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And there are people that would dearly love to have the opportunity for an educational experience 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and that opportunity is just not there for them, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 because of a lack of capacity in the educational system, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 because they don't have enough money, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 because of social circumstances and -- or economic circumstances -- 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and this really, I think, allows the opportunity for people in those countries 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 to have access to something that just otherwise would not exist. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And hopefully, over time, the educational infrastructure will catch up, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 maybe, perhaps, to some extent by having that content there 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that helps further development and create more qualified instructors within the country. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And so we hope to use this as a spur to develop 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 -- to spur the development of educational infrastructure around the world. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (10:52 E. Bildner) Daphne, I guess we're seeing a couple of other questions come in. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 How do you see Coursera interacting with other online initiatives in -- 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that are specifically focused on individual countries, you know, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Coursera is an international platform, but there are lots of local resources (inaudible) to you 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and how do you see that interaction working? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (11:12 D. Koller) So I think there is a diverse -- with this move towards online education 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that really started out with the efforts that Andrew and I did at Stanford in September 2001, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 there is now realization that there is a big opportunity there, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and there is a number of initiatives that are coming up to leverage that and move that forward. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 You know, I think that some of these are efforts that are very, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 in some sense, complementary to what we're doing. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So, for example, there are portals in certain countries, like Nadees (check) portal for example, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that is one of our Chinese partners, that really point to great content from Coursera, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 from Khan Academy, from other resources 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and serve as a place where people in that country can find out about great educational content. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (inaudible) a little bit more similar to what we're doing, so you could view this, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 they're trying to do the same thing, but perhaps focused on the needs of that particular country 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and I think that's totally fine, because there is a limited capacity to what we can host on Coursera 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 in terms of university partners, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and so if you have a site that says "I'm going to allow the many universities within a given country 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that can't be on Coursera to still offer content in language, in -- you know, that's really, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that's about local -- that really focus on aspects that are tied to the local culture (check)" 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I think that's absolutely fine. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (12:47 E. Bildner) Thanks. We get a great question coming in from Akhrum Dahab (check), 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I guess n Tchad. Thank you, Akhram. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 "What would you do to help people from poor countries with limited connection speed, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 like Tchad where I live?" 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (12:59 D. Koller) Well, first of all, thank you so much for joining us from Tchad. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 That's very far away and it's wonderful that people from all over the world are part of this effort. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So thank you for participating. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 We completely realize that there are serious infrastructure issues 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 in allowing people from parts of the world where broadband internet, for example, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 is not readily available, to access our kind of content. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And so, there is a two-part answer to this. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 The first is that the digital divide is a prevalent problem 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that we at Coursera are not going to be the solution for, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 because there are only so many problems that an organization can tackle. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 But fortunately, there is a number of organizations, governments and NGOs, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that are working to try and overcome those infrastructure issues in a much broader basis 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and we're delighted to see that happening. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 There's been tremendous progress in India, for example, recently, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and I hope other countries will follow suit. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 At the same time, we're doing what we can on our side, until that happens, to try and increase access. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And that includes programs like the Global Translation Community, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 which hope (check) to overcome language barriers, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 the significant effort that we've made on building mobile apps 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that allow those people who access the internet primarily by their mobile device 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 to have a much better experience, and that's specifically, I think, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 common in developing countries. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And then there is a number of efforts that we've made in the Learning Hub project, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 which are these physical spaces that have high broadband internet connectivity 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 in places like US embassies, or the digital libraries of the Slim foundation in Mexico and Latin America, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 as well as a number of other partners that we have around the world 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that provide local hubs where people who don't necessarily have access to the internet 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 can come and study quietly, often with the guidance of the (inaudible) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and we see amazing learning outcomes in those places, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 with much higher completion rates than we see in just the general population, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and people having incredible experiences with that. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And so that's another thing that we've done. 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