[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.31,0:00:02.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What would the world look like
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.69,0:00:05.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if extreme climate change becomes reality?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.33,0:00:06.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, here's just one example.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.89,0:00:10.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If temperatures were to rise\Nby three more degrees Celsius,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.07,0:00:13.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Shanghai, a city of 24\Nmillion people in China
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.08,0:00:14.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will be wiped off the map.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.87,0:00:16.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's not just the only coastal city,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.92,0:00:19.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's at risk of disappearing\Nbeneath rising sea levels.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.69,0:00:23.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Globally, 2019 was the second\Nhottest year on record.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.32,0:00:24.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cities all throughout the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.74,0:00:27.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,experienced record setting\Nsummer temperatures.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.19,0:00:30.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In June, 2019, temperatures\Nin Churu, India,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.56,0:00:33.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,exceeded 120 degrees Fahrenheit,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.21,0:00:35.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the point that the\Ngovernment warned citizens
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.49,0:00:38.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to avoid drinking coffee, tea, and alcohol
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.17,0:00:40.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at a fear of overheating.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.13,0:00:42.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Heat waves are becoming more severe
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.79,0:00:45.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and commonplace place \Ndue to climate change.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.01,0:00:47.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Projected to lead to\Ndeaths at the same rate
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.42,0:00:49.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as all infectious diseases combined.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.54,0:00:52.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This map here, shows the\Nincrease in the severity
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.97,0:00:55.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and prevalence of heat\Nwaves if the world follows
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.93,0:00:57.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a moderate warming scenario.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.75,0:01:01.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By 2050, summertime highs\Nof 95 degrees Fahrenheit,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.58,0:01:04.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or 35 degrees Celsius,\Nwill become the new normal,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.30,0:01:06.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in nearly 1000 cities\Ntriple the number of cities
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.93,0:01:09.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that currently experience\Nthese sweltering temperatures.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.70,0:01:12.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the irony is that\Ncities are not just affected
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.33,0:01:15.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by climate change,\Nthey're also causing it.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.03,0:01:19.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cities consume between 60 and\N80% of global energy resources
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.18,0:01:21.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and account for approximately 70%
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.65,0:01:23.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of global carbon dioxide emissions.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.71,0:01:25.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As we can see here in this map,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.43,0:01:27.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the light blue and the yellow areas
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.10,0:01:28.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,correspond to those with the highest
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.62,0:01:30.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fossil fuel based carbon\Ndioxide emissions,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.93,0:01:34.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also correspond to\Nmajor urban centers.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.46,0:01:37.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Aside from cities energy\Nconsumption, growing urban areas,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.61,0:01:39.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,convert the planets green surfaces
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.18,0:01:41.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to buildings and pavement,\Nand these can absorb
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.31,0:01:42.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more the sun's energy,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.81,0:01:44.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than the natural grasslands and forests
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.33,0:01:46.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they've replaced,\Nmaking urban areas hotter
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.97,0:01:48.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than their surrounding environments.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.53,0:01:51.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This phenomenon is called\Nthe urban heat island effect.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.42,0:01:53.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here in Singapore, downtown neighborhoods
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.49,0:01:55.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can be as much as seven degrees Celsius
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.78,0:01:57.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or 13 degrees Fahrenheit hotter,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.98,0:01:59.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than the rain forests that were once here.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.87,0:02:02.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While it's true that\Ncities are contributing
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.15,0:02:04.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to climate change, they're also key actors
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.32,0:02:07.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in forging low carbon emission pathways.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.21,0:02:10.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In dense cities like New York\Ncity and Tokyo for instance,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.84,0:02:13.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the average resident is responsible
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.05,0:02:16.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for over two tons of carbon\Ndioxide emissions per capita.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.16,0:02:19.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is less than a\Nsingle passenger car emits
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.29,0:02:21.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a single year in the United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.49,0:02:23.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cities around the world are stepping up
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.17,0:02:25.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to tackle climate change,\Nwith ambitious policies
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.71,0:02:28.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that often exceed the requirements\Nof national governments.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.77,0:02:30.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Take Copenhagen for example,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.64,0:02:33.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's committed to become\Ncarbon neutral by 2025
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.64,0:02:35.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Glasgow in Scotland also plans
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.76,0:02:38.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to become carbon neutral by 2030.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.16,0:02:40.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, there are more than 10,000 cities
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.43,0:02:42.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all around the world, that are committing
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.29,0:02:44.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to their own ambitious climate actions,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.40,0:02:46.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,plans that include\Nemissions reduction targets,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.87,0:02:49.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,clean energy and sustainable\Ntransit projects,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.50,0:02:51.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also energy efficiency policies,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.67,0:02:53.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can save people and cities,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.38,0:02:56.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,money, energy, and emissions.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.26,0:02:59.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Recent analysis shows\Nthere's just 6,000 cities
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.22,0:03:01.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,combined with regions and companies,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.11,0:03:03.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are undertaking climate initiatives
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.19,0:03:04.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can reduce global emissions
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.75,0:03:08.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by up to two gigatons of carbon\Ndioxide equivalent in 2030.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.90,0:03:12.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's roughly 4% of the\Nworld's total annual emissions
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.51,0:03:14.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on top of what national\Ngovernments have pledged.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.65,0:03:17.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is just the start,\Nimagine what could happen
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.41,0:03:19.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if 20,000 cities were to band together
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.69,0:03:21.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to curb climate change.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.34,0:03:23.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While this potential for\Ncity's climate action
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.39,0:03:26.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sounds really promising,\Ncities must work to make sure
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.53,0:03:29.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that these policies are\Nimplemented fairly and equitably.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.51,0:03:32.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where you live in a city,\Nyour income, your race,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.20,0:03:35.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,research is showing that\Nthese factors can determine
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.01,0:03:36.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your access to environmental benefits
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.95,0:03:38.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like green space and sustainable transit,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.90,0:03:40.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they can also determine your share
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.72,0:03:42.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of environmental burdens\Nlike air pollution
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.92,0:03:44.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and climate change.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.10,0:03:46.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We observe these neighborhood-level disparities,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.15,0:03:48.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,particularly clearly, in\Nthe side-by-side images
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.50,0:03:51.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Los Angeles, comparing\Nincome on the left,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.26,0:03:52.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and tree cover on the right.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.74,0:03:55.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The darkest green neighborhood\Nhas an average annual income
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.70,0:03:58.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of over a hundred thousand\NU.S. dollars per person.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.27,0:04:00.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And over 70% of it has tree cover.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.94,0:04:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The blue neighborhoods\Ntowards the bottom of the map,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.00,0:04:05.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only have a third of the income per person
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.18,0:04:10.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and less than 5% tree\Ncover, 70% versus five.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.16,0:04:12.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This disparity has real consequences.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.52,0:04:14.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Green spaces are often public spaces,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.84,0:04:16.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're known to be associated
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.54,0:04:18.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with social and economic wellbeing.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.46,0:04:21.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They can also reduce crime\Nand foster social cohesion.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.77,0:04:24.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Trees also can help to\Nfilter harmful air pollution
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.89,0:04:27.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and provide evaporative cooling and shade
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.17,0:04:29.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and relief for some of\Nthese high temperatures.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.78,0:04:31.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So not only are those poor neighborhoods
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.70,0:04:34.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at a greater disadvantage\Nfrom access to green space,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.56,0:04:36.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they're also more\Nvulnerable to air pollution
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.66,0:04:37.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and climate change.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.76,0:04:40.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can observe particularly\Npronounced disparities
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.48,0:04:42.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and urban heat according to race.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.49,0:04:45.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our latest research shows that 97%
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.52,0:04:47.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of major urban areas in the United States,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.30,0:04:50.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are exposing black populations\Nand people of color,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.62,0:04:53.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a full degree Celsius\Nhigher of urban heat
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.61,0:04:54.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than their white counterparts.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.96,0:04:56.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Take a look at this map of my hometown
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.85,0:04:59.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Greenville, South Carolina,\Nunlike the name suggests
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.47,0:05:01.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is not green for everyone.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.52,0:05:04.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The hottest areas of the\Ncounty shown on the map in red
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.85,0:05:06.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,correspond with the highest percentages
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.94,0:05:08.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of black and poor populations.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.83,0:05:11.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we're seeing similar\Npatterns throughout cities,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.34,0:05:13.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all across the United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.22,0:05:14.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To address these inequalities,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.81,0:05:17.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cities are starting to\Nstrategize and develop plans,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.78,0:05:20.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can ensure that climate benefits
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.23,0:05:23.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are provided to all of\Ntheir citizens equally.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.06,0:05:26.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Take Bogota, the capital\Ncity of Columbia for example,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.58,0:05:29.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it has one of the most\Nextensive bike networks
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.28,0:05:32.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in all of Latin America,\Nconnecting people to jobs,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.86,0:05:36.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,education centers, and\Nrecreational opportunities.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.55,0:05:39.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A new bike highway project can allow
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.01,0:05:43.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for around 42,000 daily bicycle\Ntrips, and potentially avoid
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.40,0:05:46.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,270,000 tons of greenhouse gas emissions.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.89,0:05:48.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Africa, where many cities
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.45,0:05:50.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lack universal access to electricity,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.60,0:05:54.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many grids are providing\Napproximately 73 million households
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.36,0:05:55.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with clean electricity.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.92,0:05:57.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So as we can see from these examples,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.65,0:06:00.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tackling climate change\Nhas to start in cities.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.42,0:06:02.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many cities are starting\Nto flip the script
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.26,0:06:04.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on climate change, proving\Nto be part of the solution
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.81,0:06:06.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not just the problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.25,0:06:08.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And bringing the kind of\Ninnovative solutions that we need
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.95,0:06:11.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for a more just and sustainable world.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.88,0:06:13.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.