0:00:03.591,0:02:17.971 (Sébastien) Intro start to -> 2:18 0:02:19.093,0:33:34.061 (Daphne Koller) 2:19 -> 33:34 0:33:34.061,0:33:38.572 (Eli Bindner) Great, thanks so much, Daphne, and then again, just to remind everyone here, 0:33:38.573,0:33:45.424 so now I will spend some time talking more specifically about the GTC and we'll let you get on with your day 0:33:45.424,0:33:52.454 But thanks again for having been with us.[br](Koller) Thank you. - Thank you 9:59:59.000,0:33:44.791 (Bindner) Just a reminder: if you see questions that are being asked on the ...... (check 33:50) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and you're really in ........ (check) boost them up so the come to our attention. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And - let's take a quick look at any questions have been asked already. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So, I see that there is a great question here about translation quality. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Sébastien, do you want to talk a little about what we're thinking about ensuring translation quality in the GTC 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and what kind of procedure ...... (check) on place? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (Sébastien) Sure. So, the way we tried to continually up quality of translations from GTC 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 is to have sort of a tutoring system for, you know, as individual act volunteers (check) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 we rely on you just sort of submit the translations and let us know what you think would be the best translation 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 but obviously, there is a lot of range of opinions and a lot of different ways you can translate something. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And so, I think it's always important to have at least one person per language 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 to sort of be that voice and have the final say in deciding, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 this is how we want to present translations of our content in this language. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And so, in this capacity, we have a specific role, it's the language coordinator. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Not all languages have this at the moment. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 As we scale up the program and learn from the particular needs of each community, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 we intend to fill those spots where we can, strategically 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and give that person the responsibility of deciding the directions for the language 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and also having the daily task of reviewing translations on Transifex, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 to make sure that everything is always correct, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 but also in line with what they sort of want to project (check), 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 like when we have that translated content shown to our international users. (35:56) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (Bindner) Thanks, Sébastien. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I wanted to talk a little bit 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 -- there's a question here from .... (check) about when language coordinators will be chosen. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So, as Sébastien mentioned, ....... (check) is being totally thrilled and overwhelmed, frankly, with response to the GTC 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and are really grateful to everyone. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Part of the challenge for us, now, is that we're a tiny team here ...... (check 36:23) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and we're trying to kind of enable this program and channel the great work that everyone here is doing. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So, as part of that, we're working a little bit more slowly than I think we would have liked. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 But as a first step, we really wanted to bring everyone onto this internal translation portal, these GTC Headquarters, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and also give everyone the possibility to just kind of jump into things. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And as Sébastien mentioned, we sort of have this tutorate system 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 where we work with partners in certain languages 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and then, for other languages where we don't have partners yet, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 although ....... (check) might very well in the future, it's a little bit more ....... (check) now. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 But part of the structure that we will be building into these currently unpartnered languages 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 is by bringing in language partners. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So we've been thrilled to see a lot of interest from all around in serving as language coordinators. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And over the next week or two, we'll be looking through these applications 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and working out procedures to ...... (check) language coordinators. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 An idea is that right now, things are very unstructured. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 If you -- you know, you just have a list of courses, you can jump in and translate, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 there's no one for unpartnered languages to really review 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 The idea is we'll be building out (check) a lot more structure around that 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and within... structures.... 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 - we've seen it be really effective in our Portuguese and Chinese language communities 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that work on team model, where there are team leaders and they help recruit a team 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and at the end, when the course is finished, the team leaders help review the content 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and then you can ensure really high-quality translation, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 while also creating a really good experience for everyone participating. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So, that's one model that's worked really well 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and we hope to bring some of that into our currently unpartnered languages too. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So again, thank you for your patience in these initital days and couple of weeks 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and over the next week (check) we'll be digging much more into the currently unpartnered languages 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 to help create a more structured and smoother experience around those. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Amazingly -- this is a final note and sorry to talk so much -- 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 you know, we've been totally overwhelmed by how 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 -- even for these languages where there hasn't been a lot of structure -- 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 how busy ....... (check) and how a lot of you are creating structure in the ...... (check) structure. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So, really, really impressed and grateful for that, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and we're hoping to help a little bit more on our .... weeks (38:50) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (Sébastien) Yes, and I also want to mention that, you know, as we sort of are getting over this, sic, initial 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 -- I guess I'll catch up in trying to get everyone into the community and get started -- 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 we're freeing up more time to sort of engage with you directly. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I think it's, you know, I think the beauty of -- ....... (check) like you said, Eli -- of crowdsourcing 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 is the fact that, like, we all have different skills and different interests 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and, you know, different amounts of time that we're able to contribute. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And, you know, [to match check], I look at it as our job to figure out 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 how to best enable everyone to work the way that they want to work together, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and complement those skills. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So, that's sort of the philosophy behind the way that we are approaching 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 building up this structure of the translation (check) programs. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 The other aspect, though, is community, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 which I feel like is the primary focus. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And, you know, as we have more bandwidth (check) to sort of personally engage with you, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 either through forms or emails, you know, I can see this consistently like 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 this is a learning experience for a lot of us, you know, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and you know, I -- as the people on the ground, like I want to hear, you know, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 your feedback and your ideas, like, you know, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 like Eli mentioned that some people are creating structures on their own 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and that is stuff that should be shared with us, you know, so that we can, you know, learn from 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 how you guys best work and what we can promote to other people 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and evolve, so that we take the best of what's happening within the community 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and make the entire community better. (40:37) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (Bindner) Thanks, Sébastien. There's a question here, asked from Luis (check) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 "Are you going to offer some consultation for translators?" 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I'm not -- I hope I'm answering this as you intended but I think the question is, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 "What kind of recognition does Coursera provide for people that are participating in this program?" 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And as we tried to mention in different areas in the forums and emails, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 we really want to recognize the amazing work that's going on in the community 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and so we're doing a number of things for that. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So one is, once you translate, once a member of the GTC translates a certain threshold, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 a certain amount of content, they will be recognized on our public site 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and we think that this is hopefully a nice way to recognize people putting in time and energy 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 by recognizing them on our public site on coursera.org/about/meetourtranslators 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 -- I think that's the URL but we'll make sure that it's clear in our GTC headquarters -- 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and that's one way. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Another way is by offering certificates. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I know there is another question about, will Coursera have some formal recognition for translators, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and so, for translators who have participated at a certain level, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 you'll receive a statement of accomplishment, just like one for a course, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and that's something that we're also open to ............ (check) including, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 but as a start, that's just one form of recognition that we want to give, for 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 -- you know, we -- once we have a little bit more structure, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 particularly for languages that are currently unpartnered, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 it'll be easier for us to introduce some of these reward systems 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 so one thing that we're doing both in the Chinese and Portuguese communities now, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 where we have a little bit more structure, is that we are offering team leaders, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 so, people who are ...... (check) effort and pouring a lot of energy into translation, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 get a free signature track, and that's something that will continue 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and then we want to do all sorts of small things too. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I'm sure I'm missing things, l -- let's have a peak on our Global Translator Community Headquarters 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and go through this stuff in detail, so I recommend .... (check) check that out 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 But we want to do a lot of small things too, for instance this sort of hangout, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 which is only open to you GTC members, other special events, you know, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 one thing we've done in the past, are bringing in professors of courses 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 to do hangouts on air like this, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 facilitating regional meetups of translators, maybe providing some, you know, financial support 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 to make those kinds of regional meetups possible. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And I think there are tons of ways that we can help recognize the work that is going on in the community. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And I think at the end of the day, Sébastien 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 -- ............ (check) community supportive of the people who are involved in it -- 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 so, this is really important to us and we really, we welcome your feedback and any ideas that you have. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So hopefully, that answers your question, Luis, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and yes, I know that lots of other people are interested in that as well. (43:42) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Let's take a look at some of these other questions here. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So, a good question about choosing courses. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Sébastien, do you want to talk a little bit about how, you know, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 how we might allow volunteers to help choose the courses that we're working on? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (Sébastien) Errh, totally. So just some background about 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 -- some insight into how we choose the courses that we currently translate, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 because I realize that's, like, a little bit "black box" at the moment. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 We work with either partners in different countries, like you already mentioned, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 or using analytics data to just sort of understand the needs of various populations 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and ................... (check) appropriateness of courses 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and that's sort of like the primary driver of how we decide that we want to translate a course. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And then, even before that happens, a lot of -- 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 course instructors, you know, they are ultimately the ones that can -- 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 well, we work with course instructors to enable courses for tranlation, right? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And so, in order to make sure that translation work is not, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I want to say (check), like, wasted, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 but we work with course instructors to make sure that their course content is stable, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 as in, like, it will be reused in the future and that won't change significantly, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 so that, like, the translation work that you guys will put in 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 won't be just eliminated if they just decide to change individual modules. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And so, there's sort of a discussion process here about, like, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 selecting the courses and making sure that they are appropriate for translation. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And then, to get to your specific question, I think that having a feedback module 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 for community members to tell us what they want to see translated is really important 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and something that is on our, like, near-future road map. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I don't know if it will be like a Google form, or something in the forums, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 but I think it's really important to collect that kind of -- those requests from people 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 who actually are the people who would be most interested in taking those courses. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And so, good idea, something we've already thought about and hope to implement soon. (45:16) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (Bindner) Thanks, Sébastien. A really fundamental and important question from Tasia. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Tasia asks: "I'm not sure how to get started. Do we get assigned to a project or do we choose one? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 What should we do. Thanks." 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Thank you, Tasia. So, right -- so, basically, this is how it works: 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 so, you're part of the GTC community, you're part -- 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 you've access to this private translators' portal, the Global Translator Community Headquarters. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And once you come on the Headquarters, there are different features for each language community. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And the pages explain how to get started within that language community 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and each language community will be a little bit different. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 That's part of, you know, in designing the program we wanted maintain flexibility. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So, for instance, if you want to join the Chinese language community, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 .......... Chinese speaker (check) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 we work with a partner, a wonderful partner, Guokr, in China 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and so, you go to the page Guokr explains how to join the Guokr program. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Our Portuguese community, which is managed by Tatiana, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I don't know if Tatiana is here, but thank you for all the amazing work you're doing, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 our friends of the Lemann Foundation in Brazil. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 This is a pretty important (check) Portuguese community. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 There is a page for that, you go to that page, and then you can apply to work on a particular program. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So they work on it, a team-based model (47:39) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Right now, as I mentioned before, besides Portuguese and Chinese and Russian 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 -- I'm sorry, so Russian ..... our friends at ABBYY -- 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 have a system where you go to a different platform outside Coursera 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and it's a kind of crowdsourcing model, so you can add a sentence, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 or upload or download existent translations, a really really wonderful platform 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and their page on the Coursera Translator Headquarters explains 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 how to get started on that. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So, if you're not from one of those communities right now, we have pages, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 our page for Other Languages and Spanish, which is also ..... a little bit more ...... (check 48:17) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and again, we'll be building instructions to that by this language coordinators mechanism. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So once language coordinators come onboard, there'll be more structure in these communities as well. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 But for now, you should feel free to jump in to Transifex, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 which is our main translation platform, and just start working on translations. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And we realize that there are going to be inconsistencies in the courses, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that these courses need to be reviewed, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 but very quickly, we will get a language coordinator system moving, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and a reviewer system in place and so, things will be better on that part (check 48:54) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 It's not (check) a summary of how you should get started translating. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (Sébastien) And it's also worth mentioning that we've listed a few projects 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that represent some of those most popular courses on Coursera 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 under that Other Languages tab, and so, even if you want, like, more -- 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 if you just want to dive in and like, choose a course out of the vast number of courses 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that we are offering for translation, then that's also a good starting point. (49:24) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (Bindner) Thanks. There is a good question here about native language course transcripts. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 By the way, another housekeeping note: I see it's already 8:50 a.m. PST, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 so, Sébastien and I will chat for another 10 minutes. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 There are definitely questions we are not going to get to, but we'll go through the questions 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and we'll make sure that other questions that are, you know, that need to be answered, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 are answered in the discussion forums of the GTC portal. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 We'll do this again, I think it is a great mechanism for sharing information with our community (check 14:56) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Thanks again to everyone for being here. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 That said, let's take a couple of questions. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So about the English language transcripts: 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 so how it works right now is when a -- so Coursera is a platform. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Our university partners use the platform and when they create content on the platform, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 when they add videos to the platform, they can request captions, native-language captioning for those videos (check). 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 When they request captioning, that goes to a company that we work with, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that does human language-captioning of videos. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So then people listen to the videos and actually, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 humans write out the words that are being spoken on the screens. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Now, the people who are doing these captions, they are not subject-matter experts, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 so, for instance in the course on Machine Learning, you know, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 they're probably going to get some words wrong, there are going to be grammatical mistakes 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and, you know, one of the challenges that I realize, that we certainly realize as a challenge, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 is that English transcripts are not perfect. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And we think that they've improved a lot, we've worked with this provider that we use to improve that. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I don't know if any, if actually some of you had been on the platform for a couple of years 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and saw the transcripts back in 2012, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and maybe you can tell that they have gone better -- I hope so. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 But one thing that we'd really love to do in the future 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 is that native English speakers participate in this translation program as well 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and work on correcting the English language transcription, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 verifying that as corrected (check 51:19) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 This is somewhat difficult technically and we don't really have an infrastructure for it 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 -- infrastructure or a program for it right now, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 but I think it's a great idea, it's something that we'd love to do, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 because we realize that as Aurelia (check) says, it does make translation harder, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 because you have to consult the videos as you're going through the transcripts. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So, thanks for the question. Definitely agreeing and would love to -- 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and we're planning on working on it in the future (51:47) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Alright. Other questions. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Sorry, looking through the great questions here. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Sébastien, one for you: "Is there any Coursera-approved instruction 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 on tech details of translating subtitles, such as, what is the longest line that would fit into a screen? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Other kinds of technical details about using the platform, or maybe kind of translation best practices? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (Sébastien) Ehm, yeah, I mean, as like, I think I can, like, if you just follow sort of the -- 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 like general translation best practices, they should cover almost any issues that ..... (check 52:32) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I think one will be working with something as, I want to say like a rigid format like subtitles, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 you know, there's not a lot of margin for errors. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So the advice that I would give for translating is that, you know, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 first and foremost, like, you know, consider the semantic meaning of the text that you're translating. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So, if you are in Transifex and you see the subtitles, you'll see that they're grouped by sort of lines, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 where it, like, the screen, the individual sentences that will come up at a time, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and a lot of people sort of, like, fall into this trap of like, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 "Oh I need to, like, format my translations in, like, exact same line breaks" 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 or like, where, like, the English sentence, like, starts on a new line 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and I would say, don't give yourself a headache like doing that, you know, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I've seen like a lot of trans-- innovative (check) translators, like, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 take source text and translate it into for example Russian, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and they will rearrange the sentences so it makes more sense in Russian. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And so, feel free to do that if you feel, like, that is what is valuable for you as a native speaker. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 In terms of length, I would also try -- that's kind of the one concern I would advise for, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 like try to stick within, or under the length of the subtitles, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 because subtitles, if you go on too long, it can affect (check: "enact"????) the readability 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and so, always err on sort of shorter translations 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and use the source text as your bar to measure against. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And then, you know, as I've been sort of explaining through Transifex 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 when people submit a translation, I try to keep a list of sort of these, like, issues where that came from, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I haven't noticed very many so far, but if you do have questions, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 feel free to sort of write. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I can even actually start a sort of, like a Translation Best Practices forum within our GTC. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 just keep that discussion going and collect your feedback and, you know, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 hope you guys will start (check) the daily questions you might have about the work that you do. (5:47) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (Bindner) Thanks, Sébastien. Another question here from Hunadahs [sic, actually Yuki Ame], 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 about promoting courses. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So, you know, the Translation Community translates a course, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 the course is now available in another language. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Anyhow, does this work? (check) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And b) how do students on Coursera know that that course is now available in this other language? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So, Sébastien, do you want to field that one, so how does, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 how do your courses get from the translation platform to the Coursera class site? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And then, how do students on the class site know that these courses are now available in a new language? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (Sébastien Kuo) Sure. So, once a course's content is both complete and reviewed, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 which are two separate sets on Transifex, we actually have an automated script 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that sort of checks for these two things to be true, and then we'll, you know, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 import the translated subtitles to that course's class site on Coursera. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And so, first and foremost, as, when you visit like the class page 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that kind of introduces the course information, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 there'll be a little, like, a module on the right that displays information about the course. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And one of those facets is available subtitles. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And so you'll see, if there's available subtitles for Chinese and Spanish, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 then it'll say "English, Chinese and Spanish subtitles." 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And so, that's ind of the first point where somebody would notice something about that (check) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And then also, as it works on YouTube, like while you're watching a video, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 there'll be a sort of a closed caption / subtitle button 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and hopefully, you know, people will see that and click it 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and see that there's the list of, like, available subtitles, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and one that may match, like the one that they're trying to look for. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 We also work with course instructors to sort of have them, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 like a lot of course instructors, you know, mark it and promote their own courses themselves 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and so, you know, through our partnership managers and also us, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 like, we work very closely with them to sort of keep them abreast about translation progress 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and you know, let them know, like oh, like these language subtitles (check) are available 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and so they can also promote that to their students outside of Coursera 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 or on Coursera itself through an e-mail or their forums. (57:20) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (Eli Bindner) Thanks, Sébastien. So let me just answer a couple more questions very quickly 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and then wrap things up. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So there is a great question about translating the user interface, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 " Is it possible to translate that with Transifex?" 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So right now, we work with professional translators to translate our user interface 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and in the future it's something we'd love to consider opening up to the community as well. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 You know, part of, I guess -- what we're thinking is that once the community develops and grows, that 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 -- and matures and there is more structure in it -- and that will be the appropriate time 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 to open up the interface. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Because obviously, the interface is something that's very visible 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and, you know, it's really important that the quality is super-high. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Right now, we're still working on improving the technical aspects of translating the user interface. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 It's actually somewhat tricky, when you pull down the text from the interface to a translation form, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 making sure that there is enough context there to translate it. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So, you know, for instance, sole example: 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 you know, someone reported a translation error the other day 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 where it said "There are three days left to register for signature track." 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And "left" was translated as, in French, as the word meaning, physically left. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And, you know, clearly, this is a big problem but on the translation platform, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that string "left" was in isolation and was used in two separate locations, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 so it actually takes a lot of work, technically and programatically 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 to make sure that the interface translations work well and you don't have silly errors like that. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So, it's something we'd love to do in future. Thanks for the great question, Leonardo. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Another question about: "Currently, most of the translations are English course to other languages," 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 you know, would we consider going the other way around? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Great question: the answer is definitely yes. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Already, you know, I've seen some amazing things. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Our Chinese community has translated Russian and is now working on Russian and French courses, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 translating them into Chinese or adding Chinese subtitles: totally amazing 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and we want to introduce other language pairs in the near future. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Again: on the road map and and once the community matures a little bit, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 it's something that we definitely want to do. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I would love to work on translating Chinese courses: I teach Chinese 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 [blurred] some amazing Chinese courses on our platform 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and I'd love to see those available. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So, thanks for the great question, Yufan. And-- 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (Sébastien Kuo) You know, it'd be pretty cool one day for you to lead a Chinese community 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 -- GTC Community --- Google Hangout On Air, because Chinese is really impressive. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 As a native speaker I can say that.[br](EB overlaps - incomprehensible) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (Bindner) Yes, that would be fun with me and Kuo co-partners. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 There's another question about Chinese, I think this is a broader question about -- 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 the question is, you know, obviously there are different dialects of Chinese, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 there's Cantonese, there is, you know, traditional characters and simplified characters, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 slightly different usages in, say, Taiwan and mainland: how do we deal with that? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I think there's a broader question of, you know, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 there is Brazilian Portuguese and there is European Portuguese, you know, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 what kind of Spanish are we accepting on the platform? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 These are all great questions and these are things that we'll kind of need to work out on a case-by-case basis. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 You know, we'll talk about this more in our forums but, you know, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 we think that it makes sense 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 to have separate languages for European Portuguese and Brazilian Portuguese, for instance, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that it'll just be a clearer and cleaner experience for both students and translators 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and certainly, there are things that can be done 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 in converting from Simplified Chinese to Traditional Chinese, programmatically, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 but, you know, that's something that we'll need to consider as well. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So, great question from Wah, thank you for asking it, and the answer is that 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 we'll need to work this out on a case-by-case basis. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Let's see if there's any really quick questions that we can answer. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I think, because we're at 9 o'clock and I want to be respectful of everyone's time, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and so I think we should probably wrap this up and again, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 we'll look through the questions that are outstanding and I'll make sure that any ............. (check) ones 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 are answered in the forums or in other channels. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 For my part, I just want to thank everyone for being here today. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I know it's probably crazy time zones, some of you are turning in at, you know, 11 p.m., 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and others at 3 a.m., and ......................... (check sometimes (1:01:54) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 But we're really, really grateful for everyone being here and spending the time with us, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 asking great questions, and for all your work. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Thanks for inviting Daphne and for the rest of the time i'll share with you, Sébastien, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 are there any final words you wanted to add as well. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (Sébastien Kuo) Yeah, I mean, you know, everyday I am super-impressed with the dedication 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 from both Coursera learners and our GTC members. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 You know, as a person who works in localization, languages has always been my passion, like, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 since I was a little kid. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I would go to public libraries and take out, like phrasebooks, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 just to sort of, like, look at these weird words and try to understand what they mean. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And I think one of the most gratifying things about building a community like this 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 is that, you know, reading through all your responses, especially to that question on the application 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that's like (check): "Why do I want to translate?" 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 you know, I see that there are so many people like me, like you, that are really -- 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that not only believe in Coursera's mission of increasing the accessibility of education 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 but also, really believe in the value of translation and community building. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And so, I just want to let you guys know that Eli and I are committed 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 to sort of -- to build out a program that not only lets you shine and that you contribute back to Coursera, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 but also, you know, take that work and, you know, use it to make other Coursera learners 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 more enabled to access our really great content. So, thank you. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (Eli Bindner) Okay, well, as we say, thank you, gracias, спасибо, actually we could go on, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 but we really appreciate everyone being here, and we'll see you, see you out (check). 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (Sébastein Kuo) Definitely. Thanks. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000